Australian dental journal最新文献

{"title":"Generative AI in Clinical Dental Education: Balancing Innovation With Academic Integrity Through Teacher-Centric Implementation.","authors":"Khaled E Ahmed, Michael F Burrow","doi":"10.1111/adj.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming dental education, presenting simultaneous opportunities and challenges to academic integrity, assessment validity and clinical competency development. Faculty perspectives, the most critical yet understudied determinant of successful implementation, remain insufficiently addressed in the current literature. A narrative review of published evidence examining generative AI in dental education was conducted, with particular emphasis on faculty perspectives, assessment redesign, clinical applications, as well as ethical and regulatory frameworks applicable to the Australian context. Evidence reveals widespread gaps in faculty AI knowledge and pedagogical readiness, underscoring the need for comprehensive faculty development. Traditional assessment approaches demonstrate significant vulnerabilities to AI assistance, necessitating a fundamental redesign toward authentic evaluation of competencies that AI cannot or finds very difficult to replicate. If an AI system lacking clinical training, manual dexterity or patient interaction experience can pass examinations meant to ensure practice-readiness, the question is not how such use might be detected but what competencies those assessments are measuring, and this question should drive the choices made about assessment and its associated learning activities. Clinical integration offers genuine diagnostic and simulation benefits but risks over-reliance and deskilling without structured implementation. Australian regulatory guidance provides actionable frameworks for responsible adoption. Successful AI integration requires systematic, phased approaches that prioritise faculty readiness, inclusion of its use as an adjunctive tool, redesign of assessments to evaluate authentic clinical performance, safeguard manual competency development, and uphold ethical principles consistent with Australian professional standards, whilst remaining adaptable as AI capability continues to evolve.</p>","PeriodicalId":8593,"journal":{"name":"Australian dental journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Science Becomes a Commodity: Publication Inflation in Dental Research.","authors":"Mohammed Turky, Paul M H Dummer","doi":"10.1111/adj.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.70070","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8593,"journal":{"name":"Australian dental journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148918337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Systems in Prosthodontics: Current Applications and Challenges.","authors":"Marjorie Faure, Catherine Millet, Raphael Richert, Rata Rokhshad, Faleh Tamimi, Maxime Ducret","doi":"10.1111/adj.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The rapid development of artificial intelligence systems (AIS) in prosthodontics requires an overview of their applications, capabilities, opportunities and challenges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review provides insights into AIS in prosthodontics and their applications. AI systems were classified into five main categories: (1) automated image handling and annotation; (2) classification and decision support; (3) visualisation and modelling; (4) optimisation and simulation; and (5) recording and communication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These AIS in prosthodontics can be used to delineate restorative margins in computer-aided design and manufacturing workflows, digital restoration design to generate crown proposals from intraoral scanning data, or conversational interfaces to provide clear, accessible and personalised explanations to patients. These systems offer significant capabilities, such as in diagnostic and treatment planning support, optimisation of prosthetic design, improved efficiency of digital workflows and enhanced patient communication. However, important challenges must be considered including the risk of automation bias, the lack of system transparency and explainability, issues related to equity and data protection and the ethical and medico-legal uncertainties surrounding accountability in the event of treatment failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These systems offer significant capabilities in prosthodontics, but important challenges must be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":8593,"journal":{"name":"Australian dental journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Digital Impressions: The Positives and the Pitfalls.","authors":"Andrew Keeling","doi":"10.1111/adj.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital impressions are now central to contemporary dental workflows, driven by advances in CAD/CAM manufacturing and intraoral scanning technologies. In parallel, rapid progress in artificial intelligence (AI)-particularly deep learning-has led to its widespread integration into digital impression systems. AI already provides tangible clinical benefits, including real-time artefact removal, improved scan stitching, and more efficient three-dimensional data acquisition. However, these same techniques introduce new risks, most notably the silent modification or completion of scan data in regions of low confidence. Such inferred geometry may appear anatomically plausible while no longer representing a faithful record of the patient. This article examines where AI currently enhances digital impression accuracy and efficiency, and where it may compromise clinical validity. By distinguishing between beneficial data filtering and potentially misleading data inference, the aim is to support clinicians in making informed decisions and maintaining appropriate scrutiny of AI-assisted digital impressions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8593,"journal":{"name":"Australian dental journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Sleep Disturbances and Non-Odontogenic Orofacial Pain and Its Impact on Quality of Life: A Systematic Review With Narrative Synthesis.","authors":"Jainy Shah, Sneha Sethi, Brianna Poirier, Giampiero Rossi-Fedele","doi":"10.1111/adj.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/adj.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-odontogenic orofacial pain (OFP) is a common presentation in oral medicine and frequently co-occurs with sleep disturbances. Health-related and oral health-related quality of life (HRQoL/OHRQoL) are clinically meaningful outcomes; however, the relationship between sleep disturbances and quality of life (QoL) across non-odontogenic OFP conditions has not been comprehensively synthesised. This systematic review investigated the relationship between sleep disturbances and non-odontogenic OFP in adults and assessed their impact on HRQoL and OHRQoL. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL Ultimate were searched from inception to November 2025. Eligible studies included adults with non-odontogenic OFP, assessed sleep disturbance using validated or self-reported measures, and reported QoL outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Due to heterogeneity, results were synthesised narratively. Nine studies were included, encompassing temporomandibular disorders, burning mouth syndrome, painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy, and other chronic non-odontogenic OFP conditions. Across studies, poorer sleep was consistently associated with reduced QoL, including lower vitality, impaired daily functioning, greater emotional distress and increased pain-related interference. Sleep disturbances were consistently associated with reduced HRQoL/OHRQoL in adults with non-odontogenic OFP. Sleep disturbances are frequently reported in adults with non-odontogenic orofacial pain and are associated with meaningful reductions in both health-related and oral health-related quality of life. This review highlights the importance of considering sleep as a clinically relevant component of the assessment of chronic orofacial pain conditions, including temporomandibular disorders, burning mouth syndrome and painful post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathy. Incorporating routine enquiry regarding sleep may facilitate identification of patients with greater functional, psychological, and pain-related burden, supporting a more comprehensive biopsychosocial approach to patient management. Recognition of sleep-related impairment may also assist clinical decision-making, improve communication with patients, and support timely interdisciplinary referral where indicated. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO Registration: CRD420251071445.</p>","PeriodicalId":8593,"journal":{"name":"Australian dental journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marginal and Internal Fit, Surface Roughness and Fracture Resistance of Hybrid Dental Crown Materials Fabricated With Milling and 3D-Printing Systems: An In Vitro Study","authors":"Abdullah M. Al-Rifai,&nbsp;Ahed Al-Wahadni,&nbsp;Abedelmalek Tabanjah","doi":"10.1111/adj.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adj.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated the marginal and internal fit, surface roughness and fracture resistance of three hybrid crown materials fabricated using milling and 3D-printing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A maxillary premolar typodont tooth was prepared and scanned to produce 30 cobalt-chromium dies through selective laser melting 3D printing. Thirty crowns were fabricated from two milled materials (Vita Enamic; Cerasmart) and one printed material (Irix Max) (<i>n</i> = 10). Marginal and internal fit were assessed using a three-dimensional superimposition technique, while surface roughness was measured with an optical profilometer. After cementation, specimens underwent thermocycling for 3600 cycles, followed by 720,000 mechanical loading cycles. Fracture resistance was tested using a universal testing machine and failure modes were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No statistically significant differences were observed in marginal fit among the groups. Cerasmart showed significantly higher internal gaps but smoother surfaces than Vita Enamic and Irix Max. Vita Enamic exhibited significantly greater fracture resistance compared to Cerasmart. All failures were catastrophic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All crowns exhibited comparable marginal fit. Cerasmart demonstrated smoother surfaces but inferior internal adaptation and fracture strength, whereas Vita Enamic provided superior mechanical performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8593,"journal":{"name":"Australian dental journal","volume":"71 3","pages":"252-262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Australian and New Zealand Dental Implant Registry: Regulatory Requirements and Registry Development","authors":"S. Soukoulis,&nbsp;S. Davis,&nbsp;A. Goss","doi":"10.1111/adj.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adj.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Therapeutic Goods Administration is responsible for the Regulation of manufacture and supply of all medical devices including dental implants. Medically, the patient is given a ‘Patient Implant Card’ (PIC). It is recommended to monitor the performance of devices in an implant registry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The TGA Regulations were reviewed. The detailed methodology to establish a National Dental Implant Registry is presented and initial analysis performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The placement of dental implants in Australia is not as regulated as other comparable medical devices. Currently the Registry has 43 clinics with 44 participating dental practitioners. The DIR has recorded dental implant related information from 4842 patients with 9429 devices (Australian and New Zealand data). Patients were usually over 60 years of age, more female and more implants were placed in the maxilla. The Australian replacement rate of dental implants was 1.83% and 1.42% for prostheses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Improving the regulatory framework by introducing the issuing of Patient implant cards (PICs) so the specific device information type is transferable and retained long term and establishment of long-term independent monitoring in a Dental Implant Registry, crucial in identifying problems with the aim of improving outcomes for patients and dental professionals should be considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8593,"journal":{"name":"Australian dental journal","volume":"71 3","pages":"242-251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adj.70048","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Surgical Prophylaxis Prescribing for Dentoalveolar Procedures in Australian Hospitals: 2016–2022","authors":"Jane Chen,&nbsp;Marietta Taylor,&nbsp;Rodney James,&nbsp;Karin Thursky,&nbsp;Michael McCullough,&nbsp;Leanne Teoh,&nbsp;Courtney Ierano","doi":"10.1111/adj.70047","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adj.