Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA最新文献_第7页

Cardiovascular risk and risk management in HIV-infected patients. 艾滋病毒感染者的心血管风险和风险管理。

Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2007-11-01

Oluwatoyin Adeyemi

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Diagnosis and management of hepatitis B virus and HIV coinfection. 乙型肝炎病毒和艾滋病毒合并感染的诊断和管理。

Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2007-11-01

Marion G Peters

{"title":"Diagnosis and management of hepatitis B virus and HIV coinfection.","authors":"Marion G Peters","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection increases HIV and HBV replication, hepatitis flares, and risk of progression to chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. HIV and HBV coinfection decreases frequency of hepatitis Be antibody (anti-HBe) and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) seroconversion, increases risk of antiretroviral therapy-related hepatotoxicity, and reduces efficacy of HBV therapy. All newly diagnosed HIV patients should be screened for hepatitis A, B, and C viruses and vaccinated if not immune to hepatitis A or B viruses. HBV serology often is atypical in coinfection. Diagnosis of HBV coinfection in HIV infection is made on the basis of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive, hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc total)-positive, anti-HBs-positive status. Alanine aminotransferase levels in coinfected patients often are not reliable markers of liver inflammation. HBV infection should always be treated if coinfected patients are receiving antiretroviral therapy, since immune reconstitution under antiretroviral therapy poses risk for immune-associated liver damage in these patients. This article summarizes a presentation on HIV and HBV coinfection made by Marion G. Peters, MD, at an International AIDS Society-USA Continuing Medical Education course in San Francisco in May 2007.","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"15 5","pages":"163-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27112281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HIV resistance: frequency, testing, mechanisms. HIV耐药性:频率、检测、机制。

Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2007-11-01

Daniel R Kuritzkes

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Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1: 2007. HIV-1耐药突变的最新进展:2007。

Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2007-08-01

Victoria A Johnson, Françoise Brun-Vézinet, Bonaventura Clotet, Huldrych F Günthard, Daniel R Kuritzkes, Deenan Pillay, Jonathan M Schapiro, Douglas D Richman

引用次数: 0

Human papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected persons. hiv感染者的人乳头瘤病毒感染。

Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2007-08-01

Joel Palefsky

{"title":"Human papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected persons.","authors":"Joel Palefsky","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Rates of cervical and anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and abnormal cytology are high in HIV-infected women, as are rates of anal HPV infection and abnormal cytology in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). Available evidence indicates that the incidence of anal cancer in HIV-infected MSM has increased in association with prolonged life expectancy achieved with antiretroviral therapy. Routine screening for cervical neoplasia is recommended for HIV-infected women. Routine screening is not yet universally recommended for anal neoplasia, although it should be considered for at-risk patients, particularly given recent improvements in local treatments. A preventive vaccine against cervical HPV infection is approved for use in young women before onset of sexual activity and acquisition of HPV infection. Its potential benefit in preventing anal infection in women and men has yet to be determined, and its potential utility in those with HIV infection remains unknown. This article summarizes a presentation on HPV infection in HIV-infected patients made by Joel Palefsky, MD, at an International AIDS Society-USA Continuing Medical Education course in Chicago in May 2007. The original presentation is available as a Webcast at www.iasusa.org.","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"15 4","pages":"130-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26908444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elite control of HIV Infection: implications for vaccines and treatment. 艾滋病毒感染的精英控制:对疫苗和治疗的影响。

Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2007-08-01

Bruce D Walker

{"title":"Elite control of HIV Infection: implications for vaccines and treatment.","authors":"Bruce D Walker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Spontaneous and sustained (\"elite,\" or aviremic) control of HIV infection (ie, maintaining HIV RNA to less than 50 copies/mL in the absence of therapy) appears to occur in approximately 1 in 300 HIV-infected persons, and represents a distinct phenotype among HIV-infected individuals. Through a recently established international collaboration called the HIV Controller Consortium, over 300 elite controllers have been identified and blood samples collected. These ongoing studies will not only examine the immune responses to HIV that elite controllers generate, but will also make use of a newly available approach to defining the genetic basis of disease. Specifically, the consortium is attempting to determine the genetic basis underlying spontaneous control by performing whole genome analysis scans together with functional immunology studies in a large population of elite controllers. The goal of these studies is to provide insights that will help define the crucial parameters present in persons who are able to control HIV infection, similar to the control most people have with Epstein-Barr virus and varicella, namely by holding the virus in check. These findings could assist in the development of vaccines and new therapies. This article summarizes a presentation on spontaneous control of HIV infection and its implications for vaccine development made by Bruce D. Walker, MD, at an International AIDS Society-USA Continuing Medical Education course in New York in March 2007. The original presentation is available as a Webcast at www.iasusa.org.","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"15 4","pages":"134-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26908445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HIV disease progression: immune activation, microbes, and a leaky gut. HIV疾病进展:免疫激活、微生物和漏肠。

Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2007-08-01

Daniel Douek

引用次数: 0

Incorporating novel virologic tests into clinical practice. 将新型病毒学检测纳入临床实践。

Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2007-08-01

Eric S Daar

{"title":"Incorporating novel virologic tests into clinical practice.","authors":"Eric S Daar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Virologic assays continue to evolve in order to meet the needs of HIV-infected patients and their health care providers. Genotypic and phenotypic assays for resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and fusion inhibitors have clear roles in disease management, with both types of assay having advantages and disadvantages. The failure of current assays to identify or measure the presence of minority resistant variants has clinical implications, since presence of such variants is associated with increased risk of virologic failure. Viral fitness may be relevant to disease management, but clinical role of available assays has not been determined. HIV coreceptor tropism assays will also be a crucial tool in the use of coreceptor antagonists, and data are emerging that will define pathways to treatment failure when using these new agents and the new integrase inhibitors. One clear finding for all antiretroviral drugs is that they select for resistance and must be used with good optimized background therapy to avoid virologic failure. This article summarizes a presentation on viral assays made by Eric S. Daar, MD, at an International AIDS Society-USA Continuing Medical Education course in Chicago in May 2007. The original presentation is available as a Webcast at www.iasusa.org.","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"15 4","pages":"126-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26907459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preconception health care for HIV-infected women. 感染艾滋病毒妇女的孕前保健。

Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2007-08-01

Erika Z Aaron, Shannon M Criniti

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HIV pharmacotherapy issues, challenges, and priorities in sub-Saharan African countries. 撒哈拉以南非洲国家的艾滋病毒药物治疗问题、挑战和重点。

Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2007-06-01

Charles C Maponga, Qing Ma, Judianne C Slish, Gene D Morse

{"title":"HIV pharmacotherapy issues, challenges, and priorities in sub-Saharan African countries.","authors":"Charles C Maponga, Qing Ma, Judianne C Slish, Gene D Morse","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The use of potent antiretroviral drugs has led to successful treatment of HIV infection in most high-income countries. However, therapy remains largely unaffordable to the resource-limited world, particularly to countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The disparity and subsequent disease burden are devastating to the poorly resourced countries, hence creating a greater demand for international collaboration. This review outlines key examples of emerging HIV pharmacotherapy issues, challenges, and priorities within resource-limited settings in order to lay groundwork for potential enchancement of international research collaboration efforts. The prevalence and distribution patterns of HIV infection and sociocultural factors found in sub-Saharan African settings are discussed. Challenges include drug financing, drug distribution infrastructure, and government commitment to responding to the HIV pandemic. Priorities include prevention of HIV transmission, management of pediatric patients, availability of affordable medicines, and addressing concerns over the quality of medicines. The potential for the effective international collaboration is enhanced when expertise and resources from the developed world are combined with an understanding of the unique priorities of resource-limited settings.","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"15 3","pages":"104-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26803821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0