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Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA最新文献

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Update of the Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1. HIV-1耐药突变的最新进展。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-12-01
Victoria A Johnson, Francoise Brun-Vezinet, Bonaventura Clotet, Huldrych F Gunthard, Daniel R Kuritzkes, Deenan Pillay, Jonathan M Schapiro, Douglas D Richman
{"title":"Update of the Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1.","authors":"Victoria A Johnson,&nbsp;Francoise Brun-Vezinet,&nbsp;Bonaventura Clotet,&nbsp;Huldrych F Gunthard,&nbsp;Daniel R Kuritzkes,&nbsp;Deenan Pillay,&nbsp;Jonathan M Schapiro,&nbsp;Douglas D Richman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The International AIDS Society-USA (IAS-USA) Drug Resistance Mutations Group reviews new data on HIV-1 drug resistance that have been published or presented at recent scientific meetings to maintain a current list of mutations associated with antiretroviral drug resistance.This December 2008 version of the IAS-USA drug resistance mutations figures updates those published in this journal in March/April 2008 (Johnson VA, Brun-Vezinet F, Clotet B, et al, Top HIV Med, 2008;16:62-68). The compilation includes mutations that may contribute to a reduced virologic response to HIV-1 drugs. It should not be assumed that the list presented here is exhaustive. Drugs that have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) as well as any drugs available in expanded access programs are included and listed in alphabetical order by drug class. The figures are designed for practitioners to use in identifying key mutations associated with viral resistance to antiretroviral drugs and in making therapeutic decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 5","pages":"138-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27920392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Drug-drug interactions with newer antiretroviral agents. 药物与新抗逆转录病毒药物的相互作用。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-12-01
Judith A Aberg
{"title":"Drug-drug interactions with newer antiretroviral agents.","authors":"Judith A Aberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowledge of drug interactions among antiretroviral agents and other drugs used by HIV-infected patients is essential to maintaining safety and efficacy of drug treatment. Often, the clinical impact of drug-drug interactions cannot be predicted on the basis of pharmacokinetic interactions alone, highlighting the need for studies and analyses that provide exposure-response data. Drug interactions in HIV-infected patients can be complex and sometimes counterintuitive, and practitioners must increasingly rely on a concerted approach to gathering information on drug interactions that goes beyond studies showing exposure changes for coadministered drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 5","pages":"146-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27920396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.4135/9781412961165.n323
J. Bartlett
{"title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.","authors":"J. Bartlett","doi":"10.4135/9781412961165.n323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412961165.n323","url":null,"abstract":"Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is epidemic in the community, differs from nosocomial MRSA in virulence, mechanisms, and antibiotic susceptibility, and exhibits diverse and often unique pathologic characteristics. The community-acquired MRSA USA 300 strains are transmitted largely by person-to-person contact and cause characteristic soft-tissue abscesses and, less commonly, other sometimes unusual and serious infections including a necrotizing pneumonia, and other necrotic infections such as necrotizing fasciitis, pelvic thrombophlebitis, and septic phlebitis. This MRSA 300 family remains susceptible to drugs active against nosocomial MRSA (ie, vancomycin, linezolid, daptomycin) and is often susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and clindamycin. Recent epidemiologic data indicate that nosocomial MRSA (eg, mainly USA 100) strains are also present in the community and that MRSA USA 300 strains are present in hospital settings, with both families found in intermediate frequency in health care-associated settings (eg, nursing homes, dialysis centers). More work is needed to identify effective barrier precautions to limit their spread.","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"78 1","pages":"151-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80077555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Renal dysfunction and tenofovir toxicity in HIV-infected patients. hiv感染患者的肾功能障碍和替诺福韦毒性。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-10-01
Lynda A Szczech
