Applied Entomology and Zoology最新文献_第9页

Uncultivable and cultivable gut symbiotic bacteria of the jewel stinkbug Scutellera amethystina (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) 不可培养与可培养的紫斑蝽肠道共生细菌（半翅目：紫斑蝽科）

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Applied Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1007/s13355-025-00897-w

Takahiro Hosokawa, Minoru Moriyama, Ryuichi Koga, Takema Fukatsu

{"title":"Uncultivable and cultivable gut symbiotic bacteria of the jewel stinkbug Scutellera amethystina (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae)","authors":"Takahiro Hosokawa, Minoru Moriyama, Ryuichi Koga, Takema Fukatsu","doi":"10.1007/s13355-025-00897-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-025-00897-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Many plant-sucking stinkbugs develop a symbiotic organ in a posterior region of the midgut, wherein specific symbiotic bacteria exist and contribute to survival and reproduction of their hosts. The symbiotic bacteria range from uncultivable ones that have lost the capability of proliferation without their hosts to cultivable ones that retain the ability to proliferate not only within their hosts but also in the external environment. Such diverse host–symbiont relationships seem to represent different evolutionary stages from free-living through facultative symbiosis to obligatory mutualism. However, our understanding of such evolutionary processes toward symbiosis is still limited. Here we investigated the gut symbiotic bacteria of the invasive jewel stinkbugs Scutellera amethystina (Germar) (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) collected from different subtropical island populations in Japan. While most insects were associated with a specific Pantoea-allied uncultivable bacterial symbiont in the midgut symbiotic organ, we found an insect associated with a phylogenetically distinct Pantoea symbiont, which was cultivable and closely related to cultivable gut symbiotic bacteria previously reported from other stinkbug species. These results uncover intraspecific coexistence of uncultivable and cultivable gut symbiotic bacteria in S. amethystina, which provides insights into the evolutionary processes toward obligatory mutualism and symbiont uncultivability.</div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"60 2","pages":"151 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automated survival monitoring system: exploring starvation resistance in newly hatched larvae 自动存活监测系统：探索新孵化幼虫的饥饿抗性

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Applied Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1007/s13355-025-00896-x

Hiroto Ohki, Ki-Hyeon Seong, Takahiro Suzuki, Masami Shimoda

{"title":"Automated survival monitoring system: exploring starvation resistance in newly hatched larvae","authors":"Hiroto Ohki, Ki-Hyeon Seong, Takahiro Suzuki, Masami Shimoda","doi":"10.1007/s13355-025-00896-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-025-00896-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The mechanisms underlying prolonged survival under starvation condition—after animals have depleted their energy reserves from food—remain poorly understood. For accurate measurement of survival durations, we developed a novel automated survival monitoring system for newly hatched larvae under starvation conditions. This system integrates a CCD flatbed scanner with the automated image analysis software, AutoCircaS. Unlike conventional methods, which are often limited to Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae), our system enables the analysis of the newly hatched larval stage under starvation conditions in other species, such as the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) and the silkworm Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Newly hatched larvae of these three species were subjected to starvation conditions, and survival times were recorded in the absence of dietary nutrients. The system achieved an accuracy of 88.5% for D. melanogaster, 79.2% for H. illucens, and 95.0% for B. mori in detecting survival times within 4 h. The median starvation survival times were 1.42 days for D. melanogaster, 6.08 days for H. illucens, and 2.92 days for B. mori, highlighting the particularly long survival of H. illucens compared to the other species. These findings reveal interspecific differences and suggest that variations in ecological backgrounds and adaptive strategies contribute to their starvation tolerance. This system also provides novel insights into the intrinsic starvation responses of insects and offers significant potential for practical applications, such as developing long-term insect preservation techniques through developmental arrest.</div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"60 2","pages":"99 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13355-025-00896-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using DNA metabarcoding to assess insect diversity in grasslands 利用DNA元条形码评估草原昆虫多样性

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Applied Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1007/s13355-025-00898-9

Changjin Lin, Haibin Han, Kejian Lin, Hongmei Cheng, Luyao Fu, Muhammad Ashfaq, Paul D. N. Hebert, Chenxi Liu

