Applied Entomology and Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Blue light-input pathways causing lethal effects in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)","authors":"Atsuki Kobayashi,&nbsp;Masatoshi Hori","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00971-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00971-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our previous study demonstrated that blue light irradiation is lethal to various insect species and increases the generations of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a major reactive oxygen species (ROS), in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) pupae. We hypothesized that blue light penetrates the compound eyes and/or integument of the insect, is absorbed by chromophores or photosensitizers, generates ROS, damages tissues, and ultimately leads to death. To test the hypothesis, the role of compound eyes and the integument as blue light-input pathways were investigated using <i>D. melanogaster</i> adults with different phenotypes, including two wild types and seven mutants (<i>white</i>: white eyes, <i>sepia</i>: sepia eyes, <i>Bar</i>: bar eyes, <i>eye missing</i>: absence of eyes, <i>Cry</i>^<i>b</i>: loss of cryptochrome function, <i>norpA</i>: defect in phototransduction, <i>ebony</i>: melanic integument). The results revealed that <i>ebony</i> fly mortality was notably lower than that of the wild types, whereas other mutant strains showed similar or higher mortality rates compared to wild types. This suggests that blue light penetration through the integument plays a crucial role in toxicity, whereas compound eyes and cryptochromes are less critical blue light-input pathways. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between blue light transmittance through the abdominal integument and mortality, although the integument exhibited no specific wavelength selectivity. H₂O₂ levels were higher in flies irradiated with blue light compared to in non-irradiated flies, excluding <i>ebony</i>, among the three phenotypes tested (wild type, <i>white</i>, and <i>ebony</i>). The findings suggest that internal damage caused by blue light transmitted through the integument leads to death.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"269 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13355-026-00971-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of sachet systems to increase release numbers of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae)","authors":"Takeshi Shimoda,&nbsp;Kaori Yara,&nbsp;Ryuji Uesugi","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00970-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00970-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long-life sheltered sachets (LSSs) are used to control small arthropod pests in Japanese crop production. This setup consists of a long-life breeding sachet (LBS), known as a high-performance sachet of predatory mites, and two distinctive materials (water-retaining polymer and a felt patch) that encourage their multiplication inside the shelter made of water-resistant paper. Although LSSs can release large numbers of predatory mites [<i>Amblyseius swirskii</i> (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)] over several weeks, their performance may be further enhanced by the inclusion of supplemental sugar as prey mite food. We first verified this possibility in a laboratory using felt patches treated with 10% or 50% honey solutions. We found that the inclusion of a 50% honey solution resulted in a higher and longer predator release (median: 2147.5 individuals, 2nd–9th weeks) from LSSs than an identical setup but with 10% honey solution (1423.5 individuals, 2nd–7th weeks) or no supplementary food (972.5 individuals, 2nd–7th weeks). We then assessed the effects of cheaper foods on performance using felt patches treated with 25% and 50% soft-yellow sugar solutions. The results showed that 25% soft-yellow sugar solution (2047.0 individuals), 50% soft-yellow sugar solution (2296.0 individuals), or 50% honey solution (1953.5 individuals) resulted in greater numbers of predators released from LSSs than with no supplementary sugar supplied (1204.5 individuals). We concluded, from the viewpoint of predator release and production costs, that soft-yellow sugar solutions (25–50%) are suitable supplementary food sources for this novel sachet system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"261 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic variation in the population cycles and spatial synchrony of the mulberry tiger moth, Lemyra imparilis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), in the Kansai region, western Japan","authors":"Masaru Hondô","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00967-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00967-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Population cycles have received considerable attention due to their interesting spatiotemporal behavior, which involves regular increases and decreases in population density and often synchronous fluctuations between disjunct populations. The mulberry tiger moth, <i>Lemyra imparilis</i> (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is a univoltine moth that is widespread in Japan. The larvae are recognized as a pest that affect a number of important crops. Population changes of <i>L. imparilis</i> were monitored for a maximum of 36 years by