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Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA最新文献

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Impact of psychiatric disorders on the HIV epidemic. 精神疾病对艾滋病毒流行的影响。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-06-01
Andrew F Angelino
{"title":"Impact of psychiatric disorders on the HIV epidemic.","authors":"Andrew F Angelino","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental illness continues to fuel the HIV epidemic. There is a high prevalence of mental disorders in the HIV-infected population and a high prevalence of HIV infection in the mentally ill. Without effective treatment of mental disorders, HIV treatment outcome is poor, and transmission of disease continues. High frequencies of mental illness are found in corrections facilities, among the homeless, among injection drug users, and in patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics. Such populations must be targeted for effective mental health treatment if overall outcomes of HIV treatment are to be improved and transmission of HIV is to be reduced. This article summarizes a presentation on mental illness and the HIV epidemic made by Andrew F. Angelino, MD, at the 10th Annual Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Clinical Update in June 2007.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 2","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40525827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When to start antiretroviral therapy: a swinging pendulum? 何时开始抗逆转录病毒治疗:摇摆的钟摆?
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-06-01
Joel E Gallant
{"title":"When to start antiretroviral therapy: a swinging pendulum?","authors":"Joel E Gallant","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although early initiation of antiretroviral treatment has long been associated with some benefit over later initiation, the magnitude of the benefit is becoming better defined with longer follow-up of large numbers of patients in cohort studies. These benefits have become more evident in part because of improvements in efficacy, tolerability, and convenience of antiretroviral treatment regimens. The benefits also reflect growing recognition of the effect of such treatment in reducing risk of both HIV-related and non-HIV-related complications that are not associated with low CD4+ cell count. On balance, currently available information supports using a CD4+ count of 350 cells/microL as a general threshold for initiating treatment, with immediate treatment warranted for selected patients, including those with conditions for which antiretroviral therapy is the best or only treatment. This article summarizes a presentation on when to initiate antiretroviral therapy made by Joel E. Gallant, MD, MPH, at an International AIDS Society-USA Continuing Medical Education course in New York in October 2007.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 2","pages":"82-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40524181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1: Spring 2008. HIV-1耐药突变的最新进展:2008年春季。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11750-007-0034-z
Victoria A Johnson, Françoise Brun-Vezinet, Bonaventura Clotet, Huldrych F Günthard, Daniel R Kuritzkes, Deenan Pillay, Jonathan M Schapiro, Douglas D Richman
{"title":"Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1: Spring 2008.","authors":"Victoria A Johnson,&nbsp;Françoise Brun-Vezinet,&nbsp;Bonaventura Clotet,&nbsp;Huldrych F Günthard,&nbsp;Daniel R Kuritzkes,&nbsp;Deenan Pillay,&nbsp;Jonathan M Schapiro,&nbsp;Douglas D Richman","doi":"10.1007/s11750-007-0034-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11750-007-0034-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 1","pages":"62-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11750-007-0034-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27409797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 137
Highlights of the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. HIV testing and prevention strategies. 第十五届逆转录病毒和机会性感染会议要点。艾滋病毒检测和预防战略。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-04-01
Susan Buchbinder
{"title":"Highlights of the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. HIV testing and prevention strategies.","authors":"Susan Buchbinder","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A number of presentations at the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections focused on approaches to identify HIV-infected persons for early referral to treatment and prevention. This year's conference also highlighted the challenges we face in developing effective biomedical preventions, with reports on the failure of a candidate HIV vaccine and chronic herpes simplex virus type 2 suppression to prevent HIV acquisition, and the failure of male circumcision for HIV-seropositive men to prevent HIV transmission to their uninfected female partners. On the other hand, there were presentations on progress being made in animal models of microbicides and preexposure prophylaxis and on prevention of HIV transmission through breastfeeding. Several interesting presentations addressed the need to move beyond individual-level interventions into those that target sexual partnerships, communities, and policy changes, as these larger factors are driving the HIV epidemic in the United States and globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27409790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Highlights of the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Basic science summary. 第十五届逆转录病毒和机会性感染会议要点。基础科学总结。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/s11750-008-0044-5
Mario Stevenson
{"title":"Highlights of the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Basic science summary.","authors":"Mario Stevenson","doi":"10.1007/s11750-008-0044-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11750-008-0044-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The scientific advances made in the year leading up to the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections were overshadowed, to some extent, by setbacks in the AIDS vaccine research arena and in particular, the failure of the Merck STEP trial. Arguably, these disappointments were offset by strong advances that were being made in basic science and pathogenesis. In particular, recent discoveries into cellular factors that influence virus-host cell interplay and new insights into the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis were highlighted at the meeting. These research discoveries paint an optimistic picture regarding the development of new strategies to combat HIV and AIDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11750-008-0044-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27408354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 60
Highlights of the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Basic HIV vaccine development. 第十五届逆转录病毒和机会性感染会议要点。基本的艾滋病毒疫苗开发。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-04-01
David I Watkins