{"title":"Using DNA metabarcoding to assess insect diversity in grasslands","authors":"Changjin Lin, Haibin Han, Kejian Lin, Hongmei Cheng, Luyao Fu, Muhammad Ashfaq, Paul D. N. Hebert, Chenxi Liu","doi":"10.1007/s13355-025-00898-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-025-00898-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Insects play a crucial role in maintaining the functionality and stability of grassland ecosystems. Limitations in traditional morphological methods and the shortage of knowledgeable taxonomists have been mitigated by DNA barcoding tools. DNA metabarcoding is rapidly emerging as a cost-effective approach for large-scale biodiversity assessments and pest monitoring. In this study, we used DNA metabarcoding to conduct an in-depth analysis of insect biodiversity in four different types of grasslands in Inner Mongolia. During the nearly 3-month investigation period, 132 bulk samples were assigned 1048 Barcode Index Numbers. Insect biodiversity in sandy grasslands was significantly lower than that in typical grasslands and the agropastoral ecotone. In addition, the identification of inconsistencies at the genus (6.2%) and species (31.3%) levels could be improved. This result highlights the need to enhance and expand DNA barcode reference libraries. Among the 14 arthropod orders identified, the insect order Diptera was the most abundant in all the grassland types. These results indicate that DNA metabarcoding represents a valuable tool for improving taxonomic understanding and biodiversity assessment quality in grassland insect biodiversity monitoring. Moreover, this approach provides support for more comprehensively understanding insect diversity in different types of grasslands.</div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"60 2","pages":"109 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of caffeine on the longevity and locomotion activity of the common green bottle fly, Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) 咖啡因对普通绿瓶蝇（双翅目：茧蝇科）寿命和运动活动的影响

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Applied Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1007/s13355-025-00893-0

Shine Shane Naing, Haruna Fujioka, Teruhisa Matsuura, Takahisa Miyatake

{"title":"Effects of caffeine on the longevity and locomotion activity of the common green bottle fly, Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae)","authors":"Shine Shane Naing, Haruna Fujioka, Teruhisa Matsuura, Takahisa Miyatake","doi":"10.1007/s13355-025-00893-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-025-00893-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The common green bottle fly, Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), is a promising and useful managed pollinator for greenhouse agricultural crops. The fly can pollinate at lower and higher temperatures than European honeybee. However, management of the longevity of pollinators is important for growers using greenhouses. Previous studies using other insects showed that caffeine affects insect longevity and behaviors. For instance, European honeybee live longer and have increased memory after caffeine consumption. How caffeine affects the longevity and behavior of pollinators is worth investigating because it can affect pollinator’s behavior, extend longevity, or be an insecticide against pollinators. In the present study, therefore, the longevity and locomotion of L. sericata were investigated when they were given different caffeine concentrations. First, the longevity of L. sericata with five different caffeine concentrations was compared to the control. The results showed that higher concentrations of caffeine (2%, 1%, and 0.5%) significantly decreased the life span compared to lower concentrations (0.05% and 0.01%). Second, the locomotion activities of L. sericata were examined at those two caffeine concentrations with treated and control male and female flies utilizing a Drosophila Activity Monitor (DAM). Treatment with 0.05% caffeine dramatically reduced locomotion, but treatment of 0.01% caffeine did not. We also compared lipid concentrations of flies: flies treated with 0.05% caffeine had a lower lipid concentration compared to flies treated with 0% and 0.01% caffeine. These results indicate that caffeine had negative effects on the longevity and locomotion activities of the pollinator L. sericata in laboratory conditions.</div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"60 2","pages":"81 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13355-025-00893-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of predator starvation on oviposition site selection of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) 捕食者饥饿对斑点叶螨产卵地点选择的影响（蜱螨亚纲：叶螨科）

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Applied Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1007/s13355-025-00895-y

