Applied Entomology and Zoology最新文献

{"title":"Improvement of sachet systems to increase release numbers of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae)","authors":"Takeshi Shimoda,&nbsp;Kaori Yara,&nbsp;Ryuji Uesugi","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00970-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00970-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long-life sheltered sachets (LSSs) are used to control small arthropod pests in Japanese crop production. This setup consists of a long-life breeding sachet (LBS), known as a high-performance sachet of predatory mites, and two distinctive materials (water-retaining polymer and a felt patch) that encourage their multiplication inside the shelter made of water-resistant paper. Although LSSs can release large numbers of predatory mites [<i>Amblyseius swirskii</i> (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae)] over several weeks, their performance may be further enhanced by the inclusion of supplemental sugar as prey mite food. We first verified this possibility in a laboratory using felt patches treated with 10% or 50% honey solutions. We found that the inclusion of a 50% honey solution resulted in a higher and longer predator release (median: 2147.5 individuals, 2nd–9th weeks) from LSSs than an identical setup but with 10% honey solution (1423.5 individuals, 2nd–7th weeks) or no supplementary food (972.5 individuals, 2nd–7th weeks). We then assessed the effects of cheaper foods on performance using felt patches treated with 25% and 50% soft-yellow sugar solutions. The results showed that 25% soft-yellow sugar solution (2047.0 individuals), 50% soft-yellow sugar solution (2296.0 individuals), or 50% honey solution (1953.5 individuals) resulted in greater numbers of predators released from LSSs than with no supplementary sugar supplied (1204.5 individuals). We concluded, from the viewpoint of predator release and production costs, that soft-yellow sugar solutions (25–50%) are suitable supplementary food sources for this novel sachet system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"261 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yukawadiplosis, a new genus of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Exocarpos cupressiformis (Santalaceae) in Australia","authors":"Robin J. Adair,&nbsp;Peter Kolesik","doi":"10.1007/s13355-025-00951-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-025-00951-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new species of gall midge <i>Yukawadiplosis exocarpi</i> Adair and Kolesik is decribed that causes flower galls on <i>Exocarpos cupressiformis</i> (Santalaceae), a tree endemic to southeast Australia. Infested flowers do not produce fruit. The larva, pupa, male and female are described and illustrated, and the mitochondrial <i>COI</i> gene is sequenced. A new genus, <i>Yukawadiplosis</i> Adair and Kolesik (Cecidomyiidi: Cecidomyiini) is proposed to contain the new species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 3","pages":"367 - 373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of the gall midge genus Macrolabis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Celastraceae, with description of a new species developing in the flower buds of Euonymus oxyphyllus","authors":"Ayman Khamis Elsayed,&nbsp;Shuichi Nemoto,&nbsp;Ko Mochizuki,&nbsp;Ayano Mori,&nbsp;Makoto Tokuda","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00965-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00965-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The gall midge genus <i>Macrolabis</i> (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Dasineurini) comprises 64 known species that are either gall-inducers or inquilines, associated with 26 different plant families. In this study, we report <i>Macrolabis</i> on Celastraceae for the first time and describe a new species, <i>M. yukawai</i> Elsayed n. sp., that forms enlarged flower bud galls of <i>Euonymus oxyphyllus</i> in Fukushima, Japan. A description, illustrations, and life history information of the new species are given. In addition, a molecular phylogenetic analysis including the new species and two other congeners associated with different host families, <i>M. katoi</i> Elsayed, and <i>M. aquilegiae</i> (Kieffer), revealed a well-supported sister relationship between <i>M. yukawai</i> and <i>M. katoi</i>, whereas <i>M. aquilegiae</i> was placed in a separate, precluding a definitive conclusion about the monophyly of <i>Macrolabis</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 3","pages":"345 - 354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148781969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic variation in the population cycles and spatial synchrony of the mulberry tiger moth, Lemyra imparilis (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), in the Kansai region, western Japan","authors":"Masaru Hondô","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00967-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00967-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Population cycles have received considerable attention due to their interesting spatiotemporal behavior, which involves regular increases and decreases in population density and often synchronous fluctuations between disjunct populations. The mulberry tiger moth, <i>Lemyra imparilis</i> (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is a univoltine moth that is widespread in Japan. The larvae are recognized as a pest that affect a number of important crops. Population changes of <i>L. imparilis</i> were monitored for a maximum of 36 years by annual counting colonial nests at 16 survey sites in the central Kansai region, western Japan. Population fluctuations were highly variable, showing repeated increases and decreases in density. Eight populations monitored over 20 years exhibited cyclic fluctuations with a period of 6–8 years. Density characteristics including extremes, median, amplitude, and cycle length reached higher values in warmer and wetter regions, particularly in the more open landscapes south of 34.6 degrees north. Frequency of high densities was significantly higher in the south. While the strength of the synchrony for all possible pairs of local populations decreased linearly with increasing distance in both northern and southern regions, the range of synchrony was approximately three times greater in the south, extending over approximately 500 km. The geographical variation in the spatiotemporal fluctuations of <i>L. imparilis</i> suggests a greater risk of this species becoming a crop pest in the southern than the northern