{"title":"A digital monitoring, delay detection and visualisation framework for construction projects: RealCONs","authors":"Kambiz Radman, Mostafa Babaeian Jelodar, Ruggiero Lovreglio","doi":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and resilient monitoring of construction projects remains challenging due to fragmented reporting, data uncertainty and delayed system integration. This paper evaluates RealCONs, a QR-enabled real-time monitoring framework that integrates BIM, mobile scanning, cloud-based SQL storage, and Power BI analytics to support live project control. A 90-day comparative case analysis of two concurrent Electrical and Instrumentation projects benchmarked RealCONs against a conventional tracking system. Performance was assessed using Earned Value and Earned Schedule metrics, supported by Chi-square and two-proportion tests, confidence intervals, normality testing, regression forecasting, and non-parametric Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney analyses. Data continuity strongly favoured RealCONs, with five missing earned-value days compared with 35 in the comparator project (χ<sup>2</sup> = 28.93, <em>p</em> < .001). Across 51 paired days, RealCONs achieved superior CPI (1.02 vs 0.90) and SPI (1.01 vs 0.89). During a delay event (Days 33–37), RealCONs maintained measurable progress and statistically significant SPI predictability, while the comparator recorded zero earned value. Overall, RealCONs enabled earlier delay detection, improved forecast reliability and scalable, real-time decision support aligned with Industry 4.0 objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8660,"journal":{"name":"Automation in Construction","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106781"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-time knowledge management for construction value engineering: Live capture and BERT-aided case-based retrieval","authors":"Fuhao Zu , Xueqing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective reuse of creative ideas from value engineering (VE) workshops is crucial for cost-effective, innovative design. Conventional methods like post-project reviews and keyword searches often lack context, real-time availability, and semantic relevance, limiting the practical reuse of past insights. This paper addresses the fundamental question of how knowledge generated during VE workshops can be effectively captured and reused to support future idea generations. To solve this, it proposes an integrated methodology combining BIM-based live capture with a hybrid retrieval system. This system uses structured attributes and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) based semantic similarity to ensure context-aware reuse. A prototype Revit plug-in was developed for structured capture and semantic search. Evaluation demonstrated strong performance, superiority over baseline methods, and high user acceptance. This paper provides a practical framework and tool for structured documentation and intelligent knowledge reuse, thereby enhancing creativity support for construction VE practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8660,"journal":{"name":"Automation in Construction","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106782"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stakeholder-centric whole-lifecycle framework for guiding the development and implementation of construction digital twins","authors":"Wahib Saif , Omar Doukari , Mohamad Kassem","doi":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Construction Digital Twins (CDTs) are increasingly recognised for their potential to improve construction project management. However, successful implementation requires more than just deploying technology; it demands a stakeholder-centric, whole-system lifecycle approach. Existing frameworks are largely technocentric, focusing on technical demonstrations in isolated use cases and offering limited guidance on stakeholders' roles, interactions, and system lifecycle considerations. To address these gaps, this paper introduces a socio-technical CDT framework spanning five lifecycle stages: Define, Design, Deploy, Refine, and Decommission. Grounded in an eight-month longitudinal industrial case study and informed by a CDT triad taxonomy (applications, data, technologies), the framework guides CDT development and maps stakeholder engagement throughout its lifecycle. Stakeholders are categorised into four actor groups: Strategic, Advisory, Technical, and Operational, whose interdependencies are conceptualised through an actor role model. The framework extends CDT applicability beyond controlled demonstrations to real project contexts, while emphasising the need for validation across diverse organisational settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8660,"journal":{"name":"Automation in Construction","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106773"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive planning of multi-UAV refined inspection path for complex and irregular building clusters","authors":"Penglu Chen , Yi Tan , Wen Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid rapid global urbanization, cities have shifted into a predominantly building maintenance-oriented phase. Therefore, given that existing studies focus on inspecting simple standalone buildings with single UAV, this paper proposes an automatic path planning method for the refined inspection of complex, irregular building clusters. First, an adaptive layering mechanism is introduced to generate full coverage inspection points based on the structural