Tatsuya Yoshida, Yasuyuki Choh

{"title":"Effects of predator starvation on oviposition site selection of two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)","authors":"Tatsuya Yoshida, Yasuyuki Choh","doi":"10.1007/s13355-025-00895-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-025-00895-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Animals select oviposition sites to reduce predation risk for their offspring. Generally, predation risk increases with predator starvation. When predators become more dangerous to prey by starvation, prey should avoid oviposition on patches with starved predators compared with satiated predators. We tested this possibility using herbivorous mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), and two predatory mite species, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae), focusing the role of predatory mite cues in the absence of predatory mite themselves. Adult female P. persimilis and N. californicus that had been starved for 1 or 3 days consumed more T. urticae eggs than satiated conspecifics, irrespective of the starvation duration. This suggests that both predators become more dangerous to T. urticae eggs after having been starved. Subsequently, we offered adult female T. urticae choice between a clean leaf patch or a leaf patch exposed to P. persimilis or N. californicus that had been satiated or starved for 1 or 3 days. Adult female T. urticae laid more eggs on the clean patches in the presence of satiated predator cues than starved predator cues, irrespective of the predator species and starvation duration. These results suggest that adult female T. urticae were less likely to decrease the predation risk to their offspring based on starvation levels of predators. This incomplete predator avoidance may facilitate the coexistence of predators and prey.</div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"60 2","pages":"91 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Redescription of immature stages of the shiitake fungus moth, Morophagoides moriutii Robinson (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) 更正：重新描述了香菇真菌蛾Morophagoides moriutii Robinson的未成熟阶段（鳞翅目：蛾科）

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Applied Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1007/s13355-025-00894-z

Yohei Osada, Jinhyeong Park, Hiroshi Kitajima

引用次数: 0

Regulation of hatching year by seasonal timing of oviposition in the stick insect, Phraortes elongatus (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae) 竹节虫产卵季节对其孵化年份的调节

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Applied Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1007/s13355-024-00891-8

Haruyuki Nakano, Shinpei Matsumoto, Keiji Nakamura

{"title":"Regulation of hatching year by seasonal timing of oviposition in the stick insect, Phraortes elongatus (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae)","authors":"Haruyuki Nakano, Shinpei Matsumoto, Keiji Nakamura","doi":"10.1007/s13355-024-00891-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-024-00891-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The effects of oviposition season on embryonic development and hatching in Phraortes elongatus (Thunberg) (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae) were studied. Nymphs collected from spring through early summer in Okayama, Japan, were reared under outdoor conditions or under constant conditions in the laboratory. After adult emergence, their eggs were used for experimentation. Eggs laid in early summer hatched in the spring of the following year, whereas those laid in autumn hatched in the spring of the second year after oviposition. Dissection revealed that eggs laid in early summer had completed their embryonic development before the first winter, while those laid in autumn were in the early embryonic development stage. Eggs that did not hatch during the first spring completed their embryonic development during autumn. These findings suggest that P. elongatus eggs enter diapause to pass the first winter in an early or late embryonic developmental stage depending on the timing of oviposition. If eggs pass the first winter in an early embryonic developmental stage, diapause is also induced before the second winter in a late embryonic stage. At a constant 25 °C, most eggs completed embryonic development 8 weeks after oviposition and entered diapause. This suggests that warm temperatures during early embryonic development avert the diapause of early-stage embryos. Thus, P. elongatus has a univoltine life cycle when eggs are laid early in the reproductive season, and semivoltine when laid late.</div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"60 1","pages":"53 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Field trial of trap cropping against the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii (Rhabditida: Heteroderidae) in Japan 日本甜菜包囊线虫诱捕栽培的田间试验

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Applied Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1007/s13355-024-00892-7

Shun Yosano, Satoshi Kitabayashi, Hiromichi Sakai

{"title":"Field trial of trap cropping against the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii (Rhabditida: Heteroderidae) in Japan","authors":"Shun Yosano, Satoshi Kitabayashi, Hiromichi Sakai","doi":"10.1007/s13355-024-00892-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-024-00892-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Sugar beet cyst nematode (SBCN) is a serious pest of beet and Brassicaceae crops and was first detected in Japan in 2017. Two varieties of SBCN-resistant radish (‘Kobuberi-daikon’ and ‘KGM1804’) were selected for trap cropping based on pot experiments. However, their effect on the SBCN population was not confirmed under field conditions. In this study, field experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of these radishes on the SBCN population along with chemical treatment (1,3-dichloropropene and dazomet) and fallowing. Trap cropping using ‘Kobuberi-daikon’ and ‘KGM1804’ reduced the population density of SBCN to the same level (55–60% reduction in unhatched eggs) and was superior to fallowing, whereas the anti-nematode effect of both nematicides were higher than that of trap cropping (1,3-dichloropropene: 82% and dazomet: 66%). Considering the other advantages of trap cropping such as lower cost, environmentally friendliness and mitigating soil erosion, trap cropping using radish varieties tested in this study is a useful option for nematode management.</div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"60 1","pages":"67 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of environmental DNA of the Japanese orange fly, Bactrocera tsuneonis (Diptera: Tephritidae), from immature mandarin orange fruits 未成熟柑桔果实中日本海啸小蝇环境DNA的检测

