Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution最新文献

{"title":"Risk of Ceftriaxone (Antibiotic) in the Tigris River Water, Iraq","authors":"Ibrahim Al-Sudani, Hamsa Abed Al-Razzaq, Roaa Audy, Asmaa Al-Khayat","doi":"10.3233/ajw240011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw240011","url":null,"abstract":"There are several causes of hemolytic diseases, such as viral or bacterial contamination, enlarged spleen, and typhoid fever, which can be transmitted through contaminated water. Polluted wastewater samples were collected for the period of June-2022 to (May-2023) from five stations in Baghdad City such as Al- Gureat, Al-Ahdamyah, Bab Al-Muhadum, Bab Al-Sharqy and Al-Jadryah stations on the Tigris Riverbanks for the studying of Ceftriaxone antibiotic risk. The concentrations of ceftriaxone have been detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results reveal that concentrations of ceftriaxone in the water fluctuated via sampling stations and seasons; so the highest concentration was 8 × 10-5 ppm in site 2 at Ahdamyah station, while the lowest concentrations was 1 × 10-7 ppm in site 5 sites at Al-Jadryah station during wet season 2023. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences between the study stations, except for the control station. The detection of ceftriaxone in raw surface water confirms that sewage from health institutions reaches the river without any effective treatment.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139799601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of a Green Adsorbent Surface Gels: Development of Ratio Preparation of Polymer SA/Bentonite Bead, and its Industrial Applications for Removal of Aqueous Pollutants","authors":"Zaied A. Mossa, Faris Hamood Mohammed, Aseel M. Aljeboree, A. Alkaim","doi":"10.3233/ajw240006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw240006","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, polymer gels sodium alginate/bentonite clay adsorbent beads (SA/Ben) were prepared via encapsulating natural bentonite (Bn) in sodium alginate (SA). The ratio of Polymer Gels SA/Bn was used during preparation bead to yield beads (1/1 w/w), SA-Bn2 (1/2 w/w), and SA-Bn3 (1/3 w/w), respectively. These adsorbents were characterized via different characterisation FESEM, TEM, XRD and EDX to give high confidence of the prepared surface. The adsorption of Clonazepam drug (CLZ) from aqueous solution on the SA/Bn beads was investigated as a function of different factors, including the initial concentration of CLZ, the weight of SA/Bn beads gel, pH solution, temperature of solution and equilibrium time. Adsorption models of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied and were found to be well described via the isotherm of Freundlich model. The results showed that among the three types of prepared surfaces SA/Bn beads, SA-Bn1 presented the greatest CLZ adsorption capacity. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated including change free of Gibbs energy (ΔG), change entropy (ΔS), and change enthalpy. The change enthalpy of CLZ drug adsorption was found to be positive for the SA/Bn bead and the reaction of adsorption spontaneous and exothermic. After the adsorption proses the SA/Bn beads can easily be regenerated via water and re-used within four cycles.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139859145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Minerals and Health Impact of Metals in Dust Storm Fallen on Baghdad, Iraq","authors":"Mohammed I. Mohammed, Mohammad F. Abid, Ibthal Albassam, Hiba M. Abdullah, Adnan A. Abdul Razak, M. A. Mahmoud, Eman K. Alaq, Farah M. Aswed","doi":"10.3233/ajw240008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw240008","url":null,"abstract":"In Iraq, dust storms have increased drastically over the past decade due to desertification, dryness, and potential outcomes of climate variation. The present study determined the material composition of the dust storm that attacked Baghdad on the 14th of April 2022. Techniques like XRD, SEM, FTIR, and BET were used to identify the structure, particle size and mineral constituents. The study was performed by collecting dust storm samples from different areas of Baghdad. Experimental results showed that the particle within the highest range was between 186 nm and 248 nm and the mean diameter was 217 nm in which the maximum intensity was determined. The identified elements (Si, Ca, Ti, C. Al, Fe, Mg, Cu, and S) and nonmetallic elements C and O with different average weight percent while calcium and silicon were the most abundant elements. Assessment of their toxicological impacts on human health particularly on human eyes has also been done. Eye maladies were the most usually considered health status in all source locations of Baghdad city, ranging from 39.0% to 42.0%. Moreover, respiratory (27.2%–31.4%) and allergic skin (6.6%–9.5%) diseases were the second and third most usually investigated cases, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Winds with Surface Roughness and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Over Iraq","authors":"Wedyan G. Nassif, Ahmed A. Hashim, Sara Muter, Osama T. Al-Taai","doi":"10.3233/ajw240012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw240012","url":null,"abstract":"The methodology used in the study is based on hourly and monthly rates (wind speed and direction, CO2, and surface roughness) obtained from the European Center for Numerical Weather Prediction at 30 sites in Iraq in 2020. The