characteristics of the 3D building cluster model. Initial obstacle free flight paths are then derived by integrating A* and greedy algorithms. Further path optimization is conducted by applying the 2-opt algorithm to eliminate intersections and reduce flight distance, while the DP (Douglas Peucke) algorithm is employed simplified the trajectory by reducing redundant waypoints. Experimental validation on six irregularly shaped buildings demonstrates a 9.6% reduction in flight path length and a 47.7% decrease in intermediate waypoints. The proposed framework enables refined inspection path planning for building clusters, improving the automation level and practical applicability of multi-UAVs based building operation and maintenance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8660,"journal":{"name":"Automation in Construction","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106787"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146000937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongsheng Li , Limao Zhang , Qixiang Yan , Jianjun Qin , Zhanpeng Luo
{"title":"Inertia effects matching for optimal attitude control in synchronous TBM considering human behavior","authors":"Yongsheng Li , Limao Zhang , Qixiang Yan , Jianjun Qin , Zhanpeng Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper addresses the general problem of unreliable excavation in synchronous tunnel boring machines (S-TBMs) caused by inertia effects and time-delay phenomenon. The specific research question is how to achieve robust inertia matching those accounts for both equipment dynamics and human operator response behavior. A Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and an encoder-decoder framework (EDF) are proposed to estimate the driver and S-TBM inertial response time. A dynamic expression of the S-TBM excavation system is formulated, taking into account both human response time and equipment inertia effects. The results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately fits driver response time, achieves high-precision estimation of system inertia, and significantly reduces attitude errors by over 86% compared to non-matched control. An important contribution of this study is the integration of human behavioral inertia into the field of engineering equipment control, providing theoretical support for human-machine collaboration and real-time sharing control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8660,"journal":{"name":"Automation in Construction","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106798"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingwei Zeng , Shunxin Yang , Chang Xu , Jitong Ding , Qiwei Chen , Guoyang Lu
{"title":"Project-level automated pavement maintenance and rehabilitation decision-making with data imbalance mitigation and post-maintenance evaluation","authors":"Qingwei Zeng , Shunxin Yang , Chang Xu , Jitong Ding , Qiwei Chen , Guoyang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pavement management data often suffers from severe class imbalance, and existing project-level maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) decision-making models generally lack post-maintenance evaluation mechanisms. To address these issues, this paper proposes a project-level automated pavement M&R decision-making framework that considers data imbalance and incorporates post-maintenance evaluation (PMDNN). First, a Conditional Tabular Generative Adversarial Network (CTGAN) is developed to augment imbalanced M&R datasets. Next, two deep neural networks (DNNs) are constructed, for pavement performance prediction and for M&R decision-making, respectively. Finally, these two DNNs are nested to enable post-maintenance evaluation, supporting iterative adjustment of suboptimal M&R plans. Results demonstrate that the CTGAN effectively addresses data imbalance and accurately simulates the distribution of the original data. Compared with other data augmentation models, the CTGAN generates data with 4.7%–18.1% higher quality. Additionally, relative to multiple baseline frameworks, the proposed PMDNN framework achieves a 1.91%–4.71% higher overall decision accuracy. These findings indicate that PMDNN can support pavement management systems in making decisions more closely aligned with expert judgment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8660,"journal":{"name":"Automation in Construction","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106796"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146033334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tzu-Hsuan Lin , Sheng-Hong Wu , Yu-Chen Su , Alan Putranto
{"title":"Automated robotic deployment of distributed fiber optic sensing for construction monitoring","authors":"Tzu-Hsuan Lin , Sheng-Hong Wu , Yu-Chen Su , Alan Putranto","doi":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) enables continuous strain and temperature monitoring across civil infrastructure, yet installation remains labor-intensive. This paper presents ROADRobot (Robotic System for Automated Deployment of DFOS), a robotic platform integrating closed-loop tension control, calibrated adhesive dispensing, infrared-guided trajectory tracking, and mechanical bead consolidation for automated DFOS deployment. Laboratory validation on wooden and steel substrates identified optimal parameters of 3–6 cm/s traverse velocity and 0.16–0.32 mm/s dispensing velocity, achieving trajectory deviation within 2 mm. Confined-space deployment in a 450 × 450 mm steel channel demonstrated operation under geometric constraints. Comparative trials showed a 46.8% reduction in deployment time