The American journal of sociology最新文献

{"title":"A Hindu marriage in Bengal.","authors":"D N MITRA","doi":"10.1086/219991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/219991","url":null,"abstract":"Negotiations for marriages in a Bengali Hindu family start either directly or indirectly. In the former case a party of friends and relatives acting in behalf of a boy and one in behalf of a girl approach each other, usually through common friends and relatives; in the latter case, marriagebrokers or matchmakers-men and women -are engaged. The former are called ghataks and the latter ghatkis in Bengali. Both ghataks and ghatkis are usually illiterate and belong to the lower strata of society. There are, however, a few respectable and literate ghataks. These matchmakers supply information about a few boys to the guardian of a girl and about a few girls to the guardian of a boy; and, in most cases, they bring together both the parties. A few offices or organizations are also in existence for the negotiations of marriages; and, like the marriage-brokers, they put the guardians of the boys and girls in touch with each other. In all these cases, out-of-pocket expenses are to be paid; and, in the event of a successful negotiation, a certain fee or honorarium must also be paid. Matrimonial advertisements have been of late very much in vogue; and they are very interesting to read.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"52 3","pages":"255-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/219991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28820849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The social conscience and the family.","authors":"C C ZIMMERMAN","doi":"10.1086/219993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/219993","url":null,"abstract":"Facing crises like those of the present, neither the Greek nor the Roman civilization was able to survive. The modern Western world, unlike its cultural predecessors, has developed the essentials of a system of familial values and preserved them despite their detachment from the real situation. If the family is to endure, the literate minority must assume responsibility for inculcating family doctrine in the social conscience of the masses.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"52 3","pages":"263-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/219993","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28820851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human fertility in India.","authors":"K DAVIS","doi":"10.1086/219990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/219990","url":null,"abstract":"India's population problem might be solved if her traditionally high fertility could be reduced. The present analysis assesses the possibility of such a reduction in the next two or three decades. The birth rate in the past shows no definite downward trend. The rural-urban differential shows no increase in the gap between city and country. A study of religious and caste differentials according to social status, occupation, and literacy shows no displacement of institutional by deliberate controls. No downward trend is imminent under present conditions.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"52 3","pages":"243-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/219990","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28820848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptions of parenthood.","authors":"E M DUVALL","doi":"10.1086/219984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/219984","url":null,"abstract":"Mothers selected to represent various subcultures in the Midwest were queried in group tests and individual interviews on their ideas of parenthood. Mothers of lower social classes, Negroes, and those with older children tend to have more traditional conceptions than do mothers of higher status, white mothers, and those with younger children. Conversely, developmental conceptions tend to be most frequent among those of the upper classes, white mothers, and those with younger children. Some conceptions are common to all groups studied.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"52 3","pages":"193-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/219984","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28820842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Married women in the labor force.","authors":"J D DURAND","doi":"10.1086/219987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/219987","url":null,"abstract":"The proportion of married women working for pay has been increasing in the United States for more than half a century. This trend is related to the secular decline of the birth rate, but other factors have been chiefly responsible for declining fertility. The proportion of married women in the labor force is likely to increase still more. One consequence will probably be a depressing of the birth rate, but the fertility trend will be governed chiefly by other developments. Public policy regarding the employment of married women, if any, should take into account the economic advantage of their employment, and should not be based solely on a consideration of the possible effect upon fertility.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"52 3","pages":"217-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/219987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28820845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The American family; consensus and freedom.","authors":"M P REDFIELD","doi":"10.1086/219981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/219981","url":null,"abstract":"The American family has been both criticized and lauded; it has not really been studied as a culture-making institution. When the concept of culture is applied to the analysis of the character and function of the family, it appears that in American family life today there is a decrease in the practices which create consensus and a moral order and an increase in individual freedom and disorganization. Both ideals of freedom and consensus need realization.