Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research最新文献

{"title":"Response of Sunmuscat (Vitis vinifera L.) to Varying Cane Numbers When Managed on a Shaw Swing-Arm Trellis for Dried Grape Production","authors":"P. R. Clingeleffer,&nbsp;C. A. Tarr","doi":"10.1155/2023/7786501","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/7786501","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Background and Aims</i>. Dried grapes from Sunmuscat compose more than 50% of Australia’s production. Sunmuscat is late ripening which can lead to suboptimal drying conditions and darkening of the final product. The response of Sunmuscat to varying cane number per vine was studied with the aim to promote earlier ripening and optimise berry size and yield, without detrimental effects on dried product quality. <i>Methods and Results</i>. The study was conducted in a trellis dried, commercial vineyard with pruning level treatments of 6, 9, 12, and 15 canes per vine over 3 seasons. It included assessment of budburst and fruitfulness in spring; monitoring of grape ripening; measurement of yield, bunch number, and moisture content at harvest; and post-harvest assessment of dry berry mass and fruit colour. Traits strongly affected by season were fruitfulness, yield, berry development, juice composition (TSS, pH, and TA), and dried grape quality (colour, dry berry mass, and sugar per berry). Retention of high cane numbers produced a slight delay in ripening (i.e., a mean of 1.1°Brix), small berries, and an asymptotic yield response without an effect on dried fruit colour or moisture. A linear response for bunch loss between spring and harvest was found with increasing cane number. <i>Conclusions</i>. Retention of fewer canes increased berry size and promoted earlier ripening, but at the expense of yield. <i>Significance of the Study</i>. Bunch loss between spring and harvest was the major yield determinant being more important than budburst, shoot fruitfulness, or berries per bunch.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8582,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/7786501","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135590420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Preliminary Method for Tracking In-Season Grapevine Cluster Closure Using Image Segmentation and Image Thresholding","authors":"Manushi Trivedi,&nbsp;Yuwei Zhou,&nbsp;Jonathan Hyun Moon,&nbsp;James Meyers,&nbsp;Yu Jiang,&nbsp;Guoyu Lu,&nbsp;Justine Vanden Heuvel","doi":"10.1155/2023/3923839","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/3923839","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Mapping and monitoring cluster morphology provides insights for disease risk assessment, quality control in wine production, and understanding environmental influences on cluster shape. During the progression of grapevine morphology, cluster closure (CC) (also called bunch closure) is the stage when berries touch one another. This study used mobile phone images to develop a direct quantification method for tracking CC in three grapevine cultivars (Riesling, Pinot gris, and Cabernet Franc). A total of 809 cluster images from fruit set to veraison were analyzed using two image segmentation methods: (i) a Pyramid Scene Parsing Network (PSPNet) to extract cluster boundaries and (ii) Otsu’s image thresholding method to calculate % CC based on gaps between the berries. PSPNet produced high accuracy (mean accuracy = 0.98, mean intersection over union (mIoU) = 0.95) with mIoU &gt; 0.90 for both cluster and noncluster classes. Otsu’s thresholding method resulted in &lt;2% falsely classified gap and berry pixels affecting quantified % CC. The progression of CC was described using basic statistics (mean and standard deviation) and using a curve fit. The CC curve showed an asymptotic trend, with a higher rate of progression observed in the first three weeks, followed by a gradual approach towards an asymptote. We propose that the <i>X</i> value (in this example, number of weeks past berry set) at which the CC progression curve reaches the asymptote be considered as the official phenological stage of CC. The developed method provides a continuous scale of CC throughout the season, potentially serving as a valuable open-source research tool for studying grapevine cluster phenology and factors affecting CC.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8582,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/3923839","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136278102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Smoke from Wheat, Oat, and Clover Stubble Burning on Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes and Wine","authors":"Tingting Shi,&nbsp;Renata Ristic,&nbsp;Kerry L. Wilkinson","doi":"10.1155/2023/6693220","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/6693220","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Background and Aims</i>. Stubble burning is an agricultural practice employed by some grain growers to prepare farmland for sowing and/or to control weeds and pests. Grapegrowers and winemakers have questioned whether the resulting smoke can contaminate grapes in nearby