Autism Research and Treatment最新文献_第7页

A Randomised Control Trial of the Impact of a Computer-Based Activity Programme upon the Fitness of Children with Autism. 基于计算机的活动计划对自闭症儿童体能影响的随机对照试验。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-10-07 DOI: 10.1155/2014/419653

Kathleen Dickinson, Maurice Place

{"title":"A Randomised Control Trial of the Impact of a Computer-Based Activity Programme upon the Fitness of Children with Autism.","authors":"Kathleen Dickinson, Maurice Place","doi":"10.1155/2014/419653","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2014/419653","url":null,"abstract":"The poor levels of fitness in children with autism are prompting concern for the children's future health. This study looked to assess if a computer-based activity programme could improve fitness levels (as reflected in cardiopulmonary function) of these children, and achieve a reduction in their body mass index. In a randomised controlled trial, 50 children with autism (of which 33 were under the age of 11 years and 39 were boys) were allocated to an intervention group which encouraged them to use the Nintendo Wii and the software package \"Mario and Sonics at the Olympics\" in addition to their routine physical education classes. 50 children with autism (34 under the age of 11 years and 40 being boys) acted as controls. At the end of one year, analysis of the changes in scores using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on the Eurofit fitness tests showed that the intervention group had made statistically significant improvement on all tests other than flexibility. These improvements were also significantly better than controls. This type of intervention appears to be an effective addition to standard fitness training in order to help children with autism improve their fitness levels. ","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":"2014 ","pages":"419653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4220566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32817167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disability Identification and Self-Efficacy among College Students on the Autism Spectrum. 自闭症大学生的残疾认同与自我效能感。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-02-23 DOI: 10.1155/2014/924182

Paul T Shattuck, Jessica Steinberg, Jennifer Yu, Xin Wei, Benjamin P Cooper, Lynn Newman, Anne M Roux

引用次数: 63

Physical activity and physical fitness of school-aged children and youth with autism spectrum disorders. 患有自闭症谱系障碍的学龄儿童和青少年的身体活动和身体健康。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-09-16 DOI: 10.1155/2014/312163

Kiley Tyler, Megan MacDonald, Kristi Menear

{"title":"Physical activity and physical fitness of school-aged children and youth with autism spectrum disorders.","authors":"Kiley Tyler, Megan MacDonald, Kristi Menear","doi":"10.1155/2014/312163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/312163","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social communication deficits and the presence of restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities. Literature comparing the physical activity and fitness of children with ASD to typically developing peers is in need of attention. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the physical activity and fitness of school-aged children with ASD (N = 17) in comparison to typically developing peers (N = 12). Participants with ASD completed diagnostic and developmental assessments and a series of physical fitness assessments: 20-meter multistage shuttle, sit-and-reach test, handgrip strength, and body mass index. Physical activity was measured using accelerometry and preestablished cut-points of physical activity (Freedson et al., 2005). MANCOVA revealed significant between-group effects in strength (P = .03), while ANCOVA revealed significant between-group effects in sedentary (P = .00), light (P = .00), moderate (P = .00), and total moderate-to-vigorous (P = .01) physical activity. Children with ASD are less physically active and fit than typically developing peers. Adapted physical activity programs are one avenue with intervention potential to combat these lower levels of physical activity and fitness found in children with ASD. ","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":"2014 ","pages":"312163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/312163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32742682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 132

No differences in emotion recognition strategies in children with autism spectrum disorder: evidence from hybrid faces. 自闭症谱系障碍儿童的情绪识别策略无差异:来自混合面孔的证据。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-01-05 DOI: 10.1155/2014/345878

Kris Evers, Inneke Kerkhof, Jean Steyaert, Ilse Noens, Johan Wagemans

{"title":"No differences in emotion recognition strategies in children with autism spectrum disorder: evidence from hybrid faces.","authors":"Kris Evers, Inneke Kerkhof, Jean Steyaert, Ilse Noens, Johan Wagemans","doi":"10.1155/2014/345878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/345878","url":null,"abstract":"Emotion recognition problems are frequently reported in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, this research area is characterized by inconsistent findings, with atypical emotion processing strategies possibly contributing to existing contradictions. In addition, an attenuated saliency of the eyes region is often demonstrated in ASD during face identity processing. We wanted to compare reliance on mouth versus eyes information in children with and without ASD, using hybrid facial expressions. A group of six-to-eight-year-old boys with ASD and an age- and intelligence-matched typically developing (TD) group without intellectual disability performed an emotion labelling task with hybrid facial expressions. Five static expressions were used: one neutral expression and four emotional expressions, namely, anger, fear, happiness, and sadness. Hybrid faces were created, consisting of an emotional face half (upper or lower face region) with the other face half showing a neutral expression. Results showed no emotion recognition problem in ASD. Moreover, we provided evidence for the existence of top- and bottom-emotions in children: correct identification of expressions mainly depends on information in the eyes (so-called top-emotions: happiness) or in the mouth region (so-called bottom-emotions: sadness, anger, and fear). No stronger reliance on mouth information was found in children with ASD. ","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":"2014 ","pages":"345878"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/345878","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32115308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Potential Role of Selenoenzymes and Antioxidant Metabolism in relation to Autism Etiology and Pathology. 硒酶和抗氧化剂代谢在自闭症病因学和病理学中的潜在作用。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-03-05 DOI: 10.1155/2014/164938

