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Emerging Trends in Addressing Climate Change through Litigation in Tanzania 坦桑尼亚通过诉讼解决气候变化问题的新趋势
Utafiti Pub Date : 2023-05-26 DOI: 10.1163/26836408-15020070
H. Majamba
{"title":"Emerging Trends in Addressing Climate Change through Litigation in Tanzania","authors":"H. Majamba","doi":"10.1163/26836408-15020070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15020070","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Climate change litigation (climate litigation) has increased worldwide partly due to governments enacting laws to comply with global climate change agreements, as well as courts playing a pivotal role in developing related precedents. By analysing Tanzania’s climate litigation in the context of worldwide trends, one may observe that the courts have addressed critical aspects of climate litigation, although their doing so has not been fully acknowledged in some of the contemporary literature. Also, unlike in other jurisdictions, the courts in Tanzania have not referred to numerous instructive precedents. This shortcoming may be attributed partly to the lack of a comprehensive climate change law, the legal impediments to instituting public interest litigation, and a general lack of enthusiasm for researching and probing current court precedents on the part of counsel and the judiciary. This commentary advocates enacting comprehensive climate change legislation and enhancing the capacity of civil society, non-governmental organizations, the Bar, and the judiciary to engage with contemporary developments in climate change impacts and related litigation.","PeriodicalId":85828,"journal":{"name":"Utafiti","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79823144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perceiving Corruption in Tanzania 坦桑尼亚的腐败现象
Utafiti Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.1163/26836408-15020067
A. Kessy
{"title":"Perceiving Corruption in Tanzania","authors":"A. Kessy","doi":"10.1163/26836408-15020067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15020067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The difficulties associated with conventional corruption measurements as employed in comparative country evaluations concern the accuracy they provide in assessing and explaining corruption. These conventional measures regard corruption as a one-dimensional phenomenon (quantified by a single score) which varies in incidence but not in form between countries. Such measures frequently associate corruption with bribery. But this one-dimensional composite measurement of corruption is insufficient to capture corruption in less developed economies, particularly in Africa, where corruption is perceived as taking many forms. Transparency International’s assessment of Tanzania (recently graduated by the World Bank to middle-income country status), demonstrates the misleading consequences of such composite, ubiquitous metrics. Perceptions of corruption as well as the diverse activities classifiable as corrupt practices are complex concepts; so any single indicator applied internationally may fail to accurately quantify these concepts; nor will such measures help to identify potential anti-corruption intervention strategies.","PeriodicalId":85828,"journal":{"name":"Utafiti","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74207527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Actively Engaging Large Classes in Tanzanian Universities 积极开展坦桑尼亚大学大班教学
Utafiti Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.1163/26836408-15020069
R. J. Mwakabenga
{"title":"Actively Engaging Large Classes in Tanzanian Universities","authors":"R. J. Mwakabenga","doi":"10.1163/26836408-15020069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15020069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The prevalence of large classes in African universities is the result of increasing student enrolment which does not match the teaching and learning resources that are available. Tensions for individual pedagogues emanate from excessively large classes including the constraints of inadequate resources, anonymity of students, poor participation of students and difficulties with timely continuous assessment of huge quantities of written work. University authorities appointed to leadership roles should hold themselves responsible for enhancing lecturers’ pedagogy skills to order to improve both teachers’ and students’ commitment to the learning process. Strategies to promote active engagement of students include regularly updating lecturers’ competency in producing well-organized lectures and active learning strategies, strengthening seminar discussions, designing pre-lecture activities, and devising strategies to learn students’ identities.","PeriodicalId":85828,"journal":{"name":"Utafiti","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80721463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Categorization and Local Humanitarian Help: The Limitations of Legal Categories for Refugees 社会分类与地方人道主义帮助:难民法律分类的局限性
Utafiti Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.1163/26836408-15020065
O. Kweka
