Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the measurement validity of the Your Experience of Service survey.","authors":"Darryl Maybery, Sarah Cameron, Beatriz Gallo Cordoba, Anton Isaacs, Caroline Lambert, Tim Powers, Andrea Reupert, Sharon Lawn","doi":"10.1177/00048674251369603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674251369603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide critical feedback to public mental health services, Australian governments developed and implemented the Your Experience of Service survey to capture consumers' experiences of mental health care. The grey literature reports several domain structures of the survey, but these neither used data collected during routine service delivery nor have been peer-reviewed. This study sought to confirm a widely used six-domain structure of the Your Experience of Service and examine for other structures, including one informed by the CHIME five-domain framework based on the concept of personal recovery. Personal recovery is considered best mental health service practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consumer-reported Your Experience of Service data for years 2019-21 were obtained from Queensland (<i>n</i> = 8564) and South Australia (<i>n</i> = 2536) Health Departments. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on subsets of data were conducted to determine the best fit domain structure. Means, Cronbach's alphas and correlations were used to examine structure and reliability of the measured factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The four factors, <i>respectful environment, making a difference, providing information and support</i> and <i>supporting active participation of consumers, carers and family</i>, were found to statistically best represent the data sets. The original six domains were partly supported within the four domains however the hypothesised five-factor CHIME personal recovery structure was not supported by the analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight that a four-domain structure be reported in future and illustrate opportunities to improve the Your Experience of Service survey's ability to more accurately measure consumers' experiences with mental health services, including items measuring personal recovery, and therefore maximise its value and utilisation in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"48674251369603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising brain health: Getting ambitious about prevention from midlife.","authors":"Julia M Lappin, Emma M Devenney","doi":"10.1177/00048674251379595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674251379595","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"48674251379595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic mapping of adverse childhood experiences and adolescent suicidal ideation/self-harm in New South Wales, Australia.","authors":"Oliver J Watkeys, Kristin R Laurens, Stacy Tzoumakis, Kimberlie Dean, Felicity Harris, Melissa Mei Yin Cheung, Vaughan J Carr, Melissa J Green","doi":"10.1177/00048674251369628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674251369628","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Rates of suicide, suicidal ideation and self-harm are higher in regional and remote areas of Australia. This study aimed to examine the regional co-occurrence of adolescent suicidal ideation/self-harm and adverse childhood experiences, with consideration of area-based indices of socio-economic disadvantage and remoteness and the availability of mental healthcare professionals in New South Wales (NSW).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 73,883 young people, born between 2002 and 2005, represented in the NSW Child Development Study (NSW-CDS) - a record-linkage study utilising Commonwealth and State government records. Aggregated longitudinal data according to statistical areas of residence were used to geographically map adolescent suicidal ideation/self-harm against prior adverse childhood experiences, socio-economic disadvantage, geographical remoteness and the number of mental healthcare professionals per region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average number of adverse childhood experiences and the proportion of children residing in areas of socio-economic disadvantage and geographical remoteness were strongly associated with the regional incidence of suicidal ideation/self-harm. Associations between the incidence of suicidal ideation/self-harm and the number of mental healthcare professionals in each region were not significant in adjusted models. Young people growing up in regions outside of Greater Sydney, particularly those in north-west NSW, had the greatest exposure to early adverse childhood experiences, the highest proportion residing in socio-economic disadvantaged and geographically remote areas and the highest incidence of adolescent suicidal ideation/self-harm.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings have policy implications for the geographic allocation of resources to prevent self-harm and suicide in young people. Early-life interventions should be aimed at reducing adverse childhood experiences.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"48674251369628"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketamine/esketamine in the treatment of depression with comorbid borderline personality disorder or traits: A systematic review of effectiveness.","authors":"Emma Scott, Don Thomas Thekkuden, Katelyn Kerr, Carla Meurk","doi":"10.1177/00048674251374472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674251374472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is mounting evidence for the use of ketamine/esketamine in the treatment of depression. This paper examines how comorbid borderline personality disorder, or traits, may impact the efficacy of ketamine/esketamine in the treatment of depressive disorders.