annual counting colonial nests at 16 survey sites in the central Kansai region, western Japan. Population fluctuations were highly variable, showing repeated increases and decreases in density. Eight populations monitored over 20 years exhibited cyclic fluctuations with a period of 6–8 years. Density characteristics including extremes, median, amplitude, and cycle length reached higher values in warmer and wetter regions, particularly in the more open landscapes south of 34.6 degrees north. Frequency of high densities was significantly higher in the south. While the strength of the synchrony for all possible pairs of local populations decreased linearly with increasing distance in both northern and southern regions, the range of synchrony was approximately three times greater in the south, extending over approximately 500 km. The geographical variation in the spatiotemporal fluctuations of <i>L. imparilis</i> suggests a greater risk of this species becoming a crop pest in the southern than the northern areas of the central Kansai region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"247 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circadian clock properties and extraocular photoentrainment in the three-band garden slug, Ambigolimax valentianus (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Limacidae)","authors":"Shogo Harada,&nbsp;Shin G. Goto","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00962-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00962-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The circadian clock is an endogenous time-keeping mechanism that enables organisms to synchronize their behavior and physiology with their daily environmental cycles. Although circadian systems have been well-studied in chordates and arthropods, little is known about them in terrestrial mollusks. In this study, we investigated the locomotor activity rhythm of the three-band garden slug, <i>Ambigolimax valentianus</i> (Férussac) (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Limacidae), which can inflict significant damage to crops, fruits, and garden plants, particularly in moist environments and small farming systems. This species showed a nocturnal locomotor activity rhythm under light–dark cycles and a circadian rhythm in constant darkness. The rhythm was temperature-compensated and could be entrained to non-24-h light–dark cycles. These results revealed three critical properties of circadian rhythm: self-sustained oscillation, temperature compensation, and entrainment. Slugs could entrain their locomotor activity rhythms to light–dark cycles, but unexpectedly, not to temperature cycles. Eyeless slugs showed clear rhythmicity and maintained their ability to entrain to light–dark cycles, indicating that extraocular clocks and photoreceptors play a crucial role in regulating locomotor activity rhythms. These findings provide new insights into the circadian biology of this species, highlighting the importance of light as a primary entraining cue and revealing the presence of extraocular photoreceptors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"221 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sweet potato leaf worm in Japan shown to comprise two distinct species: Aedia leucomelas and A. limitaris sp. rev. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Daisuke Watabiki,&nbsp;Shu Arai","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00963-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00963-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The genus <i>Aedia</i> Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is distributed from Europe through Asia to Oceania, and the larva of <i>Aedia leucomelas</i> (Linnaeus) (so-called “Nakajiro-shitaba” in Japan) has long been recognized as an injurious pest of sweet potato (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i> (L.)) in Japan and Korea. In this study, we carried out a taxonomic study of the <i>A. leucomelas</i> and its relatives in Japan based on morphological and molecular analyses. The results revealed that “Nakajiro-shitaba” consists of two distinct species: <i>A. leucomelas</i> and <i>A. limitaris</i> (Walker) sp. rev. Therefore, we redescribe <i>A. limitaris</i> and provide diagnostic morphological and DNA barcode data for adults and larvae of the three Japanese <i>Aedia</i> species, <i>i.e., A. leucomelas</i>, <i>A. limitaris</i>, and <i>A. kumamotonis</i> (Matsumura). We also summarize their distribution and host plant information. Furthermore, our study clarified that <i>A. leucomelas</i> and <i>A. limitaris</i> occur sympatrically in Japan at least in some regions, and that larvae of <i>A. limitaris</i> can successfully feed and grow on the leaves of <i>Ipomoea batatas</i> same as <i>A. leucomelas</i>. These findings suggest that previous records of <i>A. leucomelas</i> in Japan may have included <i>A. limitaris</i>, consequently, re-examination of the distribution and life history of <i>A. leucomelas</i> and <i>A. limitaris</i> is required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"233 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13355-026-00963-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The attraction to conspecific cues during oviposition site selection in the red-necked longhorn beetle Aromia bungii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)","authors":"Takao Konishi,&nbsp;Kazushige Uemori,&nbsp;Hisatomo Taki,&nbsp;Etsuko