results showed that the maximum wind speed was 4 m/s at 12:00 noon, while the prevailing wind direction for all sites in Iraq was towards the northwest (NW) and the minimum wind speed was 2 m/s at 00:00 AM. By analysing the monthly wind speed and direction for some selected stations, it was found that the highest value of (SW), i.e., 64% was recorded at Rutba station, and the lowest value of (SW) at Basra station was 45%, where the prevailing direction was found to be towards the north-northwest (NNW). The spatial analysis concluded that the wind movement is directed from the north and northwest, explaining that the wind reverses its direction from the mountainous heights to flat lands due to the roughness of the surface in the northern regions above the stations of Iraq. Spearman’s test was carried out between wind speed and surface roughness, and between carbon dioxide and surface roughness. It was found that the correlation strength is weak, and the relationship is inverse between surface roughness and wind speed. This analysis is considered the best way to choose the best wind power plants.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Minerals and Health Impact of Metals in Dust Storm Fallen on Baghdad, Iraq","authors":"Mohammed I. Mohammed, Mohammad F. Abid, Ibthal Albassam, Hiba M. Abdullah, Adnan A. Abdul Razak, M. A. Mahmoud, Eman K. Alaq, Farah M. Aswed","doi":"10.3233/ajw240008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw240008","url":null,"abstract":"In Iraq, dust storms have increased drastically over the past decade due to desertification, dryness, and potential outcomes of climate variation. The present study determined the material composition of the dust storm that attacked Baghdad on the 14th of April 2022. Techniques like XRD, SEM, FTIR, and BET were used to identify the structure, particle size and mineral constituents. The study was performed by collecting dust storm samples from different areas of Baghdad. Experimental results showed that the particle within the highest range was between 186 nm and 248 nm and the mean diameter was 217 nm in which the maximum intensity was determined. The identified elements (Si, Ca, Ti, C. Al, Fe, Mg, Cu, and S) and nonmetallic elements C and O with different average weight percent while calcium and silicon were the most abundant elements. Assessment of their toxicological impacts on human health particularly on human eyes has also been done. Eye maladies were the most usually considered health status in all source locations of Baghdad city, ranging from 39.0% to 42.0%. Moreover, respiratory (27.2%–31.4%) and allergic skin (6.6%–9.5%) diseases were the second and third most usually investigated cases, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139801104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wastewater Treatment by Improving the Local Clay Capacity with Chemical and Thermal Activation","authors":"Nourelhouda Babaami, Ammar Zobeidi, Louiza Zenkheri, Souheyla Boudjema, Ghania Ben Azia, Ahlem Benhania","doi":"10.3233/ajw230079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230079","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, liquid effluents are generally discharged into the environment untreated, which, in turn, are affecting humans, animals and plants. Preserving our environment is a priority, especially with the emergence of epidemics in recent years. As a part of our investigation, we aim to treat the wastewater of the Ouargla region by enhancing the adsorption capacity of local clay collected from El-Oued (Elmghaier, south of Algeria) using thermo-chemical activation for the removal of organic pollutants. The clay used was (illite, kaolinite, and quartz 62.0%, 27.0% and 11.1%, respectively). The experiments proved the efficiency of enhancing the adsorption capacity of local clay by thermo-chemical activation in the treatment of urban wastewater to determine the efficiency by the following characteristics: chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and turbidity, respectively. Acid-activated clay with sulphuric acid achieved high efficiency on polluted water purification at the ideal concentration (0.75 N) and an adsorption rate of (80.16%, 90.74%, 93.33% and 90.74%), while the result decreased in the optimal concentration of acid activated clay HCl (0.134 N) and the adsorption rate was 73%, 60.92%, 94.31% and 65.57%. The thermal activation effect of the clay studied under optimal temperature conditions (400°C) shows that the adsorption ratio increased with higher temperatures (82%, 65%, 89.56% and 78.65%).","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrolysis of Fruit Waste to Reduce Sugars Using Sulphonated Magnetic Carbonaceous Catalyst","authors":"Hemalatha Manivannan, B. L. Anguraj, G. Venkatesan","doi":"10.3233/ajw230078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230078","url":null,"abstract":"The sulphonated magnetic carbonaceous catalyst (Fe3O4@AC-SO3H) was effectively synthesised by functionalising the sulphonic acid group (–SO3H) on the surface of the core-shell structure of magnetic nanoparticle grafted activated carbon and analysed by SEM, XRD, and FT-IR. The As-prepared catalyst may aggressively hydrolyse biomass to sugar in a shorter reaction time. Hydrolysis factors such as catalyst dose, reaction temperature, and duration all had a significant impact on the hydrolysis of pomegranate peel waste. The catalyst could liberate 46% of TRS in 2 hours at 140°C from acid-pretreated pomegranate peel waste. This catalyst can be easily regenerated using a magnet and reused for up to three cycles with improved stability.