Exposure of Ambient PM2.5 and Acute Upper-and Lower Respiratory Infection in Children Under the Age of Five in South and Southeast Asia

IF 0.4 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI:10.3233/ajw230023

M. A. H. Suryadhi, Kawuli Abudureyimu, N. Ekawati, I. M. W. Ruma, Putu Ayu Rhamani Suryadhi, T. Yorifuji

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Studies on ambient PM2.5 exposure and AURI and ALRI in regions such as South and South-East Asia, where levels of PM2.5 are among the highest, are limited. We assessed the associations between ambient PM2.5 exposure and AURI and ALRI in children under the age of 5 years from South and Southeast Asia. We identified subjects from the demographic health survey (DHS). We retrieved PM2.5 information from the Atmospheric Compositional Analysis Group. Annual mean levels of PM2.5 ranged from 21.3 to 73.2 μg/m3. We performed the meta-analytical approach to obtain the pooled results. Our initial results show an association between ambient PM2.5 exposure and AURI (OR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.11) but not ALRI (OR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.98-1.09). However, after controlling for indoor SHS, effect estimates became stronger for AURI and ALRI (OR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04-1.54 and OR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.00-1.44) compared to the uncontrolled group. Our study shows an association between ambient PM2.5 exposure and the prevalence of AURI and ALRI in children under the age of 5 years from South and Southeast Asia. Promoting awareness of air pollution in line with the implementation and monitoring of relevant policies is crucial in establishing clean air and health.

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南亚和东南亚五岁以下儿童暴露于环境PM2.5与急性上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染

在PM2.5水平最高的南亚和东南亚等地区，对环境PM2.5暴露以及AURI和ALRI的研究是有限的。我们评估了环境PM2.5暴露与南亚和东南亚5岁以下儿童急性呼吸道感染和急性呼吸道感染之间的关系。我们从人口健康调查(DHS)中确定受试者。我们从大气成分分析小组检索PM2.5信息。PM2.5的年平均水平在21.3到73.2 μg/m3之间。我们采用荟萃分析方法获得汇总结果。我们的初步结果显示，环境PM2.5暴露与AURI之间存在关联(OR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.11)，但与ALRI无关(OR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.98-1.09)。然而，在控制室内SHS后，与未控制组相比，对AURI和ALRI的影响估计更强(OR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.04-1.54和OR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.00-1.44)。我们的研究表明，环境PM2.5暴露与南亚和东南亚5岁以下儿童急性呼吸道感染和急性呼吸道感染的患病率之间存在关联。在执行和监测相关政策的同时，提高对空气污染的认识，对于建立清洁空气和健康至关重要。

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来源期刊

Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-

CiteScore

1.00

自引率

20.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： Asia, as a whole region, faces severe stress on water availability, primarily due to high population density. Many regions of the continent face severe problems of water pollution on local as well as regional scale and these have to be tackled with a pan-Asian approach. However, the available literature on the subject is generally based on research done in Europe and North America. Therefore, there is an urgent and strong need for an Asian journal with its focus on the region and wherein the region specific problems are addressed in an intelligent manner. In Asia, besides water, there are several other issues related to environment, such as; global warming and its impact; intense land/use and shifting pattern of agriculture; issues related to fertilizer applications and pesticide residues in soil and water; and solid and liquid waste management particularly in industrial and urban areas. Asia is also a region with intense mining activities whereby serious environmental problems related to land/use, loss of top soil, water pollution and acid mine drainage are faced by various communities. Essentially, Asians are confronted with environmental problems on many fronts. Many pressing issues in the region interlink various aspects of environmental problems faced by population in this densely habited region in the world. Pollution is one such serious issue for many countries since there are many transnational water bodies that spread the pollutants across the entire region. Water, environment and pollution together constitute a three axial problem that all concerned people in the region would like to focus on.