vineyards. This study therefore sought to determine the potential for smoke from three different stubble burns to taint grapes and wine. <i>Methods and Results</i>. Excised bunches of mature Cabernet Sauvignon grapes were exposed to smoke from prescribed burning of wheat, oat, and Balansa clover stubble windrows. Environmental sensors monitored the concentration of particulate matter as a measure of smoke density, while chemical and sensory analysis established the extent to which grapes and wine were tainted by smoke. Only grapes that were positioned among the burning wheat windrows or downwind, but in close proximity (∼200 m) to the oat stubble burn, were exposed to sufficient quantities of smoke to result in a detectable concentration of volatile phenols (up to 12 <i>µ</i>g/kg), as chemical markers of smoke taint. These grapes yielded wines with two to threefold higher volatile phenol concentrations (up to 18 <i>µ</i>g/L) than other wines, including the control wine, and low intensity, but perceptible smoke-related sensory attributes, indicative of low-level smoke taint. <i>Conclusions</i>. Chemical and sensory analyses suggest the risk of smoke taint from stubble burning is low, except where vineyards are immediately downwind and/or prolonged or repeated smoke exposure occurs. However, stubble moisture content and prevailing weather conditions affect smoke density and dispersion, and will therefore affect the potential for smoke contamination by grapes. <i>Significance of the Study</i>. This study will assist colocated grain growers and grape and wine producers to undertake commercial operations, without negatively impacting one another.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8582,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/6693220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134885379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grapes, Wines, and Changing Times: A Bibliometric Analysis of Climate Change Influence","authors":"Diego Grazia,&nbsp;Chiara Mazzocchi,&nbsp;Giordano Ruggeri,&nbsp;Stefano Corsi","doi":"10.1155/2023/9937930","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/9937930","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Climatic conditions play a major role in wine production. Given the increasing impacts and risks posed by climate change, it is important to understand the effects it will have on the wine sector and different wine-producing regions worldwide. This study provides an in-depth examination of the scientific discourse on wine and climate change from 2000 to 2022 by conducting a bibliometric analysis of the literature published on the Web of Science database, which included 1,314 publications. The use of quantitative and qualitative methods allows us to investigate how research has evolved over the years. Our analysis uncovers the most productive countries, institutions, and journals leading the research in this domain, while emphasising the multifaceted approach to studying wine and climate change. Nevertheless, numerous research areas are yet to be adequately explored. Through co-citation analysis and bibliographic coupling, we identify dominant thematic clusters in previous and current scientific literature and reveal emerging research trajectories in this field. The main thematic clusters found include the assessment of climate change effects on viticultural regions worldwide, climate change’s impact on grape composition, and the impact on grape phenology. Our results can be useful not only to understand the main themes studied until now but also to orientate researchers towards less explored aspects and disciplines in scientific research.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8582,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/9937930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underpinning Terroir with Data: Integrating Vineyard Performance Metrics with Soil and Climate Data to Better Understand Within-Region Variation in Marlborough, New Zealand","authors":"R. G. V. Bramley,&nbsp;J. Ouzman,&nbsp;A. P. Sturman,&nbsp;G. J. Grealish,&nbsp;C. E. M. Ratcliff,&nbsp;M. C. T. Trought","doi":"10.1155/2023/8811402","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/8811402","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Background and Aims.</i> Previous work in Australia has demonstrated the value of data-driven approaches to terroir analysis but, like other terroir research, focussed predominantly on the natural resources (soils, topography, and climate) on which winegrowing depends. In only very few cases have metrics of production performance also been considered. In this study, focussed on the Marlborough region of New Zealand, we integrated data pertaining to vineyard performance with biophysical data (soils and climate) describing the conditions under which grapes are grown to give a more holistic indication of regional-scale variation in the terroir of the Marlborough production system. <i>Methods and Results</i>. Digital map layers describing variation in climate, soil properties, and the yield and harvest date of Sauvignon Blanc (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) were assembled and