Laura J Raymond, Richard C Deth, Nicholas V C Ralston

{"title":"Potential Role of Selenoenzymes and Antioxidant Metabolism in relation to Autism Etiology and Pathology.","authors":"Laura J Raymond, Richard C Deth, Nicholas V C Ralston","doi":"10.1155/2014/164938","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2014/164938","url":null,"abstract":"Autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are behaviorally defined, but the biochemical pathogenesis of the underlying disease process remains uncharacterized. Studies indicate that antioxidant status is diminished in autistic subjects, suggesting its pathology is associated with augmented production of oxidative species and/or compromised antioxidant metabolism. This suggests ASD may result from defects in the metabolism of cellular antioxidants which maintain intracellular redox status by quenching reactive oxygen species (ROS). Selenium-dependent enzymes (selenoenzymes) are important in maintaining intercellular reducing conditions, particularly in the brain. Selenoenzymes are a family of ~25 genetically unique proteins, several of which have roles in preventing and reversing oxidative damage in brain and endocrine tissues. Since the brain's high rate of oxygen consumption is accompanied by high ROS production, selenoenzyme activities are particularly important in this tissue. Because selenoenzymes can be irreversibly inhibited by many electrophiles, exposure to these organic and inorganic agents can diminish selenoenzyme-dependent antioxidant functions. This can impair brain development, particularly via the adverse influence of oxidative stress on epigenetic regulation. Here we review the physiological roles of selenoproteins in relation to potential biochemical mechanisms of ASD etiology and pathology. ","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":"2014 ","pages":"164938"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3966422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32264371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conceptualisation and development of a quality of life measure for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. 自闭症谱系障碍儿童家长生活质量衡量标准的概念化和开发。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-03-20 DOI: 10.1155/2014/160783

Valsamma Eapen, Rudi Crnčec, Amelia Walter, Kwok Ping Tay

{"title":"Conceptualisation and development of a quality of life measure for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Valsamma Eapen, Rudi Crnčec, Amelia Walter, Kwok Ping Tay","doi":"10.1155/2014/160783","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2014/160783","url":null,"abstract":"Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to experience greater psychological distress than parents of typically developing children or children with other disabilities. Quality of Life (QoL) is increasingly recognised as a critical outcome measure for planning and treatment purposes in ASD. There is a need for ASD-specific QoL measures as generic measures may not capture all relevant aspects of living with ASD. This paper describes the conceptualisation and development of an autism-specific measure of QoL, the Quality of Life in Autism Questionnaire (QoLA) for parents and caregivers of children with ASD, that is suitable to clinical and research settings. Preliminary psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of the measure are also presented. The QoLA has 48 items in two subscales: one comprising QoL items and the second a parent report of how problematic their child's ASD symptoms are. A study involving 39 families suggested the QoLA has excellent internal consistency as well as good known-groups validity between parents of children with ASD and those who were typically developing. The QoLA also showed good convergent validity with other measures of QoL and ASD symptom severity, respectively. The QoLA may be a valuable assessment tool and merits further psychometric evaluation. ","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":"2014 ","pages":"160783"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3977417/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32298598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temporal Synchrony Detection and Associations with Language in Young Children with ASD. ASD 幼儿的时间同步检测及其与语言的关联。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-12-29 DOI: 10.1155/2014/678346

Elena Patten, Linda R Watson, Grace T Baranek

{"title":"Temporal Synchrony Detection and Associations with Language in Young Children with ASD.","authors":"Elena Patten, Linda R Watson, Grace T Baranek","doi":"10.1155/2014/678346","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2014/678346","url":null,"abstract":"Temporally synchronous audio-visual stimuli serve to recruit attention and enhance learning, including language learning in infants. Although few studies have examined this effect on children with autism, it appears that the ability to detect temporal synchrony between auditory and visual stimuli may be impaired, particularly given social-linguistic stimuli delivered via oral movement and spoken language pairings. However, children with autism can detect audio-visual synchrony given nonsocial stimuli (objects dropping and their corresponding sounds). We tested whether preschool children with autism could detect audio-visual synchrony given video recordings of linguistic stimuli paired with movement of related toys in the absence of faces. As a group, children with autism demonstrated the ability to detect audio-visual synchrony. Further, the amount of time they attended to the synchronous condition was positively correlated with receptive language. Findings suggest that object manipulations may enhance multisensory processing in linguistic contexts. Moreover, associations between synchrony detection and language development suggest that better processing of multisensory stimuli may guide and direct attention to communicative events thus enhancing linguistic development. ","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":"2014 ","pages":"678346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4295130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32997454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Minor physical anomalies in adults with autism spectrum disorder and healthy controls. 自闭症谱系障碍成人和健康对照组的轻微身体异常。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-03-24 DOI: 10.1155/2014/743482