areas of the central Kansai region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"247 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circadian clock properties and extraocular photoentrainment in the three-band garden slug, Ambigolimax valentianus (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Limacidae)","authors":"Shogo Harada,&nbsp;Shin G. Goto","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00962-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00962-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The circadian clock is an endogenous time-keeping mechanism that enables organisms to synchronize their behavior and physiology with their daily environmental cycles. Although circadian systems have been well-studied in chordates and arthropods, little is known about them in terrestrial mollusks. In this study, we investigated the locomotor activity rhythm of the three-band garden slug, <i>Ambigolimax valentianus</i> (Férussac) (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Limacidae), which can inflict significant damage to crops, fruits, and garden plants, particularly in moist environments and small farming systems. This species showed a nocturnal locomotor activity rhythm under light–dark cycles and a circadian rhythm in constant darkness. The rhythm was temperature-compensated and could be entrained to non-24-h light–dark cycles. These results revealed three critical properties of circadian rhythm: self-sustained oscillation, temperature compensation, and entrainment. Slugs could entrain their locomotor activity rhythms to light–dark cycles, but unexpectedly, not to temperature cycles. Eyeless slugs showed clear rhythmicity and maintained their ability to entrain to light–dark cycles, indicating that extraocular clocks and photoreceptors play a crucial role in regulating locomotor activity rhythms. These findings provide new insights into the circadian biology of this species, highlighting the importance of light as a primary entraining cue and revealing the presence of extraocular photoreceptors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"221 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic revision of two species of Aphelonyx (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) described in Japan","authors":"Tatsuya Ide,&nbsp;Nakatada Wachi,&nbsp;Yoshihisa Abe","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00958-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00958-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two species of oak gall wasps originally described as members of the genus <i>Aphelonyx</i> in Japan are revised. We propose that <i>Aphelonyx crispulae</i> (original spelling: <i>Aphelomyx crispulae</i> Mukaigawa, 1920, syn. nov.) is synonymous with <i>Andricus hakonensis</i> (Ashmead, 1904), and that <i>Aphelonyx glanduliferae</i> (original spelling: <i>Apelomyx glanduliferae</i> Mukaigawa, 1920) is transferred to <i>Heocynips</i> as <i>Heocynips glanduliferae</i> (Mukaigawa, 1920), comb. nov. All validated members of <i>Aphelonyx</i> are now restricted to three species found in the western Palearctic region. Additionally, three cynipid species are revised. <i>Neuroterus orbis</i> Monzen, 1954, syn. nov. is synonymous with <i>A</i>. <i>hakonensis</i>. <i>Andricus squama</i> Monzen, 1953, syn. nov. and <i>Heocynips furvoaurantius</i> Tang, Nicholls and Stone, 2020, syn. nov. are synonymous with <i>H</i>. <i>glanduliferae</i>. Most of oak gall wasps exhibit a heterogonic life cycle, in which not all diagnostic features of a certain genus are necessarily valid for both sexual and asexual generations within the genus. Although the genus <i>Heocynips</i> was established based solely on the asexual generation, its sexual generation is revealed for the first time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 3","pages":"395 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13355-026-00958-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sweet potato leaf worm in Japan shown to comprise two distinct species: Aedia leucomelas and A. limitaris sp. rev. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Daisuke Watabiki,&nbsp;Shu Arai","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00963-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00963-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The genus <i>Aedia</i> Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is distributed from Europe through Asia to Oceania, and the larva of <i>Aedia leucomelas</i> (Linnaeus) (so-called “Nakajiro-shitaba” in Japan) has long been recognized as an injurious pest of sweet potato (<i>Ipomoea batatas</i> (L.)) in Japan and Korea. In this study, we carried out a taxonomic study of the <i>A. leucomelas</i> and its relatives in Japan based on morphological and molecular analyses. The results revealed that “Nakajiro-shitaba” consists of two distinct species: <i>A. leucomelas</i> and <i>A. limitaris</i> (Walker) sp. rev. Therefore, we redescribe <i>A. limitaris</i> and provide diagnostic morphological and DNA barcode data for adults and larvae of the three Japanese <i>Aedia</i> species, <i>i.e., A. leucomelas</i>, <i>A. limitaris</i>, and <i>A. kumamotonis</i> (Matsumura). We also summarize their distribution and host plant information. Furthermore, our study clarified that <i>A. leucomelas</i> and <i>A. limitaris</i> occur sympatrically in Japan at least in some regions, and that larvae of <i>A. limitaris</i> can successfully feed and grow on the leaves of <i>Ipomoea batatas</i> same as <i>A. leucomelas</i>. These findings suggest that previous records of <i>A. leucomelas</i> in Japan may have included <i>A. limitaris</i>, consequently, re-examination of the distribution and life history of <i>A. leucomelas</i> and <i>A. limitaris</i> is required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"233 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13355-026-00963-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unexpected diversity and a wide distribution of paedogenetic gall midges of the genus Heteropeza (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Japan","authors":"Fumito Yano,&nbsp;Akihiro Furukawa,&nbsp;Mai Sasaki,&nbsp;Kazutaka Osaki,&nbsp;Takuo Sawahata,&nbsp;Yoshifumi So,&nbsp;Ayman Khamis Elsayed,&nbsp;Makoto Tokuda","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00957-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00957-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Paedogenesis, a rare reproductive strategy in insects, enables immature stages to reproduce parthenogenetically, bypassing metamorphosis. Among gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), only