Shoda-Kagaya","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00966-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00966-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For most insects, decision-making by female parents during egg-laying site selection is key to the survival and development of their offspring. In many insect species, females refer to the behaviour of conspecifics when choosing oviposition sites. Investigating how information from the behaviour of others (or their traces) influences egg-laying decision-making is essential for understanding the biology of insects and developing innovative pest management measures. We focussed on the oviposition behaviour of the red-necked longhorn beetle <i>Aromia bungii</i> (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a severe invasive pest damaging stone fruit trees in Europe and Japan. We showed that <i>A. bungii</i> selects sites previously oviposited on by conspecifics. In laboratory bioassays, the females preferred to add their eggs onto treated branches with conspecific eggs and tended to lay more eggs on branches that already had larger numbers of conspecific eggs. This study is the first to demonstrate the attraction to conspecific cues during egg-laying decision-making in longhorn beetles, while females in these taxa generally avoid traces of the same sex. Our results imply that the benefits of joining conspecifics and engaging in high larval density, such as suppressing the host resistance, outweigh the costs of experiencing resource competition in this species. We provide novel insights into the reproductive behaviour of longhorn beetles, which could be useful for designing environmentally friendly control strategies such as an ‘egg trap’ to encourage the pests to deposit eggs on removable substrates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"297 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) frass to chemical and organic fertilizers on arthropod abundance and edamame plant performance","authors":"Dwi Harya Yudistira,&nbsp;Yongki Umam Sandi,&nbsp;Bayu Anggita Wirabumi,&nbsp;Pinasindi Wikandari,&nbsp;Muhammad Putra Ramadhan,&nbsp;Dewanti Uma Rahmaningtyas,&nbsp;Tetsuya Fukushi,&nbsp;Fariz Ardiansyah Gunawan,&nbsp;Satoru Sato","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00960-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00960-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of <i>Hermetia illucens</i> L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae for the bioconversion of organic waste into protein and frass is gaining popularity. Although frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> has been proposed as an organic fertilizer, its relative impact on crop productivity and soil organism diversity remains insufficiently understood compared to other fertilizers. We, therefore, evaluated the effectiveness of frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> relative to commercial chemical (NPK) fertilizer and compost in edamame (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.) production while also considering their potential within the circular economy framework. Edamame plants in NPK plots averaged 71.1 ± 0.79 cm in height, which was not significantly different from frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> plots at 69.47 ± 3.22 cm (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> plots also had the highest average yield (84.27 ± 8.79 g/plant), which did not differ significantly from NPK plots (85.05 ± 7.37 g/plant) (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). In addition, the application of frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> increased the abundance of soil arthropods (5.62 ± 0.99 individuals/plot), exceeding all other treatments (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Predators were especially abundant in frass of<i> H</i>. <i>illucens</i> plots (3.87 ± 0.91 individuals/plot) compared to other treatments (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Ground beetles (Coleoptera) were the dominant arthropod group across all treatments. Conversely, foliar arthropod abundance was significantly affected by fertilizer type, with frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> demonstrating the highest increase across trophic levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Overall, our findings indicate that frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> not only enhances edamame plant growth and yield but also fosters greater soil and foliar arthropod abundance. By recycling organic waste into a valuable agricultural input, frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> contributes to improved biodiversity and aligns with circular economy principles, offering a more sustainable approach to crop production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"199 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13355-026-00960-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different susceptibilities of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Artemia salina (Anostraca: Artemiidae) to keto-indole derivatives: structural features enhancing selectivity","authors":"Thaysnara Batista Brito,&nbsp;Rafael dos Reis Barreto de Oliveira,&nbsp;Maria de Lourdes da Graça Macoris,&nbsp;Roseli La Corte,&nbsp;Sócrates Cabral de Holanda Cavalcanti","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00964-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00964-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dengue, chikungunya, and Zika are major viral diseases transmitted by <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Linn. (Diptera: Culicidae). Vector control measures include the use of larvicides in breeding sites, which in turn induce the emergence of target-resistant strains and non-target undesirable effects. An alternative to avoid drawbacks caused by the use of these products is to develop new selective compounds with less impact on non-target species. Thus, 12 3-keto-substituted indole analogs were synthesized aiming to study their selectivity toward <i>Ae. aegypti</i> in preference to <i>Artemia salina</i> Linn. (Anostraca: Artemiidae). 