Autism Research and Treatment最新文献_第8页

Reciprocity in interaction: a window on the first year of life in autism. 互动中的互惠:自闭症第一年的一个窗口。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-05-20 DOI: 10.1155/2013/705895

Fabio Apicella, Natasha Chericoni, Valeria Costanzo, Sara Baldini, Lucia Billeci, David Cohen, Filippo Muratori

{"title":"Reciprocity in interaction: a window on the first year of life in autism.","authors":"Fabio Apicella, Natasha Chericoni, Valeria Costanzo, Sara Baldini, Lucia Billeci, David Cohen, Filippo Muratori","doi":"10.1155/2013/705895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/705895","url":null,"abstract":"From early infancy onwards, young children appear motivated to engage reciprocally with others and share psychological states during dyadic interactions. Although poor reciprocity is one of the defining features of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), few studies have focused on the direct assessment of real-life reciprocal behavior; consequently, our knowledge of the nature and the development of this core feature of autism is still limited. In this study, we describe the phenomenon of reciprocity in infant-caregiver interaction by analyzing family movies taken during the first year of life of 10 infants with ASD and 9 infants with typical development (TD). We analyzed reciprocal behaviors by means of a coding scheme developed for this purpose (caregiver-infant reciprocity scale (CIRS)). Infants with ASD displayed less motor activity during the first semester and subsequently fewer vocalizations, compared to TD infants. Caregivers of ASD infants showed in the second semester shorter periods of involvement and a reduction of affectionate touch. These results suggest that from the first months of life a nonsynchronic motor-vocal pattern may interfere in different ways with the development of reciprocity in the primary relationship between infants later diagnosed with ASD and their caregivers.","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"705895"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/705895","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31503543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 36

Validation of autism spectrum quotient adult version in an Australian sample. 自闭症谱系商成人版本在澳大利亚样本中的验证。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-05-12 DOI: 10.1155/2013/984205

J Broadbent, I Galic, M A Stokes

{"title":"Validation of autism spectrum quotient adult version in an Australian sample.","authors":"J Broadbent, I Galic, M A Stokes","doi":"10.1155/2013/984205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/984205","url":null,"abstract":"The Autism Spectrum Quotient is used to assess autistic spectrum traits in intellectually competent adults in both the general population and the autism spectrum community. While the autism spectrum Quotient has been validated in several different cultures, to date no study has assessed the psychometrics of the Autism Spectrum Quotient on an Australian population. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometrics of the autism spectrum Quotient in an Australian sample of both typically developing individuals (n = 128) and individuals with autism spectrum disorder (n = 104). The results revealed that the internal consistency and the test-retest reliability were satisfactory; individuals with autism spectrum disorder scored higher on total Autism Spectrum Quotient score and its subscales than typically developing individuals; however, gender differences were not apparent on total score. Possible cultural differences may explain some of the psychometric variations found. The results of this analysis revealed that the Autism Spectrum Quotient was a reliable instrument for investigating variation in autistic symptomology in both typically developing and Autism Spectrum Disorders populations within an Australian population.","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"984205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/984205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31503544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 62

Epigenetics and autism. 表观遗传学和自闭症。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-09-15 DOI: 10.1155/2013/826156

Tafari Mbadiwe, Richard M Millis

{"title":"Epigenetics and autism.","authors":"Tafari Mbadiwe, Richard M Millis","doi":"10.1155/2013/826156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/826156","url":null,"abstract":"This review identifies mechanisms for altering DNA-histone interactions of cell chromatin to upregulate or downregulate gene expression that could serve as epigenetic targets for therapeutic interventions in autism. DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) can phosphorylate histone H3 at T6. Aided by protein kinase C β 1, the DNMT lysine-specific demethylase-1 prevents demethylation of H3 at K4. During androgen-receptor-(AR-) dependent gene activation, this sequence may produce AR-dependent gene overactivation which may partly explain the male predominance of autism. AR-dependent gene overactivation in conjunction with a DNMT mechanism for methylating oxytocin receptors could produce high arousal inputs to the amygdala resulting in aberrant socialization, a prime characteristic of autism. Dysregulation of histone methyltransferases and histone deacetylases (HDACs) associated with low activity of methyl CpG binding protein-2 at cytosine-guanine sites in genes may reduce the capacity for condensing chromatin and silencing genes in frontal cortex, a site characterized by decreased cortical interconnectivity in autistic subjects. HDAC1 inhibition can overactivate mRNA transcription, a putative mechanism for the increased number of cerebral cortical columns and local frontal cortex hyperactivity in autistic individuals. These epigenetic mechanisms underlying male predominance, aberrant social interaction, and low functioning frontal cortex may be novel targets for autism prevention and treatment strategies. ","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"826156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/826156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40260052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Sensory Response Patterns in Nonverbal Children with ASD. 非语言自闭症儿童的感觉反应模式。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-07-15 DOI: 10.1155/2013/436286