Irina Manouilenko, Jonna M Eriksson, Mats B Humble, Susanne Bejerot

{"title":"Minor physical anomalies in adults with autism spectrum disorder and healthy controls.","authors":"Irina Manouilenko, Jonna M Eriksson, Mats B Humble, Susanne Bejerot","doi":"10.1155/2014/743482","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2014/743482","url":null,"abstract":"Minor Physical Anomalies (MPAs) are subtle abnormalities of the head, face, and limbs, without significant cosmetic or functional impact to the individual. They are assumed to represent external markers of developmental deviations during foetal life. MPAs have been suggested to indicate severity in mental illness and constitute external markers for atypical brain development. Higher frequencies of MPAs can be found in children with autism. The aims of the present study were to examine the prevalence and patterns of MPAs in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to investigate whether MPAs are associated with symptom severity and overall functioning. Fifty adults with ASD and intelligence within the normal range and 53 healthy controls were examined with the Waldrop scale, an instrument for assessing MPAs. Face and feet were photographed enabling blinded assessment. Significant differences between the ASD and the control group were found on the MPA total scores, and also in the craniofacial region scores. Moreover, the shape of the ears was associated with autistic traits, in the ASD group. High MPA total scores were associated with poorer functioning. The findings suggest a link between MPAs, autistic traits, and level of functioning. Assessment of MPAs may assist in the diagnostic procedure of psychiatric disorders. ","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":"2014 ","pages":"743482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3982266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32303189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mild dermatoglyphic deviations in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and average intellectual abilities as compared to typically developing boys. 与正常发育的男孩相比，患有自闭症谱系障碍和平均智力的青少年的轻度皮肤纹偏差。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-11-19 DOI: 10.1155/2014/968134

Esther I de Bruin, John H Graham, Anneke Louwerse, Anja C Huizink

{"title":"Mild dermatoglyphic deviations in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and average intellectual abilities as compared to typically developing boys.","authors":"Esther I de Bruin, John H Graham, Anneke Louwerse, Anja C Huizink","doi":"10.1155/2014/968134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/968134","url":null,"abstract":"Dermatoglyphics, ridge constellations on the hands and feet, are permanently formed by the second trimester of pregnancy. Consequently, they are considered \"fossilized\" evidence of a specific prenatal period. A high frequency of dermatoglyphic anomalies, or a high rate of dermatoglyphic asymmetry (discordance), is an indication of developmental instability (prenatal disturbances) prior to 24-week gestation. Most dermatoglyphic studies in psychiatry focus on adult schizophrenia. Studies on dermatoglyphic deviances and autism are sparse, include severely disturbed and intellectually retarded patients with autism, and are carried out mainly in non-Western European populations. In this study, finger print patterns, atd-angles, and palmar flexion crease patterns (PFCs) are compared between Western European adolescent teenage males, of average intellect, with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD; n = 46) and typically developing adolescent teenage males (TD; n = 49). Boys with ASD had a higher rate of discordance in their finger print patterns than TD boys. Thus, the hypothesized prenatal disturbances that play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia and severe autism might not be specific to these severe psychiatric disorders but might also be involved in the etiology of varying degrees of ASD. ","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":"2014 ","pages":"968134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2014/968134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32882126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Parent training interventions for toddlers with autism spectrum disorder. 对患有自闭症谱系障碍的幼儿进行家长培训干预。

Autism Research and Treatment Pub Date : 2014-01-01 Epub Date: 2014-05-07 DOI: 10.1155/2014/839890

Audrée Jeanne Beaudoin, Guillaume Sébire, Mélanie Couture

{"title":"Parent training interventions for toddlers with autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Audrée Jeanne Beaudoin, Guillaume Sébire, Mélanie Couture","doi":"10.1155/2014/839890","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2014/839890","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Now that early identification of toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is possible, efforts are being made to develop interventions for children under three years of age. Most studies on early intervention have focused on intensive and individual interventions. However, parent training interventions that help parents interact and communicate with their toddlers with ASD might be a good alternative to promote the development of their child's sociocommunicative skills. Objective. This review aims to systematically examine (1) the use of parent training interventions for children with ASD under three years of age and (2) their effects on children's development, parents' well-being and parent-child interactions. Methods. Systematic searches were conducted to retrieve studies in which at least one parent was trained to implement ASD-specific techniques with their toddlers (0-36 months old) with a diagnosis of or suspected ASD. Results. Fifteen studies, involving 484 children (mean age: 23.26 months), were included in this review. Only two of them met criteria for conclusive evidence. Results show that parents were able to implement newly learned strategies and were generally very satisfied with parent training programs. However, findings pertaining to the children's communication and socioemotional skills, parent-child interactions, and parental well-being were inconclusive. ","PeriodicalId":8659,"journal":{"name":"Autism Research and Treatment","volume":"2014 ","pages":"839890"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4033505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32394425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0