Arkhiv patologii最新文献

{"title":"[Analysis of the work of the Immunohistochemical Quality Control Center of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia in 2023].","authors":"L E Zavalishina, A S Artemyeva, S V Vtorushin, O A Kuznetsova, E E Leenman, S V Petrov, N A Savelov, A I Vasilyeva, K A Skrypnikova, G A Frank","doi":"10.17116/patol20248603138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20248603138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article demonstrates a detailed analysis of the results of the rounds of quality control of immunohistochemical studies conducted by the Central Committee of the Immunohistochemical Quality Control Center of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health of Russia in 2023. Typical shortcomings and errors in the immunohistochemical examination of various tumors have been identified and ways to eliminate them are given. Particular attention is paid to defining a panel of standard breast cancer markers and eliminating the shortcomings of immunohistochemical examination of markers of accompanying diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"86 3","pages":"38-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in triple negative breast cancer].","authors":"Sh R Abdullaeva, T Yu Semiglazova, A S Artemyeva, V A Zagoruiko, T I Kudriashova, L V Filatova, V V Semiglazov, P V Krivorotko, V F Semiglazov","doi":"10.17116/patol2024860315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol2024860315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a promising inexpensive prognostic and predictive biomarker in breast cancer. High levels of TILs are associated with improved survival and higher probability to achieve pathological complete response in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the level of TILs in TNBC samples and analyze the association between the level of TILs and the main pathological parameters, to identify their impact on long-term results.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included information on 140 patients with I-III stage TNBC and estrogen receptors <10%. Tumor tissue samples at baseline biopsies were evaluated the histological type, HER2 expression, estrogen expression levels, Ki-67 and TILs. The pathological response was evaluated according to the ypTNM, Miller-Payne, and RCB classifications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average level of TILs in biopsy specimens before NACT was 29.3±23.1%. Low levels of TILs (<10%) were defined in 21% of cases, intermediate levels (≥10% to ≤40%) in 55% of cases, and high levels (>40%) in 24% of cases. Using the two-tiered system, low TILs (≤40%) were defined in 76% and high TILs (>40%) in 24% of cases. The level of TILs was correlated with histological grade (R=0.187; <i>p</i>=0.027) and estrogen receptor expression level (R=0.211; <i>p</i>=0.012). There were no significant differences depending on the level of TILs and other pathological parameters. Three-year event-free survival (EFS) in patients with high TILs levels was 95% versus 65% in the low TILs group (<i>p</i>=0.037).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Stromal TILs are an important prognostic biomarker in TNBC. Using a cutoff of 40%, high TILs are significantly associated with longer EFS.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"86 3","pages":"5-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Molecular markers of M. tuberculosis virulence in lung tissue (experimental study)].","authors":"Yu S Krylova, M A Dokhov, A S Panfilova, T I Vinogradova, I V Mokrousov, I M Kvetnoy","doi":"10.17116/patol20248604131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20248604131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than a quarter of the world's population is infected with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. However, only about 10% of those infected develop active TB. This indicates a key role for innate immunity in limiting M. tuberculosis replication. Most often, bacteria can regulate the expression of host-specific molecules and weaken host immunity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To use a biological model, in order to determine significant molecular immunohistochemical markers characterizing the virulence of the \"Buryat\" and \"Omsk\" subtypes of the <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Beijing genotype in lung tissue.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Lung samples of the C57BL/6 male mice were obtained during experimental infection with M. tuberculosis strains: the reference laboratory strain H37Rv, multidrug-resistant clinical strains 396 (highly lethal and hypervirulent «Buryat» genotype Beijing 14717-15) and 6691 (low-lethal and low-virulent \"Omsk\" genotype Beijing 1071-32) on days 14, 21, 60 and 120. They were studied by histological and immunohistochemical methods. The relative areas of expression of IL-6, IL-12A, iNOS, and TNF-<i>α</i> in the lung tissue of model animals were established.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A study of strain 396 showed that both disease progression and damage to lung tissue are associated with a highly reactive immune response and increased synthesis of iNOS and strain characteristics that block the production of TNF-<i>α</i>. On the contrary, for strain 6691 a low reactivity of the immune response was revealed, with statistically significantly lower values of the relative area of expression of NOS and TNF-<i>α</i> during all observation periods (days 14-120). All animals that survived to day 120 showed a similar morphological picture with differences in cytokine levels, indicating a nonlinear relationship between proinflammatory factors and the damage substratum.