Water Birds Diversity Variations in Tidal and Non-tidal Wetland Habitats in East Al_Hammar Marsh South of Iraq

IF 0.4 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI:10.3233/ajw230026

Aqeel Laftah Al-Emarah, Mufid kassim ABOU-TURAB

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Waterbird diversity and its distribution are deemed as one of the essential issues in the ecological conservation of wetlands areas. However, the differences in the diversity of waterbirds in tidal and non-tidal wetlands have been underestimated. This study aimed to identify the variations in bird diversity between tidal and non-tidal areas in East Al-Hammar marsh to guide the efforts of bird and habitat conservation. The bird survey was extended from August 2020 to March 2021, in three selected sites; Slien (non-tidal area), Al-Sallal and Al-Burqa (tidal areas). Twenty-nine species were observed. These species were classified into three categories: migrant 68.96, resident 6.90% and migrants and residents 24.14%. Species richness indices included; number of species, Margalef and Menhienk indices indicated that the highest values were in the Slien site, there were 19, 3.191 and 1.254, respectively. Similarly, Shannon Weiner and Berlion’s indices showed the highest values in Slien. However, the Berker-Berker dominance index revealed the highest value in the Slien site 0.193. Interestingly, the Jaccard similarity index showed the highest measure of 0.791 between Al-Sallal and Al-Burqa, while the highest dissimilarity index of Whittaker was between Slien and Al-Sallal. In sum, the current data analysis demonstrated that non-tidal areas supported higher diversity of waterbirds than tidal marshes.

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伊拉克南部东阿尔哈马尔沼泽潮汐和非潮汐湿地栖息地水鸟多样性变化

水鸟的多样性及其分布是湿地生态保护的核心问题之一。然而，潮汐湿地和非潮汐湿地水鸟多样性的差异被低估了。本研究旨在了解东Al-Hammar湿地潮区与非潮区鸟类多样性的变化，以指导鸟类和栖息地的保护工作。鸟类调查从2020年8月延长至2021年3月，在三个选定的地点;Slien(非潮区)，Al-Sallal和Al-Burqa(潮区)。共观察到29种。其中，候鸟占68.96%，留鸟占6.90%，兼居鸟占24.14%。物种丰富度指数;物种数、Margalef指数和Menhienk指数均以Slien样地最高，分别为19、3.191和1.254。同样，Shannon Weiner和Berlion的指数在Slien也最高。而Berker-Berker优势度指数在Slien位点最高，为0.193。有趣的是，Jaccard相似指数在Al-Sallal和Al-Burqa之间最高，为0.791，而Whittaker不同指数在Slien和Al-Sallal之间最高。综上所述，目前的数据分析表明，非潮地的水鸟多样性高于潮地。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

20.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Asia, as a whole region, faces severe stress on water availability, primarily due to high population density. Many regions of the continent face severe problems of water pollution on local as well as regional scale and these have to be tackled with a pan-Asian approach. However, the available literature on the subject is generally based on research done in Europe and North America. Therefore, there is an urgent and strong need for an Asian journal with its focus on the region and wherein the region specific problems are addressed in an intelligent manner. In Asia, besides water, there are several other issues related to environment, such as; global warming and its impact; intense land/use and shifting pattern of agriculture; issues related to fertilizer applications and pesticide residues in soil and water; and solid and liquid waste management particularly in industrial and urban areas. Asia is also a region with intense mining activities whereby serious environmental problems related to land/use, loss of top soil, water pollution and acid mine drainage are faced by various communities. Essentially, Asians are confronted with environmental problems on many fronts. Many pressing issues in the region interlink various aspects of environmental problems faced by population in this densely habited region in the world. Pollution is one such serious issue for many countries since there are many transnational water bodies that spread the pollutants across the entire region. Water, environment and pollution together constitute a three axial problem that all concerned people in the region would like to focus on.