{"title":"Renal dysfunction and tenofovir toxicity in HIV-infected patients.","authors":"Lynda A Szczech","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Potentially nephrotoxic drugs are only 1 of several causes of renal dysfunction in HIV. Data from the period before the wide use of tenofovir show a variety of prerenal, renal, and obstructive causes of acute renal failure (ARF) in HIV outpatients. Results of clinical trials of tenofovir indicate a rate of ARF of approximately 1%, with observational cohort data indicating a somewhat higher rate. Thus, in evaluating patients with rising serum creatinine levels, including those receiving tenofovir, diagnostic efforts should go beyond discontinuation of potentially offending drugs. This article summarizes a presentation on renal dysfunction in HIV and renal toxicity of antiretroviral drugs made by Lynda A. Szczech, MD, MSCE, at an International AIDS Society-USA Continuing Medical Education course in Washington, DC, in May 2008. The original presentation is available as a Webcast at www.iasusa.org.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 4","pages":"122-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27715031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pathogenesis and treatment of lipodystrophy: what clinicians need to know. 脂肪营养不良的发病机制和治疗:临床医生需要知道的。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-10-01
Fred R Sattler
{"title":"Pathogenesis and treatment of lipodystrophy: what clinicians need to know.","authors":"Fred R Sattler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathogenesis of lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients is likely multifactorial, involving effects of antiretroviral medications, HIV itself, as well as genetic and other host factors. Protease inhibitors have been associated with fat accumulation, and the nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nRTIs) stavudine, didanosine, and zidovudine have been associated with fat loss (lipoatrophy). Strategies that have met with some success in reducing central fat accumulation include treatment with growth hormone or growth hormone-releasing hormone. Strategies that have met with some success for lipoatrophy include switching from nRTIs associated with lipoatrophy or starting treatment with regimens that include drugs associated with lower risk of lipoatrophy (tenofovir, abacavir, lamivudine, emtricitabine). This article summarizes a presentation on lipodystrophy made by Fred R. Sattler, MD, at an International AIDS Society--USA Continuing Medical Education course in Washington, DC, in May 2008. The original presentation is available as a Webcast at www.iasusa.org.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 4","pages":"127-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27714965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emerging resistance profiles of newly approved antiretroviral drugs. 新批准的抗逆转录病毒药物的耐药概况。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-10-01
Eric S Daar
{"title":"Emerging resistance profiles of newly approved antiretroviral drugs.","authors":"Eric S Daar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antiretroviral treatment goal in highly treatment-experienced patients is now suppression of viral replication to undetectable levels, a goal that can be achieved by strategic use of combinations that include newer antiretroviral drugs. Newer drugs in established classes that improve virologic response when added to optimized background therapy include the protease inhibitors darunavir and tipranavir and the second-generation nonnucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor etravirine. New drugs from new classes that have proved active in treatment-experienced patients include the chemokine coreceptor 5 (CCR5) antagonist maraviroc and the integrase strand-transfer inhibitor raltegravir. Knowledge of the resistance patterns and predictors of response with these new agents and careful selection of background therapy are crucial to maximizing virologic response and preventing emergence of resistance. This article summarizes a presentation on emerging resistance profiles of newer antiretroviral drugs made by Eric S. Daar, MD, at an International AIDS Society-USA Continuing Medical Education course in Los Angeles in March 2008. The original presentation is available as a Webcast at www.iasusa.org.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 4","pages":"110-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27715026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Non--AIDS-defining malignancies in HIV. 非艾滋病定义的艾滋病毒恶性肿瘤。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-10-01
Ronald T Mitsuyasu
{"title":"Non--AIDS-defining malignancies in HIV.","authors":"Ronald T Mitsuyasu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the potent antiretroviral therapy era, the incidence of AIDS-defining cancers has decreased and the incidence of non--AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) has increased, as has the proportion of mortality associated with NADC in HIV-infected patients. The increase in NADCs is partly associated with increased longevity of the HIV-infected population, but it may also reflect consequences of increased immune activation and decreased immune surveillance as well as direct effects of HIV. The NADCs appear to have earlier onset and worse prognosis in HIV-infected patients than in the general cancer population. Among cancers that have increased in incidence are lung cancer, with its strong association with tobacco use, and skin cancers. Much remains to be learned about risk, risk reduction, optimal treatment, and drug interactions in HIV-infected cancer patients. This article summarizes a presentation on malignancies in HIV infection made by Ronald T. Mitsuyasu, MD, at an International AIDS Society-USA Continuing Medical Education course in San Francisco in May 2008. The original presentation is available as a Webcast at www.iasusa.org.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 4","pages":"117-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27715028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antiretroviral drug resistance testing in adult HIV-1 infection: 2008 recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA panel. 成人HIV-1感染的抗逆转录病毒耐药性检测:国际艾滋病协会-美国小组2008年的建议。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-08-01