Elena Patten, Karla K Ausderau, Linda R Watson, Grace T Baranek

{"title":"Sensory Response Patterns in Nonverbal Children with ASD.","authors":"Elena Patten, Karla K Ausderau, Linda R Watson, Grace T Baranek","doi":"10.1155/2013/436286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/436286","url":null,"abstract":"We sought to examine concurrent and longitudinal associations between sensory response patterns (i.e., hyperresponsiveness, hyporesponsiveness, and sensory seeking) and verbal status of young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a potential factor influencing the development of verbal communication. Seventy-nine children with ASD (verbal, n = 29; nonverbal, n = 50) were assessed using cross-sectional analyses (Study 1), and 14 children with ASD (verbal, n = 6; nonverbal, n = 8) were assessed using prospective longitudinal analyses (Study 2). Data were collected regarding sensory response patterns and verbal ability. Hyporesponsiveness and sensory seeking behaviors were associated with verbal status in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses; nonverbal children were more likely to demonstrate higher hyporesponsive and sensory seeking patterns. Hyperresponsiveness did not significantly differ between verbal and nonverbal groups in either design. Sensory hyporesponsiveness and seeking behaviors may be important factors hindering the development of functional verbal communication in children with ASD. Unusual sensory responsiveness can often be observed before the onset of speech and may yield important prognostic capabilities as well as inform early interventions targeting verbal communication or alternative communication options in young children with ASD. ","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"436286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/436286","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31666832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 54

Presence of contagious yawning in children with autism spectrum disorder. 自闭症谱系障碍儿童中存在传染性打哈欠现象。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-07-22 DOI: 10.1155/2013/971686

Saori Usui, Atsushi Senju, Yukiko Kikuchi, Hironori Akechi, Yoshikuni Tojo, Hiroo Osanai, Toshikazu Hasegawa

引用次数: 0

The Relationship between Comprehension of Figurative Language by Japanese Children with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders and College Freshmen's Assessment of Its Conventionality of Usage. 日本高功能自闭症谱系障碍儿童对比喻语言的理解与大学新生对比喻语言使用约定俗成的关系

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-10-28 DOI: 10.1155/2013/480635

Manabu Oi, Sanae Tanaka, Harue Ohoka

{"title":"The Relationship between Comprehension of Figurative Language by Japanese Children with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders and College Freshmen's Assessment of Its Conventionality of Usage.","authors":"Manabu Oi, Sanae Tanaka, Harue Ohoka","doi":"10.1155/2013/480635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/480635","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike their English-speaking counterparts, Japanese children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (HFASDs) perform as well as typically developing (TD) children in comprehending metaphor, despite lacking 1st order theory of mind (ToM) reasoning. Additionally, although Japanese sarcasm and \"indirect reproach\" appear theoretically to need 2nd order ToM reasoning, HFASD children without this comprehended these forms of language as well as TD children. To attempt to explain this contradiction, we asked college freshmen to evaluate the strangeness (unconventionality) of these types of figurative language. We aimed to test the hypothesis that metaphor, sarcasm, and \"indirect reproach\" might be evaluated as more conventional than irony, which children with HFASDs do not comprehend as well as those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The results for irony, metaphor, and \"indirect reproach\" supported the hypothesis, while those for sarcasm did not. Sarcasm is comprehended by HFASDs children as well as by TD children despite being evaluated as highly unconventional. This contradiction is discussed from a self-in-relation-to-other perspective. We postulate that a new explanation of disabilities of figurative language comprehension in children with HFASDs is needed instead of relying on a single cognitive process. ","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"480635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/480635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31914249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Awareness of autism in primary school teachers. 小学教师的自闭症意识。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-11-30 DOI: 10.1155/2013/961595

Muhammad Mustafa Arif, Ayesha Niazy, Bilal Hassan, Farah Ahmed

{"title":"Awareness of autism in primary school teachers.","authors":"Muhammad Mustafa Arif, Ayesha Niazy, Bilal Hassan, Farah Ahmed","doi":"10.1155/2013/961595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/961595","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. To assess the knowledge and perception of primary school teachers regarding autism in private and public schools of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on primary school teachers in different districts of Karachi. A sample size of 170 teachers was selected by purposive sampling. Primary data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. These questions assessed the teacher's knowledge and perception of Autism. Data was entered on SPSS version 20. Frequencies and percentages were taken out for categorical variables. Results. Of the total 170 teachers, 85 were from the Private and 85 from Public sector schools. 55% (n = 94) of the teachers knew about Autism through the media and only 9% (n = 15) had formal training through workshops on Autism. 62% (n = 105) of the teachers were of the opinion that Autism is treatable. Majority of the teachers (57%) said that proper training is required for teaching autistic children. Conclusion. The knowledge related to Autism in our existing sample has mostly come from the media. Although we cannot undermine the role of media, there is a need to give formal training to teachers regarding the differentiating features of Autism, which in turn will aid in early diagnosis of the disease. ","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"961595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/961595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31976281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Early infant exposure to excess multivitamin: a risk factor for autism? 婴儿早期过量摄入多种维生素：自闭症的风险因素？

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-03-04 DOI: 10.1155/2013/963697