analysed for similarity in their patterns of spatial variation over six vintages (2014–2019) using <i>k</i>-means clustering. The results suggest that the Marlborough region has a characteristically variable Sauvignon Blanc production with crop phenology and harvest date strongly influenced by variation in temperature, and yield variation impacted by soil properties. Spatial variation in seasonal rainfall did not appear to impact on vineyard performance. Importantly, the Wairau and Awatere valleys which, hitherto, have been considered together as parts of a single Marlborough region, are shown to be distinct. <i>Conclusions</i>. This analysis is strongly suggestive of the Marlborough terroir being variable at the within-region scale. It also lends weight to the idea that estimates of vineyard performance in some parts of the region may be used to predict performance in others. <i>Significance of the Study</i>. The results have potentially important implications for the management of both vineyard operations and winery logistics, for wine marketing and for whole-of-industry planning around expansion or contraction. The methods used are free of any bias introduced to many previous studies of terroir zoning through adherence to historical or geopolitical boundaries, expert opinion of wines, and other heuristics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8582,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/8811402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46896693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the Annual Nitrogen Fertilization Rate on Vine Performance and Grape Quality for Winemaking: Insights from a Meta-Analysis","authors":"Fernando Visconti,&nbsp;Diego S. Intrigliolo,&nbsp;José M. Mirás-Avalos","doi":"10.1155/2023/7989254","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/7989254","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>Sustainability in grapevine cultivation requires the precise use of water and fertilizers, particularly nitrogen (N), to produce grapes of the highest quality for winemaking, while simultaneously avoiding harm to the surrounding waters and atmosphere by reducing NO₃⁻ losses and N₂O and NH₃ emissions from the vineyards. To address the challenge of optimizing N use in viticulture, many N fertilization trials have been carried out over the last decades, and a compilation and analysis of worldwide trials was therefore needed. The present study tackled this challenge through a meta-analysis of published research, which included 374 fertilization trials. From the compiled data, six vine production parameters and eight grape quality traits were extracted and normalized to enable comparisons between experiments. The Mitscherlich law of diminishing returns was able to satisfactorily describe the set of vine production parameters against nitrogen application rate, and the same occurred with the yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN). In vines, both reproductive and vegetative growth similarly responded to the N application rate. In general, the nitrogen requirements for 95% of the maximum grape yield amounted to rates between 30 and 40 kg·N·ha⁻¹, which increased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) to values between 0.27 and 0.36 t·kg·N⁻¹. Although several grape quality traits could not be described against the N rate in terms of any mathematical relationship, an N rate between 20 and 25 kg·N·ha⁻¹ could be considered as maximizing grape quality for winemaking. Such N fertilization range increases NUE up to values between 0.41 and 0.47 t·kg·N⁻¹, thus almost doubling the known NUE standards when grape quality is targeted instead of yield, although soil fertility could be exhausted in the mid-to-long term. Whatever the case, anthocyanins and polyphenols are well preserved in red grapes at such low N rates, although YAN is not. The results of this work will be useful for guiding new vine N nutrition research and N nutrition management in vineyards, thus increasing wine growing sustainability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8582,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/7989254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46291225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reintroducing Autochthonous Minor Grapevine Varieties to Improve Wine Quality and Viticulture Sustainability in a Climate Change Scenario","authors":"Tommaso Frioni,&nbsp;Elia Romanini,&nbsp;Silvia Pagani,&nbsp;Filippo Del Zozzo,&nbsp;Milena Lambri,&nbsp;Alberto Vercesi,&nbsp;Matteo Gatti,&nbsp;Stefano Poni,&nbsp;Mario Gabrielli","doi":"10.1155/2023/1482548","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/1482548","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>One of the major challenges that global warming poses to viticulture is the maintenance of adequate acidity at maturity in white grapes for sparkling winemaking. This issue arises from three main occurrences: (i) with higher temperatures, degradation of malic acid is significantly enhanced; (ii) with a general advancement in grapevine phenology, grape maturity may occur under suboptimal climatic conditions; and (iii) harvesting grapes at “traditional” dates results in overripe fruits for sparkling destinations. In this biennial work, we compared the fruit and must composition of a local, widely grown white grape variety in the Colli Piacentini area (cv. Ortrugo, ORT) with those of a minor autochthonous variety, namely, Barbesino (BRB). Furthermore, we compared the composition, aromatic, and sensory profiles of wines obtained from ORT and BRB grapes picked on the same date and, in addition, of a second Barbesino wine from late harvest (BRB-LH). ORT and BRB had a similar sugar accumulation dynamic, whereas BRB exhibited a delayed loss of titratable acidity. In more details, BRB had lower malic acid degradation rates when malate concentration was &lt;9 g/L. As a result, with comparable yield and total soluble solid content (TSS) (∼20°Brix), BRB had a higher berry titratable acidity and malic acid concentration at harvest than ORT. BRB wines showed the highest titratable acidity (TA), while ORT had the lowest TA and a higher pH, and as expected, BRB-LH had the highest pH and a lower TA than BRB although still higher than those of ORT wine. The aroma profiles of wines were mainly characterized by fermentative aromas, including esters, fatty acids, higher alcohols, and C₆ compounds, and BRB-LH wines showed the highest concentration of higher alcohols, while the fermentative esters were higher in ORT wines. Panelists considered BRB significantly fresher and with bigger aroma intensity than ORT, confirming that the higher acidity detected in BRB musts is well preserved in final wines. Our work demonstrates that local minor varieties can be reconsidered in light of the new climate change-related issues impairing viticulture sustainability today. In particular, currently neglected cultivars could help preserve must acidity as compared to traditional varieties having early ripening, maintaining the links with terroir and local traditions at the same time.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8582,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/1482548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43311858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Drought Stress Tolerance by Regulating Osmotic Balance, the Antioxidant System, and the Expression of Drought-Responsive Genes in Vitis vinifera L.","authors":"Qiuhong Ye,&nbsp;Hua Wang,&nbsp;Hua Li","doi":"10.1155/2023/7208341","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/7208341","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Background and Aims</i>. Drought harms the growth and productivity of grapevines; it thus poses a major threat to the development of viticulture in the background of ongoing climate change. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be used to enhance the resistance/tolerance of plants to environmental stress. The effects of AMF on the osmotic regulation, antioxidant substances, and expression of drought-responsive genes in the grapevine <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. cv. Ecolly were studied. <i>Methods and Results</i>. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized block design with four treatments: AMF colonization, well-watered; non-AMF colonization, well-watered; AMF colonization with drought stress; and non-AMF colonization with drought stress. The concentration of sucrose and proline in the leaves was higher in mycorrhizal grapevine than in nonmycorrhizal grapevine under drought stress. The concentration of malonaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, and glutathione and the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity in leaves were higher in mycorrhizal grapevine than in nonmycorrhizal grapevine under drought conditions. AMF inoculation affected the expression of drought-responsive genes. Mycorrhization upregulated the expression of <i>VvNCED, VvP5CS, VvSIP, VvPIP1;2</i>, and <i>VvTIP2;1</i> genes under drought stress. <i>Conclusions</i>. AMF could reduce the harm caused by drought stress by regulating osmosis, antioxidant activities, and the expression of key drought-responsive genes and aquaporin genes. <i>Significance of the Study</i>. This work provides insights into the physiological and biochemical activities influenced by AMF on grapevine under drought stress.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8582,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/7208341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45451366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Potent Thiols in “Empyreumatic” Flint/Struck-Match/Mineral Odours in Chardonnay Wine","authors":"Damian Espinase Nandorfy,&nbsp;Tracey Siebert,&nbsp;Eleanor Bilogrevic,&nbsp;Desireé Likos,&nbsp;Flynn Watson,&nbsp;Sheridan Barter,&nbsp;Lisa Pisaniello,&nbsp;Allie Kulcsar,&nbsp;Robert A. Shellie,&nbsp;Russell Keast,&nbsp;Leigh Francis,&nbsp;Marlize Bekker","doi":"10.1155/2023/8847476","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/8847476","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p><i>Background and Aims</i>. A wide range of Chardonnay styles exist on the market, from fruit-forward examples to wines displaying “empyreumatic” aromas such as flint, smoky, mineral, and