{"title":"Highlights of the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Basic HIV vaccine development.","authors":"David I Watkins","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The highlight of the 2008 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections was a sober assessment of the HIV vaccine field by one of its pioneers. Desrosiers delivered a plenary session in which he called for refocusing our HIV vaccine effort. He suggested that none of the current vaccine candidates in human clinical trials stands a chance against HIV. Thus, we need to redirect our efforts to basic vaccine research. This call for a sea change in how we carry out HIV vaccine research has already had an impact, prompting a recent HIV vaccine summit in Bethesda, MD. This will likely herald a new era in HIV vaccine research, resulting in a redoubling of effort to uncover innovative new ways of making an HIV vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 1","pages":"7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27408355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Highlights of the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Advances in antiretroviral therapy. 第十五届逆转录病毒和机会性感染会议要点。抗逆转录病毒治疗的进展。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-04-01
Timothy J Wilkin, Barbara Taylor, Susan Olender, Scott M Hammer
{"title":"Highlights of the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Advances in antiretroviral therapy.","authors":"Timothy J Wilkin,&nbsp;Barbara Taylor,&nbsp;Susan Olender,&nbsp;Scott M Hammer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections maintained its place as the premier meeting for presentation of the state of the art of antiretroviral therapy. This year brought together data on new antiretroviral agents in the pipeline, updated our knowledge base of agents approved in the past year (eg, maraviroc, raltegravir, etravirine), delineated approaches to management of treatment-naive and -experienced patients and the use of drugs for prevention of maternal-to-child transmission, and refined our expanding knowledge of drug resistance. A particular highlight of this year's conference was the progress made in antiretroviral treatment and research in resource-limited settings as reflected in both the number and quality of presentations emanating from the developing world.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 1","pages":"31-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27409795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Highlights of the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Complications of HIV disease and therapy. 第十五届逆转录病毒和机会性感染会议要点。艾滋病的并发症和治疗。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-04-01
Judith S Currier, Diane V Havlir
{"title":"Highlights of the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Complications of HIV disease and therapy.","authors":"Judith S Currier,&nbsp;Diane V Havlir","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Managing and preventing complications of HIV disease remain high priorities for research worldwide. At the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, continued areas of focus were on understanding the pathogenesis of complications, identifying risk factors for these problems, and defining optimal management strategies for complications and infections. As in past years, there was an increase in studies focused on problems predominantly occurring in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 1","pages":"23-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27409794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Highlights of the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Neurologic complications of HIV disease and their treatment. 第十五届逆转录病毒和机会性感染会议要点。艾滋病的神经系统并发症及其治疗。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-04-01
Scott Letendre, J Allen McCutchan, Ronald J Ellis
{"title":"Highlights of the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. Neurologic complications of HIV disease and their treatment.","authors":"Scott Letendre,&nbsp;J Allen McCutchan,&nbsp;Ronald J Ellis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>New data were presented at the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections that further support the importance of considering the neuroeffectiveness of antiretroviral drugs when designing treatment regimens. Two studies linked antiretroviral therapy that had estimates of better neuroeffectiveness with better global neuropsychologic outcomes in life. A third study linked estimates of better antiretroviral therapy neuroeffectiveness, particularly nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors, with a lower prevalence of HIV-associated brain pathology at death. Additional findings presented at the conference focused on the correlates of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and peripheral neuropathy. Supporting the concept that viral factors influence the pathogenesis of HAND, high frequencies of HAND were identified in people infected with HIV subtype D and in people infected with subtype B and having brain-specific mutations in V3 of gp160. Supporting the importance of host correlates of HAND, important data from a macaque study identified a strong link between a major histocompatibility complex class I allele, Mane-A*10, and simian immunodeficiency virus encephalitis. Supporting the importance of comorbidities in determining risk for HAND, high levels of lipopolysaccharide in blood, likely derived from the HIV-injured intestine and bacterial translocation, were linked to HAND. Coinfections with JC virus or Treponema pallidum were topics of other presentations, identifying a prognostic marker for PML (better CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses were associated with survival) and a diagnostic one for neurosyphilis (CXCL13 levels in CSF).</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 1","pages":"15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27409792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sustaining HIV prevention: HIV testing in health care settings. 持续预防艾滋病毒:在卫生保健机构进行艾滋病毒检测。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2007-11-01
Kevin A Fenton
{"title":"Sustaining HIV prevention: HIV testing in health care settings.","authors":"Kevin A Fenton","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently issued revised HIV testing recommendations, including a recommendation for routine, voluntary screening for all persons aged 13 years to 64 years in health care settings. Screening is not based on risk, and prevention counseling in conjunction with HIV testing in health care settings is not required. The revisions were motivated in part by concerns regarding the substantial undiagnosed fraction of prevalent HIV infections in the United States and evidence awareness of HIV infection leads to substantial reductions in high-risk sexual behavior. It is hoped that implementation of these recommendations, which will require coordination and education initiatives, will increase identification of the large number of HIV-infected individuals unaware of their infection status and facilitate their linkage to care. This article summarizes a presentation on HIV prevention and HIV testing in health care settings made by Kevin A. Fenton, MD, PhD, at the 10th Annual Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Clinical Update in June 2007 in Phoenix, AZ.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"15 5","pages":"146-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27112277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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