Paratthakorn Ongsirimongkol, Patchara Sirasoonthorn, Katsumi Kamiya, Chieka Minakuchi, Ken Miura
{"title":"Cuticular protein genes are involved with insecticide resistance mechanism in red flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","authors":"Paratthakorn Ongsirimongkol, Patchara Sirasoonthorn, Katsumi Kamiya, Chieka Minakuchi, Ken Miura","doi":"10.1007/s13355-023-00841-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-023-00841-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The insect integument, which consists mainly of chitin microfibrils and cuticular proteins, is an extracellular matrix that covers the entire external and some internal surfaces of the insect body and serves as a primary barrier against several environmental stresses. Using RNAi-mediated gene knockdown procedure, we performed functional analyses of three adult-specific cuticular protein genes, <i>CPR4</i>, <i>CPR18</i>, and <i>CPR27</i>, regarding their involvement in repelling chemical insecticides in the red flour beetles, <i>Tribolium castaneum</i> (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). The depletion of these CPRs produced adult phenotypes with malformed (wrinkled/dimpled) elytra as well as thinner and disorganized cuticle of abdominal sternite. After knocking down the <i>CPR</i> genes, the beetles were exposed to six types of neonicotinoid-class insecticides, and the short-term neurotoxic effects were evaluated. The knockdown of any of <i>CPR</i> genes, either singly or in combination, increased the beetles’ susceptibility to neonicotinoids compared to negative control beetles. The results suggested that <i>CPR4</i>, <i>CPR18</i>, and <i>CPR27</i> have an indispensable role in organizing the insect integument structure that can regulate the penetration rate of xenobiotics such as neonicotinoid insecticides, presumably by helping built proper structural features of cuticular layer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"58 4","pages":"357 - 368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41446755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qian Zhao, Dong-kang Zhang, Ling-ling Jiang, Jie Guo, Hong-ying Hu
{"title":"Globular galls on Haloxylon (Centrospermae: Chenopodiaceae) induced by gall midges, and the corresponding parasitoids in China","authors":"Qian Zhao, Dong-kang Zhang, Ling-ling Jiang, Jie Guo, Hong-ying Hu","doi":"10.1007/s13355-023-00840-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-023-00840-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The concealed gall inducers represent a significant challenge for both study and control within the realm of pest management. Gaining an understanding of the natural enemies that influence gall inducer populations is essential for the development of effective integrated pest control strategies. <i>Haloxylon</i> spp. are dominant xerophyte species that possess substantial ecological importance due to their roles in shelter provision and sand fixation. This study aimed to determine the main gall inducers that induce globular galls on both <i>H. ammodendron</i> and <i>H. persicum</i> and the parasitoid complex associated with them. Totally, two species of gall inducers and four species of parasitoids were obtained from the globular galls. <i>Suaediola</i> sp. was recorded as the predominant gall inducer, exhibiting biannual generational turnover. Both <i>Torymus</i> sp. and <i>Mesopolobus quadrimaculatus</i> were primary solitary koinobiont ectoparasitoids of gall midges, while only <i>Platygaster</i> sp. was endoparasitoid. <i>Torymus</i> sp. established dominance among the parasitoids, demonstrating a predilection for attacking first instar larvae. We also found that temperature variations significantly influenced the emergence and lifespan of the insects recorded from the galls, with a consistent trend of shortened wasp lifespan correlating with increasing temperature. According to these results, we conclude <i>Torymus</i> sp. could have an important potential to control gall inducers within closed galls and, therefore, should be considered for inclusion in the integrated pest management programs of <i>Haloxylon</i> forests in China.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"58 4","pages":"345 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13355-023-00840-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47532749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural and functional studies of pattern recognition receptors βGRP1 and βGRP2 in Sogatella furcifera","authors":"ChunLi Luo, SiQi Chen, FeiYan Gou, DaoWei Zhang, Jing Chen","doi":"10.1007/s13355-023-00833-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-023-00833-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Beta-1,3-glucan recognition protein (βGRP) is an important pattern recognition receptor, which induces an immune response by recognizing and binding the pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we identified two <i>βGRP</i> genes in <i>S. furcifera</i>, <i>βGRP1</i> and <i>βGRP2</i>. Both βGRP1 and βGRP2 proteins have a glycosyl hydrolases family 16 (GH16) domain and a concanavalin A-like lectin/glucanase domain near the C-terminal. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that the transcript levels of <i>βGRP1</i> and <i>βGRP2</i> in the fat body and gut were higher than those in other tissues. Furthermore, both were upregulated in response to challenges with <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Recombinant βGRP1 and βGRP2 had a strong affinity for <i>E</i><i>. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> and caused bacteria to agglutinate. However, the results of the CCK-8 and bacteriostatic zone methods showed that recombinant βGRP1 and βGRP2 inhibited <i>S. aureus</i> but did not inhibit the growth of <i>E. coli.</i> Moreover, the silencing of <i>βGRP1</i> or <i>βGRP2</i> using dsRNA significantly downregulated the expression of the Toll pathway gene <i>Dorsal</i> after <i>S. aureus</i> challenge, while it did not affect the Imd pathway gene <i>Relish</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"58 4","pages":"303 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44392020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shabnam Zamani Fard, Seyed Ali Hemmati, Parviz Shishehbor
