Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)最新文献

{"title":"Willingness to Take a Free Home HIV Test and Associated Factors among Internet-Using Men Who Have Sex with Men.","authors":"Akshay Sharma, Patrick S Sullivan, Christine M Khosropour","doi":"10.1177/1545109711404946","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1545109711404946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Online HIV prevention studies have been limited in their ability to obtain biological specimens to measure study outcomes. We describe factors associated with willingness of men who have sex with men (MSM) to take a free home HIV test as part of an online HIV prevention study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between March and April 2009, we interviewed 6163 HIV-negative MSM and assessed the willingness to test for HIV infection using a home collection kit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Men reported being very likely (3833; 62%) or likely (1236; 20%) to accept a home HIV test as part of an online HIV prevention study. The odds of being willing to home test were higher for men who were offered incentives of $10 or $25, were black, had unprotected anal intercourse in the past 12 months, and were unaware of their HIV status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Home testing offered as part of online HIV prevention research is acceptable overall and in important subgroups of high-risk MSM.</p>","PeriodicalId":86092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)","volume":"10 6","pages":"357-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3237754/pdf/nihms328922.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29844917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Sonographic Assessments and Clinical Questionnaire in the Diagnosis of HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy.","authors":"Dario José Hart Pontes Signorini,&nbsp;Ana Maria Schmidt de Oliveira Netto,&nbsp;Sergio Gabbay,&nbsp;Michelle Carreira Miranda Monteiro,&nbsp;Dario Hart Signorini,&nbsp;Marion de Fátima Castro de Andrade,&nbsp;Francisco I Bastos,&nbsp;Cláudia Torres Codeço","doi":"10.1177/1545109711399660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1545109711399660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study evaluated the use of sonographic measurements as an alternative to assessments based on clinical or other imaging techniques for the diagnosis of body-fat abnormalities. The study enrolled 179 HIV-infected patients, 81 (45.3%) of them diagnosed as lipodystrophy (LD)-positive based on a clinical standard questionnaire. Association between clinical LD and sonographic measurements of face, right upper limb, subcutaneous abdomen, and visceral compartments was evaluated by multiple logistic regression. The predicted probability of the logistic model was 0.64, corresponding to a maximum sensitivity of 69.1% (58%-79%), a specificity of 94.9% (88%-98%), and to positive and negative predictive values of 92% (82%-97%) and 79% (70%-86%), respectively. Kappa measure of concordance was 65% (54%-77%). Low sensitivity poses a problem for the use of sonography to detect LD in the clinical routine as a single exam, speaking in favor of the combined use of clinical and sonographic measurements over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":86092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)","volume":"10 6","pages":"351-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1545109711399660","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29841442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to Special Section on HIV/AIDS and Substance Use in the Caribbean (Part 2): The Influence of Mobility and Environmental Conditions.","authors":"Rhonda Rosenberg,&nbsp;Robert M Malow,&nbsp;Jessy G Dévieux","doi":"10.1177/1545109711424875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1545109711424875","url":null,"abstract":"A recent experiment by Jaag and Nagy involving an RNA plant virus and yeast as a model host elegantly demonstrates how the interaction of environmental and host factors can dramatically influence RNA recombination, and thus the dynamism and complexity of infection and its pathways over time. In their experiment, the regulation of RNA recombination in the tomato bushy stunt virus is shown to be affected by both host factors in yeast and salt stress. This experimental illustration of a virus as a species existing in a host and consequently in a micro-and macro-ecosystem—the organism and its wider environment—is a basic fact still being absorbed in HIV prevention research. It is reflective of the explosion of research in recent years on the relationship between HIV pathogenesis and the lipid system of the human body—after distant years of trailblazing on the subject by researchers like Aloia et al. The interaction of HIV with cellular lipids has long been implicated in viral entry and assembly. Alcohol use, aging, environmental factors and HIV have all been shown to affect lipid metabolism. Aside from therapeutic possibilities, this fieldwork in the lipid membrane is instructive for how it elevates the strategic importance of studying HIV as a species within an ecosystem. For the lipid membrane is a meeting place for human host and pathogen that perfectly captures for the human imagination, the interwoven networks of interaction and communication that HIV traverses among the body’s cellular components. These components are all encompassing, and include lipids, carbohydrates, enzymes, receptors, nucleic acids, and more. Jaag and Nagy characterize viruses as ‘‘masters of evolution,’’ pointing out the exceptional capacity of RNA viruses to incessantly reinvent and repair themselves through RNA recombination. But HIV is a very special type of RNA virus: a retrovirus. A specific enzyme, reverse transcriptase, catalyzes the conversion of HIV’s RNA genome into a DNA copy of itself, which then has the ability, as explained by Robert Gallo, ‘‘to move from the centre of the cell, the cytoplasm, into the nucleus of the cell, where it integrates into the chromosomal DNA of our cells that it infects.’’ This ability ‘‘to move’’ has extensive ramifications, in which HIV can subsequently move through the generations of cells in our body, meaning that an individual is understood to be infected forever, and our species is affected for generations and likely eons. Thus, as a retrovirus, HIV is a master of mobility—able to exploit molecular, cellular, and also behavioral and social agents of mobility in the human organism and species. HIV behavioral prevention researchers have been principally concerned with the role of the latter two agents of mobility in shaping HIV transmission and risk of infection. As McMichael has emphasized, major shifts in human behavior and social commerce likely facilitated the breakout of HIV from the individual to population level:","PeriodicalId":86092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)","volume":"10 5","pages":"303-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1545109711424875","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30268716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of Renal Function among HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Tenofovir in a Resource-Limited Setting.","authors":"Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul,&nbsp;Kessarin Chaisiri,&nbsp;Narat Kasettratat,&nbsp;Pinyo Visuttimak,&nbsp;Chureeratana Bowonwatanuwong","doi":"10.1177/1545109711406735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1545109711406735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is supposed to be increased in a resource-limited setting due to the changing of the guidelines. TDF-associated renal function declines among HIV-infected patients were defined by an increase of serum creatinine (SCr) >1.5 times, a 25% decrease in calculated creatinine clearance (CCrCl), or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from the baseline. Of all, 99% were antiretroviral treatment (ART)-experienced patients. At the 30th month, 19 (5.3%), 53 (14.9%), and 63 (17.7%) patients had renal function decline as defined by the above criteria with an incidence of 4.5, 12.5, and 14.6/100 person-year. A proportion of patients with a renal function decline detected by CCrCl or eGFR criteria was not different (P = .301), whereas, it differed from that detected by SCr criteria (P < .001). In conclusion, we encourage either CCrCl or eGFR calculations in monitoring renal function decline among HIV-infected patients receiving TDF in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":86092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)","volume":" ","pages":"297-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1545109711406735","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40105264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focus on youth in the Caribbean: beyond the numbers.","authors":"Lynette Deveaux, Sonja Lunn, Rosa Mae Bain, Perry Gomez, Tanya Kelly, Nanika Brathwaite, Glenda Russell-Rolle, Xiaoming Li, Bonita Stanton","doi":"10.1177/1545109710397367","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1545109710397367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the 1990s, an interdisciplinary group including pediatricians, anthropologists, health educators, psychologists, and statisticians developed and evaluated an HIV prevention intervention targeting early adolescents living in public housing developments in the USA. The intervention, \"Focus on Kids,\" (FOK) was effective in reducing risk behaviors, intentions, and perceptions and ultimately was included in the Center for Disease Control's portfolio of effective adolescent programs, \"Programs that Work.\" Learning about FOK and concerned about the need for a structured program to address high rates of teen pregnancy and risk for HIV, professionals from the Ministries of Health of The Bahamas approached the researchers about collaborating to develop a program for Bahamian youth. A partnership developed which has spanned over a decade and led to the development of an intervention program targeting Bahamian children in grade six, a 10-session adolescent HIV prevention program entitled \"Focus on Youth in the Caribbean\" (FOYC). Two programs including a video and parent discussion were developed for their parents. Caribbean Informed Parents and Children Together (CImPACT) emphasizes the importance of parent-child communication about sexuality and \"Goal for It\" (GFI) emphasizes the importance of planning ahead. The US-Bahamian team evaluated these interventions through a randomized, controlled 3-celled longitudinal trial (36 months follow-up) involving 15 elementary schools in The Bahamas. The programs have been shown to be effective. This article describes the context in which the epidemic occurred, events leading up to the collaboration and the issues, decisions, processes, and relationships that we have developed that have allowed it to succeed.</p>","PeriodicalId":86092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)","volume":"10 5","pages":"316-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3128882/pdf/nihms283529.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29763638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Resolution of Viral Breakthrough after Changing HIV Viral Load Assay.","authors":"Karam M Obeid,&nbsp;Preethi Sural,&nbsp;Susan Szpunar,&nbsp;Leonard B Johnson","doi":"10.1177/1545109711399919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1545109711399919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Viral load (VL) measurement assays differ in their sensitivity with polymerase chain reaction assays (PCR) being more sensitive than branched DNA (bDNA) assays. We evaluated virologic outcomes of patients and physicians' response to increased VL after a switch from bDNA to PCR assay.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Retrospective, case-control study on 65 HIV+ patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Cases included patients with undetectable VL by bDNA that became detectable after the switch; controls were patients that remained undetectable. Records were reviewed up to 1 year after the switch.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 58.5% patients had detectable VL after the switch. Repeat VL testing and resistance testing were ordered in 15.4% and 23.1% of these patients, respectively. By 1 year, VL was undetectable in 82.8% of cases and 92% of controls (P = .30), without change in HAART.