a few species are known to exhibit this mode, including <i>Heteropeza pygmaea</i>, previously reported from indoor mushroom cultivation facilities in Japan. However, recent field surveys have revealed the presence of paedogenetic <i>Heteropeza</i> in natural environments across Japan. In this study, we collected 40 paedogenetic <i>Heteropeza</i> lineages from 13 prefectures and analyzed their genetic diversity using COI sequences. The analysis revealed unexpectedly high genetic diversity. Preliminary morphological observations revealed differences in tarsomere segmentation among female adults, corresponding to distinct genetic clades, suggesting a potential link between morphology and genetic structure. The widespread distribution and high diversity of paedogenetic <i>Heteropeza</i> in Japan raise concerns about their potential impact on mushroom cultivation and highlight the need for further taxonomic and ecological studies. Our results contribute to understanding the hidden diversity within Cecidomyiidae, a group considered a “dark taxon” and emphasize the importance of exploring natural populations to uncover cryptic species and their ecological roles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 3","pages":"423 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148782276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The attraction to conspecific cues during oviposition site selection in the red-necked longhorn beetle Aromia bungii (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)","authors":"Takao Konishi,&nbsp;Kazushige Uemori,&nbsp;Hisatomo Taki,&nbsp;Etsuko Shoda-Kagaya","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00966-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00966-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For most insects, decision-making by female parents during egg-laying site selection is key to the survival and development of their offspring. In many insect species, females refer to the behaviour of conspecifics when choosing oviposition sites. Investigating how information from the behaviour of others (or their traces) influences egg-laying decision-making is essential for understanding the biology of insects and developing innovative pest management measures. We focussed on the oviposition behaviour of the red-necked longhorn beetle <i>Aromia bungii</i> (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a severe invasive pest damaging stone fruit trees in Europe and Japan. We showed that <i>A. bungii</i> selects sites previously oviposited on by conspecifics. In laboratory bioassays, the females preferred to add their eggs onto treated branches with conspecific eggs and tended to lay more eggs on branches that already had larger numbers of conspecific eggs. This study is the first to demonstrate the attraction to conspecific cues during egg-laying decision-making in longhorn beetles, while females in these taxa generally avoid traces of the same sex. Our results imply that the benefits of joining conspecifics and engaging in high larval density, such as suppressing the host resistance, outweigh the costs of experiencing resource competition in this species. We provide novel insights into the reproductive behaviour of longhorn beetles, which could be useful for designing environmentally friendly control strategies such as an ‘egg trap’ to encourage the pests to deposit eggs on removable substrates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"297 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) frass to chemical and organic fertilizers on arthropod abundance and edamame plant performance","authors":"Dwi Harya Yudistira,&nbsp;Yongki Umam Sandi,&nbsp;Bayu Anggita Wirabumi,&nbsp;Pinasindi Wikandari,&nbsp;Muhammad Putra Ramadhan,&nbsp;Dewanti Uma Rahmaningtyas,&nbsp;Tetsuya Fukushi,&nbsp;Fariz Ardiansyah Gunawan,&nbsp;Satoru Sato","doi":"10.1007/s13355-026-00960-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-026-00960-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of <i>Hermetia illucens</i> L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae for the bioconversion of organic waste into protein and frass is gaining popularity. Although frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> has been proposed as an organic fertilizer, its relative impact on crop productivity and soil organism diversity remains insufficiently understood compared to other fertilizers. We, therefore, evaluated the effectiveness of frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> relative to commercial chemical (NPK) fertilizer and compost in edamame (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.) production while also considering their potential within the circular economy framework. Edamame plants in NPK plots averaged 71.1 ± 0.79 cm in height, which was not significantly different from frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> plots at 69.47 ± 3.22 cm (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> plots also had the highest average yield (84.27 ± 8.79 g/plant), which did not differ significantly from NPK plots (85.05 ± 7.37 g/plant) (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). In addition, the application of frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> increased the abundance of soil arthropods (5.62 ± 0.99 individuals/plot), exceeding all other treatments (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Predators were especially abundant in frass of<i> H</i>. <i>illucens</i> plots (3.87 ± 0.91 individuals/plot) compared to other treatments (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Ground beetles (Coleoptera) were the dominant arthropod group across all treatments. Conversely, foliar arthropod abundance was significantly affected by fertilizer type, with frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> demonstrating the highest increase across trophic levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Overall, our findings indicate that frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> not only enhances edamame plant growth and yield but also fosters greater soil and foliar arthropod abundance. By recycling organic waste into a valuable agricultural input, frass of <i>H</i>. <i>illucens</i> contributes to improved biodiversity and aligns with circular economy principles, offering a more sustainable approach to crop production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"61 2","pages":"199 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13355-026-00960-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147734863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}