{"title":"Biological and population growth traits of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on various mung bean (Vigna radiata) varieties","authors":"Shabnam Zamani Fard, Seyed Ali Hemmati, Parviz Shishehbor","doi":"10.1007/s13355-023-00839-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-023-00839-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Spodoptera littoralis</i> (Boisd) is globally known as an important polyphagous pest that causes considerable damage to agricultural crops in the world. In this study, the effects of different mung bean (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L.) varieties, including Parto, Simite1, Simite2, VC6371, VC3960, VC6173A, and VC6368 were investigated on the life history variables, biological characteristics, and population growth parameters of <i>S. littoralis</i>. Our purpose was to identify potential tolerance characteristics of mung bean varieties against <i>S. littoralis</i>. Our findings showed that various mung bean varieties significantly impact the life history and demographical parameters of <i>S. littoralis</i>. The results revealed that the longest and shortest developmental time across all immature stages were recorded on Simite2 (42.52 days) and VC6371 (37.40 days) varieties, respectively. The lowest fecundity values were observed on the Simite2 host (89.27 eggs), while the highest was on the VC6173A host (626.59 eggs). The highest and lowest values of net reproductive rate (<i>R</i><sub><i>0</i></sub>) were 233.17 and 25.36 offspring on VC6173A and Simite2 varieties, respectively. Furthermore, <i>S. littoralis</i> showed the highest intrinsic rate of increase (<i>r</i>) when reared on the VC6371 variety (0.99 day<sup>−1</sup>), while the lowest value was on the Simite2 (0.11 day<sup>−1</sup>) variety. Moreover, <i>S. littoralis</i> fed on the Simite2 (46.47 days) and VC6371 varieties (42.27 days) achieved the longest and shortest generation time (<i>T</i>). The cluster analysis results indicated that VC6173A was a susceptible variety, while the Simite2 variety revealed tolerance behaviors against <i>S. littoralis</i> and can be considered for IPM strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"58 4","pages":"335 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44397608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural remodeling of midgut symbiotic organ and altered food flow upon metamorphosis of the stinkbug Plautia stali","authors":"Sayumi Oishi, Minoru Moriyama, Takema Fukatsu","doi":"10.1007/s13355-023-00838-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-023-00838-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Animals possess a mouth for feeding, an anus for defecation, and a gut structurally and functionally connecting them for digestion and absorption. In some stinkbugs, strikingly, the mouth and the anus are functionally disconnected in the middle. The constricted region blocks food flow and selectively allows passing of a specific bacterial symbiont to maintain the posterior midgut region as an exclusive space for symbiosis. In the stinkbug <i>Plautia stali</i>, the constricted region was reported to open during the last nymphal instar, thereby restoring the normal gut passage in adult insects. Here, we experimentally investigated how the structural gut reorganization upon metamorphosis of <i>P. stali</i> affects the processing of liquid food and solid food using blue coloring and fluorescent microbeads. In nymphal insects, both coloring and microbeads were blocked at the constricted region, and only coloring was excreted to the hindgut via Malpighian tubules. In adult insects, both coloring and microbeads passed through the constricted region and excreted to the hindgut. These results suggested that nymphal <i>P. stali</i> can utilize liquid food only whereas adult <i>P. stali</i> can live on both liquid food and solid suspension food, which may be relevant to nutritional and reproductive differences between nymphal and adult stinkbugs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"58 4","pages":"393 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48386089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First definitive host record of Liopteridae revealed by biological observations and molecular biological assays: Paramblynotus koreanus (Hymenoptera: Liopteridae) is a parasitoid of Carcilia strigicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)","authors":"Hiroshi Kodama, Tatsuya Ide","doi":"10.1007/s13355-023-00837-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-023-00837-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biological observations of <i>Paramblynotus koreanus</i> Choi and Suh (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Liopteridae) occurred on <i>Quercus serrata</i> Thunb. Trees suggested that their host was <i>Carcilia strigicollis</i> Roelofs (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay designed for <i>C</i>. <i>strigicollis</i> successfully detected <i>C</i>. <i>strigicollis</i> DNA in the residue of <i>P</i>. <i>koreanus</i> pupal chamber, which demonstrated that this species is a host of <i>P</i>. <i>koreanus</i>. This is the first definitive host record for the Liopteridae.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"58 4","pages":"387 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13355-023-00837-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47038233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pheromone-baited cone traps are efficient for catching the bean webworm, Pleuroptya ruralis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)","authors":"Kazuki Shibuya, Nobuyuki Endo, Hiroaki Takeuchi","doi":"10.1007/s13355-023-00836-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-023-00836-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The bean webworm, <i>Pleuroptya ruralis</i> (Scopoli) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a serious soybean pest in northern Japan. Monitoring <i>P. ruralis</i> has been carried out by beating the soybean canopy and counting the number of displaced adults; however, this method is laborious and time-consuming. To develop attractant lures for monitoring traps, the sex pheromone of <i>P. ruralis</i> has already been identified; however, pheromone-baited traps have failed to catch a sufficient number of moths. Previous trials solely utilized delta traps; cone traps, which are demonstrated to be effective for trapping some crambid species, have not yet