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced High Activity for Removal and Adsorption Process of Cationic Dye by Using Active Nanocomposite Surface: Reactivation and Isotherm Models","authors":"Aseel M. Aljeboree, A. Alkaim","doi":"10.3233/ajw230076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230076","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, a new low-cost material was synthesised multi carbon nanotube/Zinc oxide nanocomposite (MWCNT/ZnO), nanocomposite used as a sorbent for dye removal from industrial Water treatment, as like cationic model Maxillon blue (GRL) dye in order to find the adsorption mechanism of adsorption methods were studied via FESEM, TEM, and BET. Two models of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm were studied, and according to the data, it was established that it conforms to the isotherm Freundlich estimation on the value of R2 > 0.9798. The reactivation and re-use of (MWCNT/ZnO) nanocomposite were performed by using water in the GRL dye up to Cycle 5 under the best conditions. After the 3 cycles of using (MWCNT/ZnO) nanocomposite, the efficiency is still significant (>80%) and it appears that the (MWCNT/ZnO) nanocomposite is a probable re-newable absorber, moreover, the effect of ionic strength increases the solubility of the GRL dye in aqueous medium. Thus, when salt is added, the aqueous solution decreases the removal percentage. Also, a comparison among several surfaces (ZnONPs, MWCNT, MWCNT/ZnO), found MWCNT/ZnO nanocomposite the best surfaces to remove GRL dye.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Range (LoRa) and Alert Network System for Forest Fire Prediction","authors":"S. Kavitha, K. Kanchana, G. Venkatesan","doi":"10.3233/ajw230080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230080","url":null,"abstract":"Forest fires are a regular occurrence throughout the year with an increasing intensity in the summer and fall periods. Forest fires pose a significant threat to ecosystems, property and human lives. Early detection and rapid response are critical to mitigate the devastating effects of these fires. This article presents a Long Range (LoRa) Alert Network System designed for the early prediction and timely notification of forest fires. The system leverages LoRa technology to create a robust and cost-effective wireless communication network in remote forested areas. These fires primarily stem from various natural and environmental phenomena and natural disasters. The timely dissemination of forest fire alerts was hampered, resulting in delays in fire management. In order to address this issue, efforts were made to enhance the capability for prompt forest fire detection. The challenges predominantly revolve around forested regions where data communication infrastructure is deficient. In the event of a forest fire, there exists a network barrier that impedes information transmission. Consequently, forest fire detection systems leveraging Mesh LoRa networks and image processing networks have been devised. An integrated module within the LoRa/GPS HAT has been explored as a potential solution to the fire predicament. The Flame Sensor Module, functioning as a fire detection sensor component, and the LoRa/GPS HAT, serving as a hardware medium for radio frequency data transmission communication, have been employed. The interconnection of these devices within a network facilitates the development of a prototype fire detection system. Combining a Flame Sensor Module with a LoRa/GPS HAT is indeed a viable approach to creating a prototype fire detection and alert system. By combining the Flame Sensor Module with the LoRa/GPS HAT, a scalable and cost-effective fire detection and alert system appropriate for distant and wooded locations with limited traditional communication infrastructure is created. This system can play a crucial role in early fire detection, potentially reducing the severity of forest fires and protecting both natural resources and human lives.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139227943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising and Analysing the Composition and Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Delhi, India","authors":"Sumant Shekhar, Manoj Chandra Garg, V. Verma, Tanu Jindal","doi":"10.3233/ajw230083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/ajw230083","url":null,"abstract":"This research presents a comprehensive analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) composition and characteristics from four landfill sites in Delhi, India. The study reveals that the moisture content in the MSW from all sites was below 40%, impacting leachate formation and microbial activities. Varied compositions were observed among the sites, with the Okhla landfill having higher paper and plastic content, while the Ghazipur landfill exhibited elevated wood content. Recycling emerges as a crucial focus, with approximately 36.5% of the waste comprising reusable materials like plastic and paper. Composting, particularly vermicomposting, proves to be a promising waste disposal method due to the substantial organic content (approximately 75%) in the MSW. These findings hold significant implications for waste management policies in Delhi, encouraging sustainable practices and effective waste treatment strategies for a greener future.","PeriodicalId":8553,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}