Shi-Sheng Zhou, Yi-Ming Zhou, Da Li, Qiang Ma

{"title":"Early infant exposure to excess multivitamin: a risk factor for autism?","authors":"Shi-Sheng Zhou, Yi-Ming Zhou, Da Li, Qiang Ma","doi":"10.1155/2013/963697","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/963697","url":null,"abstract":"Autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects boys more than girls, is often associated with altered levels of monoamines (serotonin and catecholamines), especially elevated serotonin levels. The monoamines act as both neurotransmitters and signaling molecules in the gastrointestinal and immune systems. The evidence related to monoamine metabolism may be summarized as follows: (i) monoamine neurotransmitters are enzymatically degraded/inactivated by three mechanisms: oxidative deamination, methylation, and sulfation. The latter two are limited by the supply of methyl groups and sulfate, respectively. (ii) A decrease in methylation- and sulfation-mediated monoamine inactivation can be compensated by an increase in the oxidative deamination catalyzed by monoamine oxidase, an X-linked enzyme exhibiting higher activity in females than in males. (iii) Vitamins can, on one hand, facilitate the synthesis of monoamine neurotransmitters and, on the other hand, inhibit their inactivation by competing for methylation and sulfation. Therefore, we postulate that excess multivitamin feeding in early infancy, which has become very popular over the past few decades, may be a potential risk factor for disturbed monoamine metabolism. In this paper, we will focus on the relationship between excess multivitamin exposure and the inactivation/degradation of monoamine neurotransmitters and its possible role in the development of autism.","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"963697"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3603653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40230006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Parasympathetic response profiles related to social functioning in young children with autistic disorder. 与孤独症儿童社会功能相关的副交感神经反应。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-09-30 DOI: 10.1155/2013/868396

Stephen J Sheinkopf, A Rebecca Neal-Beevers, Todd P Levine, Cynthia Miller-Loncar, Barry Lester

{"title":"Parasympathetic response profiles related to social functioning in young children with autistic disorder.","authors":"Stephen J Sheinkopf, A Rebecca Neal-Beevers, Todd P Levine, Cynthia Miller-Loncar, Barry Lester","doi":"10.1155/2013/868396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/868396","url":null,"abstract":"Psychophysiology studies of heart rate and heart rate variability can be employed to study regulatory processes in children with autism. The objective of this study was to test for differences in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; a measure of heart rate variability) and to examine the relationship between physiologic responses and measures of social behavior. Participants included 2- to 6-year-old children with Autistic Disorder and children without autism. Heart rate and RSA were derived from ECG recordings made during a baseline period and then a stranger approach paradigm. Social and adaptive behavior was assessed by parent report. Groups did not differ in mean heart rate or RSA at baseline or in response to social challenge. However, children with autism were more likely to show a physiologic response to intrusive portions of the stranger approach than to less intrusive portions of this procedure. Nonautistic children were equally likely to respond to intrusive and less intrusive social events. Within the autistic group, physiologic response to the intrusive stranger approach corresponded to higher ratings of social adaptive behaviors. These results suggest that physiologic responses to social challenge may help understand differences in social behavioral outcomes in children with autism. ","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":" ","pages":"868396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/868396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40280251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Effectiveness of methylcobalamin and folinic Acid treatment on adaptive behavior in children with autistic disorder is related to glutathione redox status. 甲基钴胺和亚叶酸治疗对自闭症儿童适应行为的影响与谷胱甘肽氧化还原状态有关。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-10-12 DOI: 10.1155/2013/609705

Richard E Frye, Stepan Melnyk, George Fuchs, Tyra Reid, Stefanie Jernigan, Oleksandra Pavliv, Amanda Hubanks, David W Gaylor, Laura Walters, S Jill James

{"title":"Effectiveness of methylcobalamin and folinic Acid treatment on adaptive behavior in children with autistic disorder is related to glutathione redox status.","authors":"Richard E Frye, Stepan Melnyk, George Fuchs, Tyra Reid, Stefanie Jernigan, Oleksandra Pavliv, Amanda Hubanks, David W Gaylor, Laura Walters, S Jill James","doi":"10.1155/2013/609705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/609705","url":null,"abstract":"Treatments targeting metabolic abnormalities in children with autism are limited. Previously we reported that a nutritional treatment significantly improved glutathione metabolism in children with autistic disorder. In this study we evaluated changes in adaptive behaviors in this cohort and determined whether such changes are related to changes in glutathione metabolism. Thirty-seven children diagnosed with autistic disorder and abnormal glutathione and methylation metabolism were treated with twice weekly 75 µg/Kg methylcobalamin and twice daily 400 µg folinic acid for 3 months in an open-label fashion. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) and glutathione redox metabolites were measured at baseline and at the end of the treatment period. Over the treatment period, all VABS subscales significantly improved with an average effect size of 0.59, and an average improvement in skills of 7.7 months. A greater improvement in glutathione redox status was associated with a greater improvement in expressive communication, personal and domestic daily living skills, and interpersonal, play-leisure, and coping social skills. Age, gender, and history of regression did not influence treatment response. The significant behavioral improvements observed and the relationship between these improvements to glutathione redox status suggest that nutritional interventions targeting redox metabolism may benefit some children with autism. ","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":"2013 ","pages":"609705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/609705","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31860160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 70