The journal of the British Menopause Society最新文献_第8页

Adjuvant aromatase inhibitors and bone health. 佐剂芳香酶抑制剂与骨骼健康。

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006778234020

Simon Chowdhury, Lisa M Pickering, Paul A Ellis

{"title":"Adjuvant aromatase inhibitors and bone health.","authors":"Simon Chowdhury, Lisa M Pickering, Paul A Ellis","doi":"10.1258/136218006778234020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1258/136218006778234020","url":null,"abstract":"Adjuvant hormonal therapy results in substantial improvements in disease-free and overall survival for women with operable breast cancer. Use of an aromatase inhibitor (AI) is expected to replace tamoxifen as standard care for many patients. Aromatase is the enzyme responsible for the final step in estrogen biosynthesis. This is the conversion of the androgens testosterone and androstenedione to the estrogens estrone and estradiol. AIs are potent inhibitors of estrogen production and thus one of the major concerns over their use is their effect on bone health and their potential to increase the incidence of osteoporosis and risk of fracture. The American Society of Clinical Oncology has recognized that these patients are at high risk of developing osteoporosis and has published guidelines to aid in their management. These recommend that all patients have an initial dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) bone scan to assess bone mineral density and are offered calcium and vitamin D supplements as well as lifestyle advice. Patients with osteoporosis should be treated with a bisphosphonate to reduce the incidence of fracture. Osteonecrosis of the jaws is a recently described adverse side-effect of bisphosphonate therapy and has been described in women with metastatic breast cancer. Oversuppression of bone turnover is probably the primary mechanism for the development of this condition. The degree of risk for osteonecrosis with bisphosphonates is uncertain and warrants careful monitoring.","PeriodicalId":85745,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the British Menopause Society","volume":"12 3","pages":"97-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1258/136218006778234020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26295772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Literature review – Notes from the journals 文献回顾-期刊笔记

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006778234002

J. Mcgarry

{"title":"Literature review – Notes from the journals","authors":"J. Mcgarry","doi":"10.1258/136218006778234002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1258/136218006778234002","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence and risk factors for urinary incontinence in women with type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting glucose: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001–2002 Brown JS, Vittinghoff E, Lin F, et al. Diabetes Care 2006;29:1307–12 Objective. Diabetes is associated with increased risk of urinary incontinence. It is unknown whether women with pre-diabetes, or impaired fasting glucose (IFG), have an increased prevalence of incontinence. Methods. Fasting plasma glucose, information about diabetes and urinary incontinence were examined in nearly 1500 non-pregnant adult women. Self-reporting of incontinence of all types was recorded. Results. Seventeen per cent of the women had diabetes and 11% had IFG. The prevalence of incontinence was similar in women in the two groups, and significantly higher than among women with normal fasting glucose. In addition to well recognized risk factors, including age, weight and oral estrogen use, two microvascular complications caused by diabetes, macroalbuminuria and peripheral neuropathic pain, were associated with incontinence. Conclusions. Medical observers should be alert for incontinence in women with diabetes and IFG. ST AR PA PE R","PeriodicalId":85745,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the British Menopause Society","volume":"34 1","pages":"128 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72729039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Migraine and the menopause. 偏头痛和更年期。

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-09-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006778234048

E Anne MacGregor

引用次数: 21

Phytoestrogens and cardiovascular disease. 植物雌激素与心血管疾病。

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006777525776

Aedín Cassidy, Lee Hooper

{"title":"Phytoestrogens and cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Aedín Cassidy, Lee Hooper","doi":"10.1258/136218006777525776","DOIUrl":"10.1258/136218006777525776","url":null,"abstract":"The most extensively studied class of phytoestrogens, isoflavones, occur in soybeans and other legumes. Six systematic reviews have assessed the effects of soy isoflavones on lipid levels, and suggested that a diet supplemented with soy protein isolate (ISP) containing isoflavones reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by around 0.15 mmol/L, but without clear effects on triglycerides or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, no review has suggested that purified soy isoflavones or soy protein without isoflavones (where the isoflavones have been removed by an alcohol wash) have statistically significant effects. It remains unclear which are the active components of soy. They may include soy protein which has not been denatured by alcohol wash, interaction of isoflavones within the intact soy matrix, or other compounds removed in the alcohol-extracted fraction. The reduction in total cholesterol may be greater in men than in postmenopausal women. There is little evidence that the effectiveness of soy varies with baseline serum lipid levels, or the amount of isoflavone or soy protein consumed. However, changes in triglycerides may be related to baseline levels. While there is no evidence of beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on blood pressure, arterial compliance or oxidation of LDL cholesterol, there may be beneficial effects on endothelial function in postmenopausal women, and on homocysteine concentrations. There is little suggestion of adverse effects of soy or isoflavones at physiological doses, although those taking soy isoflavone supplements do appear to have higher levels of gastro intestinal and menstrual complaints. There have been no published trials on the effects of phytoestrogens on mortality or cardiovascular events, so studies currently rely on the above bio markers of risk. Most evidence relates to soy isoflavones, but there is some evidence for lignans. Further robust studies assessing the effects of whole soy foods on cardiovascular outcomes are needed.","PeriodicalId":85745,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the British Menopause Society","volume":"12 2","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1258/136218006777525776","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26091565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 77

