The journal of the British Menopause Society最新文献_第9页

Molecular pathology of epithelial ovarian cancer. 上皮性卵巢癌的分子病理学。

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006777525794

Michael Christie, Martin K Oehler

{"title":"Molecular pathology of epithelial ovarian cancer.","authors":"Michael Christie, Martin K Oehler","doi":"10.1258/136218006777525794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1258/136218006777525794","url":null,"abstract":"Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecological malignancy and it most commonly occurs in postmenopausal women. Ninety per cent of ovarian cancers are derived from the ovarian surface epithelium and these neoplasms are classified into serous, mucinous, endometrioid, clear-cell and transitional-cell types. The molecular pathology of ovarian carcinomas is heterogeneous and involves various putative precursor lesions and multiple pathways of development. The most common subtype, high-grade serous carcinoma, is characterized by p53 mutations, and BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 dysfunction. It most likely arises from epithelium within inclusion cysts or from the surface of the ovary. In contrast, low-grade serous carcinomas are characterized by KRAS or BRAF mutations and appear to arise via an adenoma-borderline-carcinoma sequence. Similarly, mucinous carcinomas have KRAS mutations and probably develop via an adenoma-borderline-carcinoma sequence. Low-grade endometrioid carcinomas, however, are characterized by mutations in PTEN and CTNNB1, and microsatellite instability, and may arise from ovarian endometriosis or borderline endometrioid tumours. High-grade endometrioid carcinomas have similar changes to high-grade serous carcinomas. Clear-cell carcinomas are characterized by mutations of TGFbetaR2 and over-expression of HNF-1beta, and probably arise from ovarian endometriosis. The molecular changes in transitional-cell carcinomas of the ovary remain largely unknown. The identified molecular changes and pathways of development in epithelial ovarian cancer will facilitate the rationalized development of new diagnostic modalities and tailored therapies for this malignancy.","PeriodicalId":85745,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the British Menopause Society","volume":"12 2","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1258/136218006777525794","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26091566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 54

Age at menopause, and knowledge of and attitudes to menopause, of women in Karachi, Pakistan. 巴基斯坦卡拉奇妇女更年期的年龄、对更年期的认识和态度。

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006777525721

L A Baig, S A Karim

{"title":"Age at menopause, and knowledge of and attitudes to menopause, of women in Karachi, Pakistan.","authors":"L A Baig, S A Karim","doi":"10.1258/136218006777525721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1258/136218006777525721","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The objectives of the study were to identify the average age at menopause in Karachi and to assess knowledge of and attitudes to the menopause among Pakistani women in different social strata.Study design: A population-based cross-sectional study of 960 women aged over 35 years was conducted.Results: As insufficient data were available for 35 women, 925 interviews were analysed. There were 287 menopausal women, whose mean (SD) age at menopause was 47.1 (4.7) years (95% CI 46.8 to 47.6). Of these 287 women, 135 (47%) wanted their menses to continue and 235 (82%) had consulted a physician after the menopause. Of all 925 women, 58% knew the correct definition of the menopause, all had consulted a physician for various symptoms related to the menopause and 53% said that women should consult a physician premenopausally. Symptoms experienced by premenopausal women included lack of sleep (25%), fear of infertility (13%) and urinary incontinence (18%). The majority of the overall sample (52%) were sexually active. Of the sexually active women, 16% had marital problems, compared with 44% of sexually inactive women, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Source of knowledge about the menopause included relatives (35%), television (18%), neighbours (17%), friends (17%) and health-care providers (14%).Conclusions: Evidence-based information about the menopause should be provided for Pakistani women.","PeriodicalId":85745,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the British Menopause Society","volume":"12 2","pages":"71-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1258/136218006777525721","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26090225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Noradrenergic and serotonergic modulation to treat vasomotor symptoms. 去甲肾上腺素能和血清素能调节治疗血管舒缩症状。

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-03-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006775997207