Martin S Hirsch, Huldrych F Günthard, Jonathan M Schapiro, Françoise Brun-Vézinet, Bonaventura Clotet, Scott M Hammer, Victoria A Johnson, Daniel R Kuritzkes, John W Mellors, Deenan Pillay, Patrick G Yeni, Donna M Jacobsen, Douglas D Richman
{"title":"Antiretroviral drug resistance testing in adult HIV-1 infection: 2008 recommendations of an International AIDS Society-USA panel.","authors":"Martin S Hirsch,&nbsp;Huldrych F Günthard,&nbsp;Jonathan M Schapiro,&nbsp;Françoise Brun-Vézinet,&nbsp;Bonaventura Clotet,&nbsp;Scott M Hammer,&nbsp;Victoria A Johnson,&nbsp;Daniel R Kuritzkes,&nbsp;John W Mellors,&nbsp;Deenan Pillay,&nbsp;Patrick G Yeni,&nbsp;Donna M Jacobsen,&nbsp;Douglas D Richman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Resistance to antiretroviral drugs remains an important limitation to successful human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) therapy. Resistance testing can improve treatment outcomes for infected individuals. The availability of new drugs from various classes, standardization of resistance assays, and the development of viral tropism tests necessitate new guidelines for resistance testing. The International AIDS Society-USA convened a panel of physicians and scientists with expertise in drug-resistant HIV-1, drug management, and patient care to review recently published data and presentations at scientific conferences and to provide updated recommendations. Whenever possible, resistance testing is recommended at the time of HIV infection diagnosis as part of the initial comprehensive patient assessment, as well as in all cases of virologic failure. Tropism testing is recommended whenever the use of chemokine receptor 5 antagonists is contemplated. As the roll out of antiretroviral therapy continues in developing countries, drug resistance monitoring for both subtype B and non-subtype B strains of HIV will become increasingly important.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 3","pages":"266-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28459764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
HIV-associated neurocognitive disease continues in the antiretroviral era. 艾滋病毒相关的神经认知疾病在抗逆转录病毒时代仍在继续。
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-06-01
David B Clifford
{"title":"HIV-associated neurocognitive disease continues in the antiretroviral era.","authors":"David B Clifford","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the ability to suppress viral replication with antiretroviral therapy, HIV-associated neurocognitive disturbances can still be detected in nearly half of patients. Neurologic dysfunction before initiating or in the absence of antiretroviral treatment is primarily the result of neuronal dysfunction or loss from direct viral effects, whereas that in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy appears to be associated at least in part with inflammation driven by chronic low-level infection. Contributing factors may include genetic differences in HIV and human hosts and aging of patients. This article summarizes a presentation on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder made by David B. Clifford, MD, at an International AIDS Society-USA Continuing Medical Education course in New York in October 2007.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 2","pages":"94-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40525825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insulin resistance in HIV infection: drugs, host responses, or restoration to health? HIV感染中的胰岛素抵抗:药物、宿主反应还是恢复健康?
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA Pub Date : 2008-06-01
Carl Grunfeld
{"title":"Insulin resistance in HIV infection: drugs, host responses, or restoration to health?","authors":"Carl Grunfeld","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protease inhibitors (PIs) are widely assumed to be associated with a syndrome of insulin resistance accompanied by hyperlipidemia and fat redistribution. Insulin resistance in HIV infection has numerous other causes, however, which include not only the direct effects of antiretroviral drugs but also factors such as aging and restoration to health accompanied by fat accumulation. Studies of PIs in HIV-infected and noninfected patients indicate that some of these drugs are associated with reduced insulin sensitivity (greater acute versus chronic effects) that may be due to direct blockade of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter in muscle and fat cells. Other studies have shown that insulin levels increase over time with antiretroviral therapy, likely the result of improved health, fat accumulation, and aging, and that increases in visceral fat and upper trunk fat are associated with a higher risk of insulin resistance in HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals alike. This article summarizes a presentation on insulin resistance in HIV infection made by Carl Grunfeld, MD, PhD, at the 10th Annual Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Clinical Update in Phoenix in June 2007.</p>","PeriodicalId":85800,"journal":{"name":"Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the International AIDS Society, USA","volume":"16 2","pages":"89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40524182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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