Literature review – Notes from the journals 文献回顾-期刊笔记

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006777525785

J. Mcgarry

引用次数: 0

Hormone replacement therapy: time to move on? 激素替代疗法:是时候继续前进了?

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006777525767

Dennis A Davey

{"title":"Hormone replacement therapy: time to move on?","authors":"Dennis A Davey","doi":"10.1258/136218006777525767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1258/136218006777525767","url":null,"abstract":"The risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) need to be put in perspective. In the analysis of clinical trials, emphasis is often placed on relative risks, statistical significance and 95% confidence intervals, whereas, from a clinical perspective, more may be gained from a consideration of the absolute and attributable risks of therapy. The Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences recommended that the frequency of adverse events be categorized as \"rare\" if less than 1/1000 but more than 1/10,000, and as \"very rare\" if less than 1/10,000. In the analyses of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), the attributable risks were \"appreciable\" (i.e. more than 1/1000) only in women aged over 70 years, with the exception of the risks of venous thromboembolism and stroke. The women in the WHI trial do not represent the relatively younger, healthy, postmenopausal women most commonly prescribed HRT, who are probably at much lower risk. Moreover, the WHI trial did not take into account the benefit of relief of menopausal symptoms, which is, for many women, paramount and outweighs the \"rare\" long-term risks. Age may be a useful guide to risks and some simple guidelines for management, based on age, are suggested. Many women have been denied or have discontinued HRT because of the fear of risks, which may not have been put in perspective or fully understood. The care of postmenopausal women is not static, and sufficient has now been learned to enable each menopausal woman, with the help of her medical adviser, to come to a balanced and reasonable decision.","PeriodicalId":85745,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the British Menopause Society","volume":"12 2","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1258/136218006777525767","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26090226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Director's report 董事的报告

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006777525758

Pat Patterson

引用次数: 0

Age-related macular degeneration. 老年性黄斑变性。

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006777525703

G B Arden

{"title":"Age-related macular degeneration.","authors":"G B Arden","doi":"10.1258/136218006777525703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1258/136218006777525703","url":null,"abstract":"Age-related macular degeneration is a common cause of blindness. Its incidence is increasing, partly due to the advancing age of the population in North America and Europe, but there is no doubt that the age-adjusted rates are also increasing, which points to some environmental influence. The condition is characterized by the appearance of retinal deposits called drusen. These and other changes form a barrier between the retinal pigment epithelium and the choroidal circulation. As a result, new vessels may grow from the choroid and penetrate the retina. These new vessels are delicate and can leak or bleed. Such episodes occur in the \"wet\" form of age-related macular degeneration and cause the well known disciform degeneration, which in turn leads to distortion of the image and rapid loss of vision. Even when this does not happen, areas of retina may atrophy, probably due to anoxia: this is the \"dry\" form of the disease, also called geographic atrophy. In trials, scattered laser burns have been applied to the retina but the long-term benefits of this are as yet uncertain. New micro-pulse lasers are coming into use which may be more effective. Surgical treatments include translocation of the retina and photodynamic therapy. Medical therapies attracting attention are intraocular injections of anti-angiogenic drugs, such as ranibizumab. These need further evaluation, as does the role of diet. Within a few years blindness due to age-related macular degeneration may be reduced by combining dietary control, screening for visual loss, and medical and surgical methods of treatment.","PeriodicalId":85745,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the British Menopause Society","volume":"12 2","pages":"64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1258/136218006777525703","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26091567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Tibolone is not used as a first-line therapy: implications for the Million Women Study analysis. 替博龙不被用作一线治疗:对百万妇女研究分析的影响。

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006777525730

Tony Seeley

引用次数: 1

The role of nutrition in dementia: an overview. 营养在痴呆症中的作用:综述。

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006777525749

Rossana Salerno-Kennedy, Kevin D Cashman

引用次数: 4