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The progression of the disease and damage of lung tissue were associated with a highly reactive immune response and increased synthesis of iNOS, strain properties that block the TNF-<i>α</i> production. Thus, iNOS and TNF-<i>α</i> can act as molecular markers characterizing the virulence of the \"Buryat\" and \"Omsk\" subtypes of M. tuberculosis in lung tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"86 4","pages":"31-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis].","authors":"M G Rybakova, A E Myurzep","doi":"10.17116/patol20248604158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20248604158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A literature review reflects data on the mechanisms of pulmonary fibrosis after a novel coronavirus infection associated with the SARS-COV2 virus. Factors contributing to post-COVID lung remodeling are considered. According to the literature, in the mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis, during the course of the disease and during the recovery period, both direct viral damage and death of alveolocytes and endothelium, the development of a systemic inflammatory reaction due to inadequate secretion of cytokines, especially type 2, which are activators of the proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, are important. The influence of angiogenesis disorders and vascular dysfunction on pneumofibrosis was noted. Attention is also paid to the relationship between the development of pulmonary fibrosis and abnormal activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In combination with the action of many factors, especially germinal ones, an imbalance between profibrogenic and antifibrogenic action develops and fibrosis occurs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"86 4","pages":"58-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141787159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pathological profile of S.P. Botkin infectious hospital during the siege of Leningrad (1941-1944)].","authors":"P A Drozdovskaya, V A Zinserling, R V Deev","doi":"10.17116/patol20248602176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20248602176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The results of autopsies performed in the pathological department of the Infectious Diseases Hospital named after. S.P. Botkin during the siege of Leningrad (from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944). The structure of diseases of the deceased varied during different periods of the siege of Leningrad. In the first period (September-December 1941), diphtheria, dysentery, measles, typhoid fever, and scarlet fever prevailed among the diseases. The most common causes of death in the second period (April-December 1942) were typhus, dysentery, tuberculosis, lobar pneumonia, and typhoid fever. Nosological structure in the third period of the blockade (January 1943 - January 1944): tuberculosis, dysentery, cachexia, lobar pneumonia, infectious jaundice. The discrepancy between clinical and morphological diagnoses is most often noted for the following nosology: pulmonary tuberculosis, typhoid fever, pneumonia, stomach and hepatopancreatobiliary cancer, measles, influenza. The first period of the blockade was distinguished by a high specific proportion of examination of children's bodies - 51.2% of all autopsies; in subsequent periods, the specific share of autopsies of deceased adults (20-59 years) increased to 76.2%. The difference in the nosological structure and age groups of those who died during different periods of the siege of Leningrad was determined by the epidemiological situation in the city, social and living conditions and medical and organizational factors. Conducted in the pathological-anatomical department of the hospital named after. S.P. Botkin during the siege of Leningrad, pathological studies made it possible to timely establish the causes of deaths and identify the peculiarities of the course of infectious diseases against the background of cachexia. Regularly held clinical and anatomical conferences contributed to the reduction of defects in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"86 2","pages":"76-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140851283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[ALDH1, CD133, CD34-positive cancer stem cells in lung adenocarcinoma in patients who had a new coronavirus infection and retained the persistence of viral proteins in the lung tissue].","authors":"E A Kogan, E E Shchelokova, T A Demura, N V Zharkov, O N Kichigina, N V Kovyazina, A I Mordovina, P I Zelenchenkova, G A Meerovich, I V Reshetov","doi":"10.17116/patol2024860515","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol2024860515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer occupies a leading position in the structure of global cancer morbidity and mortality, due to the biological properties of the key pool of tumor cells - cancer stem cells (CSCs). The effects of SARS-CoV2 on tumor CSCs and its niche have not been studied.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study CSCs in lung adenocarcinomas after COVID19.