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antimicrobials are an adjunctive therapy in clinical dentistry. In dentoalveolar surgery, antimicrobials are not routinely required for surgical prophylaxis. This retrospective analysis of the Australian Surgical National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (Surgical NAPS) dataset aimed to evaluate the guideline compliance and appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing for dentoalveolar procedures in Australian hospitals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methodology</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Deidentified Surgical NAPS data for dentoalveolar procedures (tooth extractions and implant placements) between 2016 and 2022 were extracted. Procedures outside the scope of a general dentist were excluded. Prescribed antimicrobials for surgical prophylaxis, including procedural prophylaxis doses and post-procedural prescriptions, were assessed for guideline compliance and appropriateness according to the Surgical NAPS algorithm.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>1345 surgical episodes with dental procedures were included. This comprised 1077 procedural prophylaxis doses and 555 post-procedural prescriptions. Of the post-procedural prescriptions, 478 (86%) were for prophylaxis. Guideline compliance was demonstrated in 35.3% of procedural doses and 14.6% of post-procedural prescriptions. Rates of appropriateness were 33.5% for procedural doses and 12.6% for post-procedural prescriptions. Most procedural doses and post-procedural prescriptions were deemed inappropriate as they were not required (72.5% and 93.0%, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Suboptimal guideline compliance and appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for dentoalveolar surgery reinforces the need for antimicrobial stewardship interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8593,"journal":{"name":"Australian dental journal","volume":"71 3","pages":"231-241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adj.70047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147369017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Physical and Mechanical Properties of Short Fibre Reinforced Composite Resins in Direct Restorative Dentistry: A Systematic Review","authors":"Murray Macpherson,&nbsp;Michael Liddell,&nbsp;Touraj Nejatian","doi":"10.1111/adj.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adj.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Short Fibre Reinforced Composite resins may be used to restore odontogenic tissues and have enhanced physical and mechanical properties compared with conventional resins. However, their surface characteristics remain a concern, and this has limited their use as direct dental restorative materials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five published and three grey literature electronic databases were searched in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review identified and assessed studies that examined surface hardness, surface roughness, surface wear, water solubility, water sorption, and surface energy of SFRC resins. Most studies were in vitro (<i>n</i> = 30), and only two clinical trials were identified. Minimal grey literature was found, all originating from manufacturers. The evidence from these studies suggests that matrix composition and fibre characteristics influence surface properties, consistent with findings reported for conventional particle filled composite resins.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The physical and mechanical surface properties of SFRC resins used as direct dental restorative materials appear appropriate and stable in the oral environment; however, long-term clinical studies are needed to confirm this.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8593,"journal":{"name":"Australian dental journal","volume":"71 3","pages":"221-230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adj.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147873068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Point of no Return","authors":"Ivan Darby","doi":"10.1111/adj.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1111/adj.70059","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) through a thorough review of the evidence of various treatment modalities published the steps of periodontal treatment including end points (Sanz M, Herrera D, Kebschull M, et al.; On behalf of the EFP Workshop Participants and Methodological Consultants. Treatment of stage I–III periodontitis—The EFP S3 level clinical practice guideline. &lt;i&gt;J Clin Periodontol&lt;/i&gt;. 2020;47:4–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpe.13290). Interestingly, prior to this there were really no suggestions about what the ‘ideal’ outcome for periodontal therapy should be. Essentially all pockets should be 4 mm and below. This also fits in the current classification's workshop on stable, remission and unstable outcomes (Chapple ILC, Mealey BL, et al. Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. &lt;i&gt;J Periodontol&lt;/i&gt;. 2018;89(Suppl 1):S74–S84. https://doi.org/10.1002/JPER.17-0719). However, evidence would suggest that it is very difficult to meet these goals. So why these end points be met (Aimetti M, Romano F, Costanzo L, De Caroli M, Di Venanzio A, Mariani GM, Baima G. Outcomes of Active Periodontal Therapy in a Specialist University Setting Following EFP S3 Treatment Guideline in Stage III-IV Periodontitis Patients. J Clin Periodontol. 2026 Apr;53(4):562–571. doi:10.1111/jcpe.70087. Epub 2026 Jan 19. PMID: 41554667.). This led to the thought that maybe there is a point of no return beyond which we will not or cannot achieve an ideal outcome in periodontics and by extension across all of dentistry. If we go beyond this point, is it a disaster?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A point of no return in periodontics is obviously the change from gingivitis to periodontitis with bone loss. Once we have bone loss it that it? No. We know that periodontal therapy works very well in mild-to-moderate disease, but less in severe disease. Teeth can be kept for many years even with residual increased probing depths and a large amount of bone loss (Hirschfeld L, Wasserman B. A long-term survey of tooth loss in 600 treated periodontal patients. J Periodontol. 1978 May;49(5):225–37. doi:10.1902/jop.1978.49.5.225. PMID: 277674.). However, regarding meeting EFP standards I would argue that once a mesial or distal furcation is exposed then non-surgical treatment will be unable to reduce probing to under 4 or 5 mm due the niche provided for colonisation and inability to debride well. This is a point of no return. So, should we extract these when we know we will not get probing depths to a level that would suggest stability? Furcation exposure does not mean automatic and sudden tooth loss. There are many factors involved and these teeth can be maintained for many years (Hirschfeld &amp; Wasserman 1978).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are other areas of dentistry that have points of return such as the developm","PeriodicalId":8593,"journal":{"name":"Australian dental journal","volume":"71 3","pages":"219-220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/adj.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}