{"title":"Social Categorization and Local Humanitarian Help: The Limitations of Legal Categories for Refugees","authors":"O. Kweka","doi":"10.1163/26836408-15020065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15020065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The legal categorization of refugees in Tanzania has resulted in the requirement that they maintain residence in camps, and in the restriction of their movements. Refugees residing in designated camps are supposed to receive full support through humanitarian aid. However, the protracted nature of refugees’ stay in Western Tanzania has resulted in a decline of monetary and practical support, as well as donor fatigue over time. A review of the literature about humanitarian aid reveals a widely shared misconception that most humanitarian support for refugees in Tanzania generates from the global North. This false assumption is challenged by showing how refugees and their host communities take part in everyday humanitarian practices. Refugees are compelled to socially re-categorize themselves in order to access the local assistance provided by their host communities.","PeriodicalId":85828,"journal":{"name":"Utafiti","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81670597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ethnic Proverbs as Kiswahili Verbal Art Performance 民族谚语作为斯瓦希里语语言艺术表演
Utafiti Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.1163/26836408-15020068
Angelus Mnenuka
{"title":"Ethnic Proverbs as Kiswahili Verbal Art Performance","authors":"Angelus Mnenuka","doi":"10.1163/26836408-15020068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15020068","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The ever-growing expansion of Kiswahili as a lingua franca has depreciated the status of other languages in Tanzania and the ethnic verbal arts embedded in them. This includes proverbs. The disappearance of ethnic proverbs is unfortunate because proverbs serve several functions in society, including imparting wisdom and representing a culturally inherited worldview. Efforts to mainstream them into Kiswahili proverbial performances, the practical approach to rescue them from disappearing, have been relatively unsuccessful because translated ethnic proverbs lack proverbiality. Consequently, they cannot be mainstreamed into the Kiswahili proverb repertoire. In this paper, I argue that in order to deal with this problem, existing ethnic proverbs should be collected and translated into Kiswahili and finally fleshed out with aesthetic Kiswahili devices. Kiswahili proverbial features would enable them to gain immediate acceptance among Kiswahili speakers. In so doing, the endangered verbal art will be preserved.","PeriodicalId":85828,"journal":{"name":"Utafiti","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88512082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lexical Innovation through Swahilisation of English Lexicon in Online Advertisements 网络广告中英语词汇斯瓦希里化的词汇创新
Utafiti Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.1163/26836408-15020060
Gastor Mapunda, Emmanuel Ilonga
{"title":"Lexical Innovation through Swahilisation of English Lexicon in Online Advertisements","authors":"Gastor Mapunda, Emmanuel Ilonga","doi":"10.1163/26836408-15020060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15020060","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Morpho-phonological nativisation and syntactic applications of Kiswahili loanwords appear throughout telecommunication businesses’ advertisements, as can be collected from such companies’ Facebook pages. Word-by-word and line-by-line coding and analysis reveal a richness in the borrowing process and its implications for the contemporary Kiswahili lexicon. Apparently, nouns are more inclined to be borrowed than words from other grammatical categories, with loanwords from English expanding the meaning of items, and in some cases substituting those items in the lexicon of the receiving language. Phonologically, accommodation of loanwords includes syllabic adjustments, vowel addition, consonant assimilation, and consonant deletion – these and other linguistic strategies play an important role in the nativisation process of ubiquitous items in the online vocabulary familiar to users of the world wide web. Syntactically, loanwords appear in interrogatives, conditionals, and imperatives, as well as in non-sentential constructions. In turn, these borrowings constitute a significant portion of the ongoing nativisation processes that contribute to the future of the Kiswahili lexicon.","PeriodicalId":85828,"journal":{"name":"Utafiti","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78696605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Cultural Imperialism and the Struggle over Kiswahili as the Medium of Instruction in Tanzania 文化帝国主义与斯瓦希里语在坦桑尼亚作为教学媒介的斗争
Utafiti Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.1163/26836408-15020058
Alexander Makulilo, M. Madeni