struck-match. The thiols 2-furylmethanethiol and phenylmethanethiol have been linked to these aromas, and this study aimed to determine the contribution of these compounds to specific sensory properties in Chardonnay wines, as well as the consumer acceptance of wine displaying “empyreumatic” aromas. <i>Methods and Results</i>. Twenty-four Australian and New Zealand Chardonnay wines were selected for volatile analysis and quantitative sensory descriptive analysis. Consumer liking of a subset of six wines was also determined, and a further sensory study involving additions of the thiols to a base wine was conducted. Partial least squares regression showed that flint/struck-match/mineral aromas were related to 2-furylmethanethiol concentration with phenylmethanethiol less well associated. The odorant addition study confirmed that 2-furylmethanethiol directed flint/struck-match/mineral aromas and exerted strong suppression of other aromas while phenylmethanethiol played a lesser role. Consumer acceptance (<i>n</i> = 92) was overall lower for wines displaying high flint/struck-match/mineral aromas, although cluster analysis of the liking scores identified a sizeable consumer group (33%) who preferred wines with this attribute. <i>Conclusions</i>. The potent thiol 2-furylmethanethiol was indicated to be the primary contributor to flint/struck-match/mineral aromas in Chardonnay wines, with phenylmethanethiol playing a subordinate role. <i>Significance of the Study</i>. Increased concentration of 2-furylmethanethiol and the conferred “empyreumatic” odours should be carefully considered when producing wine styles to appeal to consumers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8582,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/8847476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45414872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vine Performance and Phenology Postponement in Cane-Pruned Chardonnay Vines Grown in a Temperate Climate: The Effects of a Delayed Winter Pruning","authors":"Alberto Vercesi,&nbsp;Alessandra Garavani,&nbsp;Maria Giulia Parisi,&nbsp;Matteo Gatti,&nbsp;Stefano Poni","doi":"10.1155/2023/1329802","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2023/1329802","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 <p>In a global warming context, the advancement and compression of maturity in early ripening grape varieties suited to sparkling wine making can easily expedite harvest within the first two weeks of August (in northern Italy). Such earliness, albeit safeguarding acid retention, involves potential suboptimal grape composition and triggers logistical issues related to grape harvest and delivery. Hence, this three-year study beginning in 2020 was conducted on cane-pruned Chardonnay vines, grown in the Franciacorta district of Lombardy, to assess if a single-step delayed winter pruning was able to postpone vine phenology and ripening, without harming yield potential. Control (C) vines pruned midwinter were compared with those subjected to late winter pruning (LWP), performed when the apical shoots growing on the unpruned canes had reached the 2-3 unfolded leaf stage (T1) as well as 7-8 days later (T2). In 2022, a fourth treatment was added, consisting of a two-step procedure with finishing performed at T1 (LWP-two canes). Vegetative growth, yield components, ripening dynamics, and maturity at harvest were followed in each year of this study. Budburst delay induced by LWP treatments across seasons varied between 4 and 9 days, whereas harvest was postponed by 5–14 days. The extent of delay was especially pronounced in 2020, when the removed leaf area (LA) was also found to be the highest. The higher the removed LA, the higher the yield constrain was in the concomitant year. In 2020 and 2021, despite the harvest delay, LWP vines were able to assure full matching with desirable features in must composition, set at total soluble solids (TSS) of about 18°Brix and a titratable acidity (TA) of at least 8 g/L. In the very hot and dry phase of 2022, none of the treatments facilitated the required ripening status, while data showed that an even earlier ripening would not have allowed the harvest to reach the minimum TSS level. Notably, even in 2021 and 2022, when the removed LA was quite low, a delaying effect was prompted in the seasonal trends of all main ripening parameters. This suggested that besides the amount of LA removal, other unknown factors drive the postponement of ripening. In 2022, the behavior of added-treatment LWP-two canes was found to be quite similar to that of the C vines. Depending upon the desired yield level and local climate feature, the protocol entailing a single-step late winter pruning, performed at any time between the T1-T2 time window used in this study, is deemed as effective in achieving a significant harvest delay while maintaining or even improving the compositional patterns recorded for midwinter pruned vines.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8582,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/2023/1329802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48568905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}