been evaluated in <i>P. ruralis</i>. In this study, we compared the capture efficiency of pheromone-baited cone traps with those of pheromone-baited delta traps along with the beating method. The number of <i>P. ruralis</i> caught by the cone traps was significantly and 25 times larger than those caught by the delta traps. This result indicates that the trap design dramatically affects the capture efficiency of <i>P. ruralis</i>, and the cone trap is efficient for capturing <i>P. ruralis</i>. Moreover, the cone traps detected <i>P. ruralis</i> earlier than the beating method. The present data results suggest that pheromone-baited cone traps are useful for monitoring <i>P. ruralis</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"58 4","pages":"329 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44600877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discovery of the gall midge Schizomyia castanopsisae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing inflorescence galls on Castanopsis sieboldii (Fagaceae) from Honshu, Japan and the possibility of its recent range expansion","authors":"Makoto Tokuda, Yoshifumi So, Nobuhiko Kotaka","doi":"10.1007/s13355-023-00834-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-023-00834-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Outbreaks of herbivorous insects result in serious damage to forest trees. The gall midge <i>Schizomyia</i> <i>castanopsisae</i> (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) induces inflorescence galls and causes severe loss of acorn production for <i>Castanopsis</i> <i>sieboldii</i> (Fagaceae). The outbreaks of gall midge have been occurring in these decades in the southern parts of the Izu Islands, Tokyo, Japan. In this study, we first found <i>S.</i> <i>castanopsisae</i> on Toshima Island, the Izu Islands, and in Izu Peninsula, Honshu. A genetic analysis showed that the genotype of the gall midge collected from the Izu Peninsula was identical to that from the Izu Islands, and only the haplotype was distributed in these areas. In contrast, the analysis of <i>S.</i> <i>castanopsisae</i> populations on the Nansei Islands of Japan found five haplotypes, including the one common to the Izu Peninsula and the Izu Islands. These results support the hypothesis that the gall midge populations occurring on the Izu Islands originate from the Nansei Islands, and the invaded populations have been expanding their range to the northern areas there. To monitor the distribution range and abundance of <i>S.</i> <i>castanopsisae</i> and its influences on the acorn production of <i>C.</i> <i>sieboldii</i> in Honshu are of urgent necessity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"58 4","pages":"315 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41654033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intra-species variation of ovipositor morphology and oviposition preference in Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)","authors":"Junichi Akutsu, Takashi Matsuo","doi":"10.1007/s13355-023-00835-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-023-00835-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Females of <i>Drosophila suzukii</i> have an enlarged and sclerotized ovipositor (oviscapt, hypogynium), which is a key evolutionary trait that enabled <i>D. suzukii</i> to lay eggs through the skin of ripening fruits. We investigated the intra-species variation of <i>D. suzukii</i> in ovipositor morphology and oviposition preference for substrate hardness among 27 strains recently established from local populations in Japan. A significant difference between strains was observed in the length of the ovipositor as well as in the number of bristles on it. Further analysis using representative strains revealed that the ovipositor size variation among strains was independent of the body size variation, suggesting that the proportion between the ovipositor and other body parts was different among the strains. In the two-choice oviposition assay using 2% and 7% agar substrates, four strains preferred the soft substrates, and one strain preferred the hard substrates. Competitive cross-modal assay between substrate hardness and surface curvature revealed that the preference for curvature overrode the preference for hardness in all the tested strains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"58 4","pages":"323 - 328"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13355-023-00835-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46513225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards automatic monitoring of insect pests using IoT camera-equipped pheromone traps: a case study for Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"Satoshi Kawakita, Tatsuya Sato","doi":"10.1007/s13355-023-00830-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13355-023-00830-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To efficiently monitor insect pests, we developed an electronic device that incorporates a pheromone trap and an Internet of things (IoT) camera (E-trap) that can semi-automatically check the daily number of captured insects. Images captured by the IoT camera were transmitted over a 4G wireless network, and the number of insects captured by the trap was visually confirmed from the images. Our E-trap and two types of conventional (funnel-type and dry-type) traps were placed in two soybean fields in Japan in 2021. The trends of <i>Spodoptera litura</i> (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) caught daily by the E-trap and those observed at five-day intervals by the conventional traps were compared. Although the general trends in the occurrence of <i>S. litura</i> were similar to the data obtained among the different trapping methods, the data obtained daily by the E-trap showed a more detailed change in trap catches. The coefficient of determination between the number of <i>S. litura</i> visually estimated from the images and the actual number of <i>S. litura</i> caught was greater than 0.95. This demonstrates the practicality of the proposed E-trap, which minimizes the need for monitoring and maintaining the insect traps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8551,"journal":{"name":"Applied Entomology and Zoology","volume":"58 3","pages":"265 - 272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45553622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}