{"title":"Cultural Imperialism and the Struggle over Kiswahili as the Medium of Instruction in Tanzania","authors":"Alexander Makulilo, M. Madeni","doi":"10.1163/26836408-15020058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15020058","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In 1997, Tanzania’s National Cultural Policy recommended Kiswahili to be used as the medium of instruction for the entire nation’s public education system. However, since then English language maintains a hegemonic position as the medium of instruction in post-primary education. Arguably, this demonstrates cultural imperialism as a factor in the non-implementation of the cultural policy. We examine whether the global politics of expansionism and domination is causally responsible for the non-adoption of Kiswahili as the medium of instruction by making English a precious product and decisive tool for managing international politics. Political, economic and cultural institutions established by imperial powers have directly and indirectly shaped the language policy and its implementation. Consequently, elites in Tanzania have supported approaches that maintain English as the medium of instruction. Breaking away from the imperial structures that resist the adoption of Kiswahili as medium of instruction is central to any possibility for changing the prevailing situation.","PeriodicalId":85828,"journal":{"name":"Utafiti","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85064217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vowel Perception and Production in Native ki-Swahili Speaking Children Acquiring English as a Foreign Language 母语为基-斯瓦希里语儿童习得英语的元音感知和产生
Utafiti Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.1163/26836408-15020059
R. Upor, Joseph Joachim Olomy
{"title":"Vowel Perception and Production in Native ki-Swahili Speaking Children Acquiring English as a Foreign Language","authors":"R. Upor, Joseph Joachim Olomy","doi":"10.1163/26836408-15020059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15020059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigated the perception and production of English unrounded vowel minimal pairs /ɑ/ – /ɜ/; /æ/ – /ɑ/ and /i/ – /ɪ/, by a group of twenty native ki-Swahili speaking children averaging 9.9 years of age, who learned English through classroom instruction. The study was conducted in a typical foreign language acquisition (FLA) context. All the children participated in vowel perception and production tests. The findings revealed that the participants relied on their first language (L1) phonetic contrast knowledge when encoding vowel contrast. Moreover, factors that contributed to this problem of vowel contrast encoding included the size of the speakers’ vowel inventory, their limited exposure to spheres for interacting with the language outside the classroom environment and their social setting. Although the participants in this study demonstrated better ability in their vowel production than in their vowel perception, the results confirm those challenges that have been associated with FLA perceptual studies and how a young speaker’s first language significantly influences the child’s acquisition of English.","PeriodicalId":85828,"journal":{"name":"Utafiti","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77219478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Safeguarding Intangible Heritage among the Wajita in Northern Tanzania 保护坦桑尼亚北部瓦吉塔人的非物质遗产
Utafiti Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.1163/26836408-15020062
Richard Nandiga Bigambo
{"title":"Safeguarding Intangible Heritage among the Wajita in Northern Tanzania","authors":"Richard Nandiga Bigambo","doi":"10.1163/26836408-15020062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15020062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The waJita are among the communities in Tanzania that have their own ways of safeguarding their diverse forms of ancestrally inherited culture, which include strict observance of oral traditions, informal training and apprenticeships. Yet these community practices have been neglected in favour of more recently developed measures (e.g. digital and written documentation, revitalization and creating living museums) which are proposed by experts and foreign organizations including UNESCO. But these more modern safeguarding initiatives often fail; they also have caused conflicts between communities and the authorities overseeing such endeavours. It is instructive therefore to revisit in some detail the waJita community’s indigenous customs and practices that ensure the survival of their own traditional ceremonies. Illumination of such strategies inspires the question of how these community-based practices can be incorporated in the centrally organized formal arrangements and structures designed to preserve intangible heritages of Tanzania.","PeriodicalId":85828,"journal":{"name":"Utafiti","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76751226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Prosperity in Rural Africa? Insights into Wealth, Assets, and Poverty from Longitudinal Studies in Tanzania, edited by Dan Brockington and Christine Noe 非洲农村的繁荣?《从坦桑尼亚纵向研究看财富、资产和贫困》，丹·布罗金顿和克里斯汀·诺伊主编
Utafiti Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.1163/26836408-15020064
J. Yaro
{"title":"Prosperity in Rural Africa? Insights into Wealth, Assets, and Poverty from Longitudinal Studies in Tanzania, edited by Dan Brockington and Christine Noe","authors":"J. Yaro","doi":"10.1163/26836408-15020064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15020064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85828,"journal":{"name":"Utafiti","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86611540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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