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Applied Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1007/s13355-024-00890-9

Hajime Ono, Shohei Ota, Shinya Kanno, Yuta Nomura, Minoru Narahara, Yoshio Okazaki

{"title":"Detection of environmental DNA of the Japanese orange fly, Bactrocera tsuneonis (Diptera: Tephritidae), from immature mandarin orange fruits","authors":"Hajime Ono, Shohei Ota, Shinya Kanno, Yuta Nomura, Minoru Narahara, Yoshio Okazaki","doi":"10.1007/s13355-024-00890-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-024-00890-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Early detection of insect pest outbreaks is critical for effective pest control. However, this is challenging, especially for pest species such as the Japanese orange fly, Bactrocera tsuneonis (Miyake) (Diptera: Tephritidae), whose larvae grow inside fruits. B. tsuneonis is a univoltine citrus pest, with females laying their eggs directly into the fruits during summer, and larvae develop inside the fruits until pupation in early winter. To monitor B. tsuneonis outbreaks, we developed and validated methods for the detection of environmental DNA (eDNA) in immature fruits collected during summer using quantitative real-time PCR. eDNA samples were prepared from individual fruits with oviposition pinholes left by gravid females during ovipositor probing and oviposition. By immersing the fruits in distilled water for 1 h to extract eDNA, B. tsuneonis eDNA was detected in 20% of the fruits. In addition, B. tsuneonis eDNA was detected in a fruit without oviposition pinholes, albeit at a low rate, suggesting that residual eDNA on fruit surfaces during mating and searching for oviposition sites can be detected. While there remains a possibility of cross-contamination between infected and uninfected fruits due to the lack of negative controls during eDNA extraction, we conducted preliminary field examination in several orchards where B. tsuneonis was either visually observed or not. B. tsuneonis eDNA was detected even at a location where adults were not observed visually, but were captured using plastic-tub traps, indicating a low population density. Thus, our method has practical applicability in various areas, regardless of B. tsuneonis population density.</div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"60 1","pages":"45 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimal inoculation density of Dastarcus longulus (Coleoptera:Bothrideridae) larvae for rearing on pupae of Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae) 长刺蛾（鞘翅目：拟锦蛾科）幼虫在白蛾（鞘翅目：拟锦蛾科）蛹上的最佳接种密度

IF 1.3 4区农林科学

Applied Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1007/s13355-024-00889-2

Tianyi Zheng, Kyo Itoyama

{"title":"Optimal inoculation density of Dastarcus longulus (Coleoptera:Bothrideridae) larvae for rearing on pupae of Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae)","authors":"Tianyi Zheng, Kyo Itoyama","doi":"10.1007/s13355-024-00889-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-024-00889-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The ectoparasitoid Dastarcus longulus Sharp (Coleoptera:Bothrideridae) is considered a potent natural enemy of Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) and other cerambycid beetles. Our previous study highlighted the effectiveness of using once-frozen Zophobas atratus (Coleoptera:Tenebrionidae) pupae as a substitute host for mass rearing of D. longulus, although problems such as low parasitic success rates and small offspring size persist. To address these problems, our study focused on determining the optimal inoculation density of D. longulus larvae for rearing on pupae of Z. atratus. When 5, 10, 20, and 30 D. longulus larvae were inoculated per host, the rate of successful parasitism and pupal body size decreased with higher larval densities. Furthermore, intraspecific competition did not affect the fresh weight of D. longulus pupae and the maximum pupal size was achieved when five larvae were used for inoculation. Based on these results, we conclude that inoculating a single Z. atratus pupa with approximately five D. longulus first instar larvae is the most suitable propagation method.</div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"60 1","pages":"61 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0