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Transient viremia after changing VL assay reflects the different sensitivity of these assays with no impact on patients' outcomes compared to controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":86092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)","volume":"10 5","pages":"287-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1545109711399919","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29788985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Dominican Republic: Key Contributing Factors.","authors":"Patria Rojas,&nbsp;Robert Malow,&nbsp;Beverly Ruffin,&nbsp;Eugenio M Rothe,&nbsp;Rhonda Rosenberg","doi":"10.1177/1545109710397770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1545109710397770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews HIV/AIDS epidemiological data and recent research conducted in the Dominican Republic, with a focus on explaining the variability in estimated seroincidence and prevalence within the country. HIV seroprevalence estimates range from 1.0% (in the general population) to 11.0% among men who have sex with men (MSM). Some have indicated that the highest HIV seroprevalence occurs in Haitian enclaves called bateyes (US Agency for International Development [USAID], 2008), which are migrant worker shantytowns primarily serving the sugar industry in the Dominican Republic. Others report higher or comparable rates to the bateyes in areas related to the tourism and sex industries. As in other Caribbean and Latin American countries, reported HIV transmission in the Dominican Republic is predominantly due to unprotected heterosexual sex and the infection rate has been increasing disproportionally among women. The Dominican Republic represents two thirds of the Hispaniola island; the western one third is occupied by Haiti, the nation with the highest HIV prevalence in the western hemisphere. Although data is limited, it shows important differences in seroprevalence and incidence between these two countries, but commonalities such as poverty, gender inequalities, and stigma appear to be pivotal factors driving the epidemic. This article will discuss these and other factors that may contribute to the HIV epidemic in the Dominican Republic, as well as highlight the gaps in the literature and provide recommendations to guide further work in this area, particularly in the role of governance in sustainable HIV prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":86092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)","volume":"10 5","pages":"306-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1545109710397770","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29710337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standard of Care for Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Retention in Care from the Perspective of Care Providers Attending the 5th International Conference on HIV Treatment Adherence.","authors":"K Rivet Amico","doi":"10.1177/1545109711406734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1545109711406734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize standard clinical care for antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and retention in HIV-care support strategies among care providers attending the 2010 5th International Conference on HIV Treatment Adherence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A brief survey was included in conference packets, covering adherence monitoring and support strategies and retention in care strategies used in standard clinical care.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 51 attendees returned surveys, representing clinical care provided to over 25 000 patients. Common adherence support strategies used included individual/group counseling, case management/systems navigation, and pillbox organizers. Common retention strategies were transportation assistance, reminder calls, and system navigation support.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This small sample, likely representative of higher end quality adherence and retention care, suggests that strategies for monitoring/promoting these behaviors are well-recognized as important and diversely addressed. With most respondents feeling that improvements are needed, the potential for collaborative efforts between practice and research communities that emphasize practice-based evidence and better dissemination and implementation of research are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":86092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)","volume":"10 5","pages":"291-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1545109711406734","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29871965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of immune reconstitution syndrome to disseminated histoplasmosis.","authors":"Halima Dawood","doi":"10.1177/1545109711408316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1545109711408316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Histoplasmosis is an uncommon cause of hepatosplenomegaly in South Africa. A case of immune reconstitution syndrome (IRS) to disseminated histoplasmosis in a patient presented to a tertiary hospital in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa, is described.</p>","PeriodicalId":86092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)","volume":" ","pages":"277-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1545109711408316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40093330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid to Cytology in Detection of Precancerous Lesions of the Cervix in HIV-Infected Cambodian Women.","authors":"Kruy Lim,&nbsp;Autumn Davidson,&nbsp;Joseph Harwell,&nbsp;Sovannara Thay,&nbsp;Lori A Boardman,&nbsp;Edward Feller,&nbsp;Susan Cu-Uvin","doi":"10.1177/1545109710390216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1545109710390216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare Papanicolaou (Pap) smear readings to visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) findings among HIV-infected women in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 304 HIV-infected women presenting to the women's clinic at the Community Resource Center in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, were screened for cervical cancer by both Pap smear and VIA. The results of the 2 tests were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Complete data were available on 293 women. In all, 55 (19%) women screened positive on VIA; 25 (8.5%) women screened positive by Pap. Visual inspection with acetic acid detected 18 of the 25 patients with abnormal cytology and was normal in 7 women with abnormal cytology. A total of 37 (67%) women with positive VIA were negative by cytology.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study shows a reasonable correlation between VIA and Pap smear, with VIA detecting more abnormalities than cytology. In the absence of Pap smear availability, VIA may be a reasonable cervical cancer screening method for HIV-infected women in Cambodia.</p>","PeriodicalId":86092,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (Chicago, Ill. : 2002)","volume":"10 5","pages":"283-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1545109710390216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29763640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}