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Acute amnesia in MS revisited. 对多发性硬化症急性健忘症的重新研究。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2009-09-01
A J Larner, C A Young
{"title":"Acute amnesia in MS revisited.","authors":"A J Larner,&nbsp;C A Young","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although cognitive problems in multiple sclerosis (MS) are increasingly recognized, acute amnesia in MS appears to be very rare. Hence, this presentation should always prompt consideration of other diagnoses. Nonetheless, as illustrated by the following case report, acute onset of demyelinating disease with the clinical phenotype of amnesia may on occasion be the presenting feature of MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"16 3","pages":"102-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28478277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
19th meeting of the European Neurological Society 20 to 24 June 2009. 欧洲神经学会第19次会议，2009年6月20日至24日。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2009-09-01
Ioannis Milonas
{"title":"19th meeting of the European Neurological Society 20 to 24 June 2009.","authors":"Ioannis Milonas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Around 3000 delegates took part in the 19th Meeting of the European Neuroligical Society (ENS) and all sessions were well attended. All aspects of Neurology were covered in the comprehensive programme which included one presidential symposium on stroke, three main symposia on epilepsy, muscle disorders and multiple sclerosis (MS), 140 oral presentations, 654 posters, 23 workshops and 23 teaching courses. Multiple Sclerosis was well represented with one symposium, 20 oral presentations, 103 posters, two teaching courses and two workshops. Overall 23 percent of the submitted abstracts were rejected.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"16 3","pages":"105-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28478278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
observational studies: propensity score analysis of non-randomized data. 观察性研究:非随机数据的倾向评分分析。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2009-09-01
M Trojano, F Pellegrini, D Paolicelli, A Fuiani, V Di Renzo
{"title":"observational studies: propensity score analysis of non-randomized data.","authors":"M Trojano,&nbsp;F Pellegrini,&nbsp;D Paolicelli,&nbsp;A Fuiani,&nbsp;V Di Renzo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is considered to be the \"gold standard\" for providing evidence on drug efficacy. However, particularly for answering long-term questions in chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), RCTs are often not feasible because of their size, duration, ethical constraints and costs. Data derived from observational studies complement information provided by RCTs. A major issue is that observational studies are more exposed and prone to biases, which can partly be addressed through rigorous study design or statistical analysis. Propensity score (PS) techniques are the most frequently used. PS is the probability that an individual would receive a certain treatment based on his/her pretreatment characteristics. This score is being widely used in many therapeutic areas and also in MS to adjust for the uncontrolled assignment of treatment in observational studies. However, since PS cannot adjust for unmeasured or unknown confounders, the conclusions from an observational study may not be considered as strong as those from RCTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"16 3","pages":"90-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28478275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Robert Carswell: the first illustrator of MS. 罗伯特·卡斯韦尔:微软的第一位插画师。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2009-09-01
T J Murray
{"title":"Robert Carswell: the first illustrator of MS.","authors":"T J Murray","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first illustration of multiple sclerosis (MS) was by a young Scottish physician and artist, Dr Robert Carswell. Recognized as a talented illustrator by his teachers, he was encouraged to create an anatomy and pathology atlas. He spent years in the hospitals and mortuaries of Paris and Lyon painting watercolours and pen and ink drawings of patients and post mortem preparations. Of the 1034 paintings, 99 are of the brain and spinal cord and Plate 4, figure 4.4 in the atlas (Figure 2), is of MS. Carswell indicated he saw two examples of this pathology, but had not examined either patient, but illustrated one of them. We know little about the clinical history other than that the patient was paralyzed. About 200 of the atlases were printed, and it is still regarded as one of the greatest and most beautiful of all medical books. Carswell was appointed as the first Professor of Anatomy at the North London Hospital, later renamed the University College Hospital UK, where the original copy of his great atlas is archived. Due to ill health he resigned after a few years to reside in the healthier air outside Brussels, Belgium. He was appointed physician to King Leopold, but was also noted for his care of the poor. Queen Victoria knighted him for his care of King Louis Philippe of France when he was in exile. Although English journals did not note his passing at the age of 64 years, his great atlas remains as his memorial.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"16 3","pages":"98-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28478276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Optic neuritis: a review. 视神经炎:综述。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2009-09-01
P N Shams, G T Plant
{"title":"Optic neuritis: a review.","authors":"P N Shams,&nbsp;G T Plant","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute demyelinating optic neuritis (ON) is the initial presentation in approximately 20% of cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) and is characterized by unilateral, subacute, painful visual loss without systemic or neurological symptoms. The Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) has provided valuable insights into both the natural history and clinical course of demyelinating ON with respect to treatment. Visual function improves spontaneously over weeks and within 12 months 93% have recovered to a visual acuity of at least 20/40. Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids may accelerate visual recovery, but has little impact on long-term visual outcome. In the ONTT the 10-year risk of recurrence of demyelinating ON was 35%. The presence of white matter lesions on the initial magnetic resonance image of the brain has been identified as the strongest predictor for the development of MS. The 15-year risk of developing MS in the ONTT was 25% with no lesions, but 75% with one or more lesions. Since there is evidence of early axonal damage in acute demyelinating ON, disease-modifying drugs should be considered in patients at high risk of developing MS in the future as prophylaxis against permanent neurological impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"16 3","pages":"82-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28478274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spotlight on alemtuzumab. 聚焦阿仑单抗。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2009-09-01