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"52 3","pages":"175-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28820840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hindu wife.","authors":"D N MITRA","doi":"10.1086/219992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/219992","url":null,"abstract":"I was married on August 4, I9I4. (Mark the date please.) My wife was then about fifteen years of age and I was about twentyfive. She died on March I3, I945. We, therefore, spent about thirty-one years of married life together. According to our custom I had no opportunity of meeting her before our marriage. My father and my two elder brothers selected her for me. A friend of mine, however, accompanied them and I got from him some idea about her appearance. And that was considered enough for me in those days. My mother was not alive then, and the opinion of the other women of the family was, therefore, not seriously sought in the negotiation. We met each other for the first time on the night of our marriage but, strictly speaking, that was a meeting of the \"four eyes\" only. Though we spent the whole night in the Basar Ghar after the marriage there was no conversation between us. In the presence of the other women in the room (and that is the custom) she felt too shy to talk to me and I felt the same way. Our first meeting, therefore, took place in our house on the third night of the marriage, i.e., on the night of the Ful Sajya. The bride stayed in our family on this occasion for about a week or so, as is the general custom. As a bow (bride) she had to be very cautious about her movements, her conversation with others, and even about her own comforts and conveniences. She was required to wear a veil almost all day. In every respect she was supposed to act according to the instructions of the elder women of the family. And she had not even the freedom to talk to her own people when they visited her, without the sanction of the authorities. She was escorted everywhereeven from one room to another. In a word, a bow has to undergo a \"jail\" life during this period. And she is considered an ideal bow if she looks up to the \"jailer\" and obeys her instructions in the minutest details. My wife adapted herself wonderfully, as other brides do, to the new environment and acted as the \"most obedient servant\" to all-old and young-in the family. And, naturally, she became a favorite with all, especially with my father who, having selected her, took a special pride in such a good-natured bow. I had practically no opportunity of meeting her during the day because, according to the agelong custom, that would have been regarded as shameful behavior both on her part and on mine. I had to wait until about midnight, when she would stealthily come to my room, avoiding the eyes of all then awake. Similarly she had to leave the room very early in the morning, before anybody else was awake. The later a bow retires and the earlier she rises and comes out of her bedroom, the higher will be her reputation. Considering her age, she was a fully developed girl with plenty of common sense, humor, and zest. She knew Bengali well and possessed a fair knowledge of the world about her. She was familiar with all the household work of a Bengali Hindu family, and with music too. But musi","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"52 3","pages":"259-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/219992","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28820850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current folkways of sexual behavior.","authors":"A L PORTERFIELD, H E SALLEY","doi":"10.1086/219986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/219986","url":null,"abstract":"Data are shown as grounds for hypotheses concerning the current folkways of sexual behavior. These are, first, the older sex mores are breaking down; and, second, it is consequently, increasingly difficult to define sex delinquency, and perhaps meaningless to try to do so, except in certain types of behavior involving cruelty and exploitation.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"52 3","pages":"209-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/219986","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28820844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ideal and the chosen mate.","authors":"A STRAUSS","doi":"10.1086/219985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/219985","url":null,"abstract":"A marked resemblance was found between the personality traits of ideal mate and actual mate; physical traits were not so closely associated. Traits of race, faith, and social-economic-educational status in the ideal may serve to eliminate prospective mates. Processes whereby ideal influences choice are indicated. Parent-images and the needs of personality may also influence choice of mate.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"52 3","pages":"204-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/219985","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28820843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimates of the future number of families.","authors":"P C GLICK","doi":"10.1086/219989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/219989","url":null,"abstract":"During the two years between July, 1946, and July, 1948, the number of families in the United States is expected to increase from about 38,175,000 to 40,025,000, a growth of 1,850,000 families, as compared with a growth of 1,000,000 families which would be normal for the period, and a growth of only 600,000 families in 1943 and 1944. After mid-1948 family increase is expected to approach normal. However, only about 400,000 families may be added annually during the 1950's, when children born in the depression will be reaching the age of marriage.","PeriodicalId":86247,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of sociology","volume":"52 3","pages":"235-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1086/219989","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28820847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}