Paola Albertazzi

{"title":"Noradrenergic and serotonergic modulation to treat vasomotor symptoms.","authors":"Paola Albertazzi","doi":"10.1258/136218006775997207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1258/136218006775997207","url":null,"abstract":"Hot flushes are a major clinical problem for many menopausal women. Their aetiology is unknown. Centrally acting neurotransmitters are involved, but this involvement is yet to be fully characterized. In clinical trials with optimal patient selection and compliance, estrogen can reduce the frequency of hot flushes by 70-80%, and placebo by 20-40%. For some women, however, there are contraindications to the use of estrogen, and others are unwilling to use it. Furthermore, hot flushes may persist in spite of adequate estrogen replacement, and to improve symptoms physicians then have either to add another drug to the regimen or find an alternative to estrogen. The most commonly used non-hormonal alternatives for climacteric symptoms are neurotransmitter modulators such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. These reduce the frequency of hot flushes by 60%. The mechanism of this effect appears to differ from that underlying their effect on mood. They are generally well tolerated and rates of adverse events are far lower than those reported in studies of the use of these agents for depression. The limited efficacy of clonidine suggests that adrenergic mechanisms may be involved and data are awaited for more specific selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors. Thus, non-hormonal treatments are not as effective as estrogens in relieving hot flushes but may have a place as an alternative.","PeriodicalId":85745,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the British Menopause Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1258/136218006775997207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25885328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Advances in cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus vaccines. 宫颈癌筛查和人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的研究进展。

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-03-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006775997252

Cynthia Feeley

引用次数: 5

Managing women with a previous diagnosis of endometriosis. 处理先前诊断为子宫内膜异位症的妇女。

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-03-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006775997243

Christine Bain

引用次数: 5

Levonorgestrel intrauterine system for endometrial protection. 左炔诺孕酮宫内系统保护子宫内膜。

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-03-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006775992176

David Sturdee

引用次数: 8

Vibration exercise makes your muscles and bones stronger: fact or fiction? 振动运动使你的肌肉和骨骼更强壮:事实还是虚构?

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-03-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006775997261

Marco Cardinale, Jörn Rittweger

{"title":"Vibration exercise makes your muscles and bones stronger: fact or fiction?","authors":"Marco Cardinale, Jörn Rittweger","doi":"10.1258/136218006775997261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1258/136218006775997261","url":null,"abstract":"Vibration transmitted to the whole body or part of it has been extensively studied in relation to the risks to the health and safety of workers. These studies have highlighted the particular danger of lower-back morbidity and spinal trauma arising after prolonged exposure to vibration. However, short-term exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) or the use of vibrating dumbbells can have beneficial effects on the musculoskeletal system. As a consequence of this encouraging work, many manufacturers have developed exercise devices characterized by vibrating plates transmitting vibration to the whole body and vibrating dumbbells. Preliminary results seem to recommend WBV exercise as a therapeutic alternative for preventing/reversing sarcopenia and possibly osteoporosis. However, there is a paucity of well designed studies in the elderly. In particular, there is a lack of understanding of the physiological mechanisms involved in the adaptive responses to vibration exposure, and of the most appropriate vibration parameters to be used in order to maximize gains and improve safety. The effectiveness of this novel exercise modality on musculoskeletal structures is examined in this review. The physiological mechanisms involved in the adaptive responses to vibration exercise are discussed and suggestions for future studies are made.","PeriodicalId":85745,"journal":{"name":"The journal of the British Menopause Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"12-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1258/136218006775997261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25885329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 152

A new hormone replacement therapy containing a progestogen with anti-mineralocorticoid activity. 一种新的激素替代疗法，含有抗矿物质皮质激素活性的孕激素。

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-03-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006775992167

John C Stevenson

引用次数: 4

Psychosexual problems after gynaecological cancer. 妇科癌症后的性心理问题。

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-03-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006775997216

Caren Sheppard, Rose Whiteley

引用次数: 7

Literature review – Notes from the journals 文献回顾-期刊笔记

The journal of the British Menopause Society Pub Date : 2006-03-01 DOI: 10.1258/136218006775997199

J. Mcgarry

引用次数: 0