J L Jones, A J Coles
{"title":"Spotlight on alemtuzumab.","authors":"J L Jones, A J Coles","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alemtuzumab, formally known as Campath-1H, is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against CD52, a protein on the surface of lymphocytes and monocytes with unknown function. A single dose of alemtuzumab leads to a rapid, profound and prolonged lymphopenia. A Phase II trial has shown that alemtuzumab reduces the risk of relapse and accumulation of disability by over 70% compared with interferon beta in patients with early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Alemtuzumab has been used in Cambridge as an experimental treatment for MS since 1991. In this review we summarize our experience; describing how this prototypical, \"bench-to-bedside\" therapy continues to inform basic science, revealing aspects of the pathogenesis of MS and lymphopeniaassociated autoimmunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"16 3","pages":"77-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28478273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alemtuzumab. 阿仑单抗。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2009-09-01
D Bates
{"title":"Alemtuzumab.","authors":"D Bates","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When the CAMMS 223 trial was formally reported in the New England Journal of Medicine in October of 2008, huge interest was generated in the media, among people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their relatives and friends. The suggestion that a therapy Campath-1H (now known as alemtuzumab) was available which surpassed the effectiveness of current standard treatments, provided by infusions given at yearly intervals or even less frequently and which appeared to reduce the accumulation of disability was hailed in the lay press as virtually a 'cure'. The paper in this edition of the journal (Spotlight on Alemtuzumab, page 77) provides a more realistic account of alemtuzumab, describing the Cambridge experience, tracking the history of Campath-1H, one of the oldest humanized monoclonal antibodies, from its origin in the laboratory to its future licensing in the clinical management of people with MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"16 3","pages":"75-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28497090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MS: is it one disease? 迈克尔-舒马赫:这是一种疾病吗?
International MS journal Pub Date : 2009-06-01
M M Esiri
{"title":"MS: is it one disease?","authors":"M M Esiri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the molecular pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is crucial to interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging appearances in the disease and to developing new therapies. The pathology of MS has always been recognized to be heterogeneous, with the basis of this heterogeneity being hitherto largely attributed to differences in the age of lesions. However, one influential group of researchers put forward the suggestion in 2000 that there are four pathological subtypes of MS that are distinct between cases but consistent within cases. Two more recent attempts to replicate this finding have been unsuccessful, as reviewed by Barnett et al. (this issue, pages 57 to 65). This inability to confirm pathological disease subtypes within the MS disease spectrum is in contrast to recent work on neuromyelitis optica--until recently regarded as part of the MS spectrum--in which evidence from a variety of sources has led to the rapid, widespread acceptance that this condition is indeed distinct from MS. It is important to resolve the outstanding controversies in MS immunopathology and one way to do this might be to conduct a consensus study, a method that has proved valuable in bringing better consistency to the reporting of Alzheimers disease pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"16 2","pages":"39-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40026539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MS: is it one disease? 迈克尔-舒马赫:这是一种疾病吗?
International MS journal Pub Date : 2009-06-01
M H Barnett, J D E Parratt, J D Pollard, J W Prineas
{"title":"MS: is it one disease?","authors":"M H Barnett,&nbsp;J D E Parratt,&nbsp;J D Pollard,&nbsp;J W Prineas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuropathological studies of early multiple sclerosis (MS) tissue have shaped prevailing views of the pathogenesis of the disease. The hallmark of the acute MS lesion, inflammatory demyelination, has been largely accepted as evidence of a macrophage-mediated attack on normal myelin, driven by perivascular and parenchymal autoreactive CD4+ Th1 cells primed in the periphery by an unknown self or foreign antigen(s). Predicated largely upon comparisons with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, this paradigm has, in recent years, been recognized as a simplification of the events that constitute and perhaps presage lesion formation in the human disease; and the importance of the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, humoral factors, cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells and regulatory T-cells has been emphasized. An influential series of publications by one group, based on histopathological examination of actively demyelinating lesions in selected autopsy and biopsy MS tissue, defined four early lesion subtypes. In a given individual, these subtypes were reported to be mutually exclusive, suggesting that disparate pathogenetic pathways separate patients with clinically indistinguishable syndromes. This schema, which has considerable therapeutic implications, has not been independently verified and has recently been questioned by the finding of a uniform pre-phagocytic pathology and overlap of lesion subtypes in individual patients with typical relapsing and remitting disease. The latter findings would suggest that the heterogeneous features observed in active MS lesions sampled at different time-points are a reflection of the evolution of a single pathophysiological process, perhaps modified in part by genetic factors in individual cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"16 2","pages":"57-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40026543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MS Forum Workshop: looking ahead: advances in multiple sclerosis in the next decade. 多发性硬化症论坛研讨会:展望:未来十年多发性硬化症的进展。
International MS journal Pub Date : 2009-06-01
M Clanet, G C Ebers
{"title":"MS Forum Workshop: looking ahead: advances in multiple sclerosis in the next decade.","authors":"M Clanet,&nbsp;G C Ebers","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":86075,"journal":{"name":"International MS journal","volume":"16 2","pages":"67-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40026542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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