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of ketamine/esketamine in the treatment of depression where there are comorbid borderline personality disorder/traits.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>MEDLINE, Embase, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched for English language journal articles focusing on the use of ketamine/esketamine to treat depression in patients with comorbid borderline personality disorder/traits. Analysis included study design and intervention, efficacy statistics relating to the treatment of depression, as well as study limitations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine studies (<i>n</i> = 281) were included. Ultimately, patients with depression and comorbid borderline personality disorder/traits were equally likely to respond to ketamine/esketamine as those with depression but without borderline personality disorder/traits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is the first systematic review to assess the effectiveness of ketamine/esketamine in this cohort. Our findings suggest that ketamine/esketamine may be useful in improving symptoms of depression, in those with comorbid borderline personality disorder. Limited study data are available; however, given case reports of suicidal ideation and self-harm following treatment cessation, as well as indications of a higher risk of acute dissociation in individuals with borderline personality disorder, clinicians should exercise caution when using ketamine to treat depression in this population. More data are required including a larger randomised control trial to assess the efficacy and side effects of ketamine/esketamine in this study population. Clinicians should, where available and appropriate, consider offering ketamine/esketamine to patients in this cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"48674251374472"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do the World Health Organization's social determinants of health predict the mental health trajectories of young Australians? A policy-focused analysis.","authors":"Narendar Manohar, Hiroko Fujimoto, Samuel B Harvey, Andrew Mackinnon, Peter A Baldwin","doi":"10.1177/00048674251371368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674251371368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mental health disorders are concerningly high among young people, with one in five beginning in early childhood. This study examined developmental trajectories of internalising and externalising symptoms in young Australians and identified social determinants that best predict these psychiatric symptom trajectories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 5514 children in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were analysed. Group-based trajectory modelling identified symptom trajectories using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores across seven age-points. Multinomial logistic regression models examined associations between social determinants (guided by WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health framework) and trajectory class membership.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5501 children (2718 B-cohort; 2783 K-cohort) were included. Three distinct trajectories were identified for both internalising and externalising symptoms. For internalising symptoms, two groups maintained 'normal' levels, while one exhibited progressively worsening 'abnormal' levels. For externalising symptoms, two groups remained 'normal', while one exhibited persistent 'abnormal' levels despite declining. Key social determinants included socio-economic status, biological sex, maternal depression, hostile/angry parenting, partner violence, maternal smoking and social connections. Population Attributable Fractions suggest that reducing maternal depression, angry parenting and partner violence could prevent up to 40% of abnormal symptom trajectories, while higher socioeconomic position and maternal social connectedness may offer modest protection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nearly 10-15% of adolescents followed abnormal symptom trajectories from early childhood. Reducing maternal depression, angry parenting and partner violence, and enhancing maternal social connectedness could substantially prevent these trajectories. Addressing these social determinants through targeted policies aligned with the WHO-CSDH framework is essential for improving youth mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"48674251371368"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A point prevalence survey of personality disorder in an Australian secondary care mental health service.","authors":"Kayla R Steele, Grace Ang, Andrea Howardova, Clive Stanton","doi":"10.1177/00048674251370088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674251370088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Personality disorder is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed in secondary care settings. This can lead to challenges in accessing appropriate care for patients, and the allocation of resources in these services.