3-Acyl-indole derivatives were synthesized by Friedel–Crafts acylation using acid chlorides, nitromethane, and fuming tin chloride in dichloromethane under nitrogen atmosphere at 0 °C and evaluated on 3rd-instar <i>Ae. aegypti</i> and <i>A. salina</i>. Linear aliphatic derivatives exhibited potency alternation by increasing the number of CH₂ in the C3 chain for both <i>Ae. aegypti</i> and <i>A. salina</i>. (3-Chlorophenyl)1-(1<i>H</i>-indol-3-yl)methanone exhibited the highest larvicidal activity (LC₅₀ 197.4 µM) against <i>Ae. aegypti</i> and demonstrated to be the most selective molecule, exhibiting suitability index (SI) &lt; 19.7.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"291 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful control in the first recapture of the sweet potato weevil Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Brentidae) since its eradication from Kume Island, Japan","authors":"Yuko Shimizu,&nbsp;Dai Haraguchi,&nbsp;Yoshifumi Awaguni,&nbsp;Chihiro Himuro","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00959-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00959-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Cylas formicarius</i> (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Brentidae)—the sweet potato weevil—which is one of the most severe pests of the sweet potato—<i>Ipomoea batatas</i> Lam.—was eradicated from Kume Island in 2012. Since then, the possible reinfestation of the island with weevils has been monitored through sex pheromone traps and host plant surveys. On August 10, 2021, a male weevil was captured for the first time since its eradication in 2012, and supplementary traps were immediately deployed. Host plant survey was conducted around the monitoring trap where the weevil was caught to detect the location of reoccurrence. The weevils were repeatedly caught by traps deployed in the sweet potato field; nevertheless, host plant surveys did not detect weevils on sweet potato or blue morning glory (<i>I. indica</i>). To control the pest, 3165 kg of sweet potato was removed from the field, and the sterile insect technique (SIT) was applied (i.e., approximately 3,000,000 sterile weevils were released in the control area within a 0.5 km radius from the traps of detection). As no weevils were detected within the traps or on the surveyed host plants for 197 days since the last day a weevil was captured by a trap, which is equivalent to two generations of <i>C. formicarius</i>, the reinvading weevils were deemed to have been re-eradicated from Kume Island. Certain factors of the successful control are discussed in terms of monitoring and tactical control effectiveness. The efficiency of the re-eradication program, including the SIT, is also discussed in the context of previous studies. This case study provides practical insights into sustainable monitoring and rapid response strategies in the context of a possible reinfestation with <i>C. formicarius.</i></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"281 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavior of last-instar larvae and pupation in Illiberis tenuis (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae), a pest of grapevines","authors":"Seiji Tanaka","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00961-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00961-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The developmental traits and cocoon-site selection behavior of last-instar larvae of the moth <i>Illiberis tenuis</i> (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae), a vineyard pest in East Asia, were investigated. Green larvae were observed feeding voraciously during June and July, with individuals turning pinkish at the last instar. Prior to pupation, larvae ceased feeding, purged their gut contents, and lost over 60% of their maximum body weight. In laboratory observations, cocoons were consistently constructed on hard surfaces, such as the undersides of dead leaves, beneath stones, against neighboring cocoons, or along the container walls. The cocoons exhibited an elliptical, mound-like shape. Laboratory experiments revealed strong preferences for moist soil and fallen leaves, whereas field observations showed that dark-pink larvae typically descended along grapevine trunks to the base, rather than dropping directly to the ground. These findings offer new insights into the adaptive significance of cocoon construction, pre-wandering color change, and settlement behavior in this species, and suggest practical methods for capturing mature larvae using ground-deployed materials and trunk-base traps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"213 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}