versus single-technician manual installation (<em>p</em> < 0.001, Cohen's d = 34.98) with 41% lower variability. OTDR testing confirmed fiber integrity with 0.042 dB insertion loss over 5.5 m. These results establish technical viability, though significant development remains for field application, including curved paths and non-horizontal surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8660,"journal":{"name":"Automation in Construction","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106793"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-objective scientific approach to problem solving-inspired optimization integrated with the finite element method for automated structural design","authors":"Dinh-Nhat Truong , Jui-Sheng Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a simulation-driven framework integrating the Multi-Objective Scientific Approach to Problem Solving-inspired Optimization (MOSAPSO) algorithm with the finite element method (FEM) for automated structural design in construction. The proposed MOSAPSO integrates chaotic initialization, Lévy flight dynamics, elite population control, and sparsity-biased Pareto archiving to enhance convergence and diversity, while embedding the scientific research process, including review and problem definition, hypothesis formulation, data collection, and analysis and interpretation, into a unified optimization strategy. A temporal control strategy balances exploration and exploitation during the optimization process. Benchmarking on 24 CEC-2020 test functions reveals that MOSAPSO outperforms 11 established multi-objective algorithms across hypervolume (HV), generational distance (GD), and spacing (SP) metrics. Integrated with FEM, MOSAPSO–FEM automatically generates Pareto-optimal designs for five large-scale structural systems, balancing weight, displacement, and stability constraints. The framework provides a robust foundation for intelligent, simulation-driven decision-making in construction design, offering significant opportunities for integration with BIM, digital twins, and automated design tools.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8660,"journal":{"name":"Automation in Construction","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106770"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Human digital twin for optimizing labor productivity in construction 5.0","authors":"Chukwuka Christian Ohueri","doi":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autcon.2026.106800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, labor productivity declined by 8% from 2022 to 2024, primarily due to human-centric factors. In transition to Construction 5.0 (C5.0), Human Digital Twin (HDT) integrates humans and systems to enhance productivity. However, existing review studies have not identified human-centric productivity drivers or HDT components, nor examined their interactions in enhancing labor productivity. This paper develops a framework that operationalizes the interactions between human-centric productivity drivers and HDT components to optimize labor productivity. A systematic review was conducted by searching for keywords in Scopus, using predefined criteria to select 185 articles published over the last decade, and analyzing the articles using thematic synthesis. Consequently, human-centric productivity drivers and HDT components were identified, and their interactions operationalized via a structured framework to optimize labor productivity in C5.0. This paper advances automation in construction by establishing a pioneering approach that integrates human attributes and cyber-physical systems for optimal human-system interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8660,"journal":{"name":"Automation in Construction","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106800"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automated diagnosis of bridge expansion joint defects using voiceprint features and deep learning","authors":"Yixuan Chen , Hongzhe Zhao , Yichao Xu , Yufeng Zhang , Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.autcon.2025.106739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.autcon.2025.106739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bridge Expansion Joints (BEJs) are crucial for bridge safety, yet their acoustic signals are complex and easily disturbed by traffic noise, limiting traditional identification accuracy. To address this, an intelligent monitoring system based on voiceprint features and deep learning is developed. Its key contributions include: (1) a cloud-edge collaborative voiceprint monitoring device that integrates audio sampling, embedded processing, cloud server and wireless transmission, enabling long-term data collection and remote diagnosis under noisy environments; (2) the use of first- and second-order differential Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) for feature extraction, improving discriminability; and (3) the Hybrid Attention Fusion Network (HAFNet), built on a pre-trained convolutional backbone with multi-scale attention, achieving high-precision recognition of typical BEJ faults, with testing accuracies of 97.99% and 99.00% for two vehicle types. Field experiments demonstrate the system's stability, reliability, and feasibility for real-time BEJ monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8660,"journal":{"name":"Automation in Construction","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 106739"},"PeriodicalIF":11.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146071951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}