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The primary objective was to estimate the rate of personality disorder in a cohort of individuals presenting to a typical urban secondary care mental health service in Australia. The secondary objective was to compare this to the recorded rate of personality disorder diagnosis in this setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was completed for 376 patients (52.7% female, M = 47.26, SD = 16.99, 16-94 years). Data collected included the Standardised Assessment of Personality - Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS), a standardised screening tool for Personality Disorder. Demographic and clinical data included participant age, gender, location, presenting problem, diagnosis, and mortality. Statistical analyses included univariate analyses and the χ² test of independence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the entire sample, 289 participants (76.86%) completed the screening tool, with 214 participants (56.91%) meeting caseness for personality disorder. Comparatively, only 13 participants (3.46%) had a personality disorder diagnosis listed on their electronic medical records. The estimated rate of personality disorder was 16.46 times greater than the recorded rate of personality disorder diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Estimated rate of personality disorder using a brief screening tool was found to be very high in a large urban Australian secondary care mental health service. However, the recorded rate in the same service was found to be very low. The discrepancy found between estimated and recorded rates have potential implications for access to appropriate care and resource allocation in this setting. The results suggest health professionals may benefit from further education and training in the identification and clinical assessment of personality disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"48674251370088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145079634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-traumatic growth and religious coping in Muslims exposed to the March 15 terror attacks in New Zealand: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ben Beaglehole, Joseph M Boden, Richard Porter, Ruqayya Sulaiman-Hill, Fareeha Ali, Shaystah Dean, Zeenah Adam, Sandila Tanveer, Philip J Schluter, Caroline Bell","doi":"10.1177/00048674251374461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674251374461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>On March 15, 2019, a white supremacist attacked two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand causing 51 deaths. The March 15 study was initiated to evaluate the mental health and wellbeing of the affected Muslim community. Given participants shared faith and reported growth through adversity, an evaluation of post-traumatic growth and religious coping was included.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The March 15 study assessed sociodemographic and clinical factors 11-32 months after the shootings. The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory and the Religious Coping Scale were administered. Descriptive statistics were used to report the presence of moderate-high post-traumatic growth. Bivariable analyses between Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory and potential predictor variables were undertaken. Measures that were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) or marginally (<i>p</i> < 0.10) associated with post-traumatic growth were included in a multivariable regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data for 187 participants were analysed. Fifty-eight percent of the participants met criteria for moderate-to-high post-traumatic growth. Being present at a mosque during the shootings (<i>p</i> = 0.011) and use of a life coach after the shootings (<i>p</i> = 0.02) were positively associated with post-traumatic growth. Family tensions and holding a university degree were negatively associated with post-traumatic growth (<i>p</i> = 0.035, 0.011). When the Religious Coping Scale was included in the multivariable model, it explained a large proportion of the variance associated with post-traumatic growth (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The participants experienced relatively high levels of post-traumatic growth. The dominance of religious coping in the multivariable model suggests that the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory and Religious Coping Scale assessed similar qualities for Muslims impacted by the March 15 shootings. Qualitative research is required to broaden understanding of the underpinnings to post-traumatic growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"48674251374461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145074186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the unmet needs of bipolar disorder in Australia and beyond.","authors":"Sue M Cotton, Melissa Hasty, Philip Mitchell, Greg Murray, Ian B Hickie, Patrick D McGorry, Ken Walder, Olivia M Dean, Cathy Mihalopoulos, Alison R Yung, Tamsyn E Van Rheenen, Andrew A Nierenberg, Jan Scott, Lana J Williams, Lesley Berk, Christopher G Davey, Jacob J Crouse, Elizabeth Scott, Frank Iorfino, Kate Filia, Mary Lou Chatterton, Craig Macneil, Tania Perich, Emma Morton, Aswin Ratheesh, Michael Berk","doi":"10.1177/00048674251361727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674251361727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People impacted by bipolar disorder are confronted by many unmet needs that contribute to the overall burden associated with the disorder. We do not have a good understanding of the underlying pathology of bipolar disorder, so we do not have biomarkers to accurately identify those who are at risk of developing the disorder. Delayed diagnosis is the norm, and it can take a decade or more for an individual to receive a diagnosis and to start appropriate treatment. We have evidence-based treatments such as lithium and psychosocial therapies; however, their availability and use are limited. We need a consolidated approach to advance indicated prevention and early intervention for bipolar disorder. In this viewpoint article, we describe these barriers in detail as well as introduce international and national work that is being done to progress the field. At the national level, we introduce the National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence in Bipolar Disorder. The Centre for Research Excellence in Bipolar Disorder comprises a multidisciplinary team of experts from Australia and internationally who are working together to develop a better understanding of opportunities for indicated prevention and early intervention as well as to improve interventions for those impacted by the disorder. Here we describe our research framework, stakeholder engagement activities and strategies for workforce development and capacity building. Ultimately by working together we will attempt to address many of issues faced by individuals impacted by bipolar disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"48674251361727"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of psychotropic medication use among young people living in out-of-home care: A scoping review and meta-analysis of international literature.","authors":"Kostas Hatzikiriakidis, Emma Galvin, Luke Patitsas, Helen Skouteris","doi":"10.1177/00048674251370467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674251370467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Young people in out-of-home care experience complex mental health needs and may be prescribed psychotropic medications at a greater rate than those not living in care. The aim of this scoping review was to synthesise international literature to (1) understand the prevalence of psychotropic medication use among young people in out-of-home care and (2) identify the factors associated with a greater likelihood of prescribing and/or use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodological guidance. Five electronic databases were searched for relevant literature published from inception to September 2024. Synthesising the literature involved a mixed-method approach, utilising a proportional meta-analysis, narrative synthesis and content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-one studies were eligible for inclusion. Meta-analysis calculated the pooled prevalence of any psychotropic medication as 42.16% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.76-52.93%). Pooled prevalence estimates for individual subclasses were 25.60% for stimulants (16.82-35.51%), 21.33% for antipsychotics (12.42-31.87%), 16.36% for antidepressants (10.35-23.42%), 8.57% for mood stabilisers (4.61-13.58%) and 2.24% for anxiolytics (1.12-3.72%). The most commonly examined predisposing factors suggested differences in prescribing practices associated with demographic characteristics such as age, sex and ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychotropic medication management in out-of-home care is complex; however, further research on the international prescribing practices outside the United States is needed. Improved cross-system coordination, caregiver support, meaningful youth involvement and trauma-informed, person-centred approaches to mental health care in out-of-home care are essential to ensure safe, effective and equitable psychotropic medication use.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"48674251370467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay between psychological distress, income inequality, mental health-related medication use and consultations with a psychologist: Australian population-level data between 2011 and 2018.","authors":"Yuan Tian, Meredith G Harris, Caley Tapp, Frances Shawyer, Graham Meadows, Joanne Enticott","doi":"10.1177/00048674251362049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674251362049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of the study was to examine the interplay between income inequality, psychological distress, medication use and access to psychologist consultations in Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hypothesis-driven secondary data analysis was conducted using nationally representative data from the 2011-2012, 2014-2015 and 2017-2018 Australian National Health Surveys. Approximately 12,000 working-age participants (18-64 years) were analysed per survey year, with subgroup interaction effects (<i>p</i> < 0.1) explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 16% of participants reported taking medications, and 5% consulted a psychologist in the past year. About 14% experienced high distress, and 5% had very-high distress in the past month. Lower-income individuals were more likely to experience high psychological distress and use mental health medications. Specifically, 30% of adults in the lowest income quintile used medications, and 14% reported very-high distress, compared to 10% and 2% in the highest income group. More low-income individuals (9%) consulted a psychologist compared to high-income individuals (4%). Interaction analyses revealed that lower-income individuals who used medication or saw a psychologist exhibited up to four times higher distress than those in higher-income groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings reveal a concerning disparity when combined with other national data: individuals in the lowest income quintile face higher mental health symptoms, greater medication use, and are more likely to consult a psychologist, yet receive fewer consultations. This exploratory work deepens understanding of the complex relationship between income inequality, mental health symptoms, medications and healthcare utilisation in well-resourced countries like Australia. With mental ill-health rising globally, understanding these dynamics is crucial for designing equitable mental health policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8589,"journal":{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"48674251362049"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145039164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}