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Surgical material from lung adenocarcinoma from 12 patients who had a new coronavirus infection and from 12 patients who did not have COVID19 was examined. Analysis of clinical and anamnestic data, macroscopic and microscopic examination of tumor samples and adjacent intact tissue, immunohistochemical reactions using antibodies to virus proteins and CSC markers ALDH1, CD133 and CD34 were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adenocarcinoma samples from patients in the main group showed a significant increase in the number of cells expressing the CSCs markers ALDH1, CD133 and CD34 compared to adenocarcinoma samples from control group patients without SARS-CoV2 infection. We found an increase in the number of CSCs in patients with adenocarcinoma metastasis in lymph nodes in both the main and control groups. CSCs of lung adenocarcinomas from SARS-CoV2 survivors contain virus proteins Nucleocapside and Spike protein.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found an increase in the number of CSCs with expression of ALDH1, CD133 and CD34 in lung adenocarcinoma in patients with new coronavirus infection. Increased number of ALDH1+, CD133+ CD34+ CSCs in tumor tissue enhance the metastatic potential of lung adenocarcinoma. The Nucleocapsid and Spike proteins of SARS-CoV2 virus are detectable in lung tissue from patients with new coronavirus infection, both in adenocarcinoma cells, CSCs, and in type II pneumocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells, suggesting prolonged persistence of the virus proteins and probably the virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"86 5","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Morphology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis].","authors":"M V Samsonova, A L Chernyaev","doi":"10.17116/patol20248603167","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20248603167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is one of the most common interstitial lung diseases, the manifestations of which are diverse, and the diagnosis is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. HP is an immunologically determined disease in response to inhaled antigens. The main feature of the disease is terminal bronchiole's involvement accompanied by interstitial inflammation and/or fibrosis together with the presence of non-necrotizing granulomas in the interalveolar septa and bronchioles. The article presents the histological features of non-fibrous and fibrotic variants of the disease. Well-defined diagnostic criteria were formulated on the basis of published international recommendations and the authors' own experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"86 3","pages":"67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Claudin-18.2 and gastric cancer: from physiology to carcinogenesis].","authors":"O D Bunga, N V Danilova","doi":"10.17116/patol20248606192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20248606192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Today a global problem for humanity is represented by cancer, in particular gastric cancer, which is characterized by high mortality and aggressive course. In this regard, there is a search for new approaches to the diagnosis and therapy of gastric cancer, one of these areas is the study of the expression level of the intercellular adhesion molecule claudin-18.2 in tumor tissue and its use as a target molecule. In the case of various pathological processes, including tumors, the expression profile of claudin-18.2 changes, which indicates its possible role in the initiation and progression of cancer. The aim of this review is to systematize the data on claudin-18.2, its role in normal cell physiology and embryology, as well as in the development of pathological processes in the stomach, its relation to the clinical and morphological characteristics of gastric cancer and importance in biological therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"86 6","pages":"92-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Morphofunctional characteristics of the endometrium in patients of reproductive age with chronic salpingo-oophoritis].","authors":"Z Z Khalifaeva, A E Biryukov, N A Gracheva, S A Mikhalev, E A Tumasyan, P D Ismaiilova, A A Solomatina, L M Mikhaleva","doi":"10.17116/patol20248606149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17116/patol20248606149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, chronic salpingo-oophoritis (CS) is still an urgent problem in the statistics of diseases of the female genital organs. In 35% of women, its course leads to disorder of the fallopian tubes patency and infertility. An additional indirect mechanism of infertility can be the morpho-functional failure of the endometrium.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish the morphofunctional characteristics and level of endometrial receptivity in patients of reproductive age with CS before and after surgery.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 55 patients with unilateral or bilateral tubectomy - 1st group, 42 with preserved fallopian tubes - 2nd group. The comparison group included 30 somatically healthy fertile women. Before and 6-12 months after laparoscopic cystectomy aspiration biopsy of endometrium was performed in the middle stage of secretory phase. Firstly, the phase and stage of menstrual cycle, the percentage and degree of maturity of pinopodes were determined. Secondly, the immunohistochemical study was conducted with the assessment of the expression level of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors in glands and stroma of endometrium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the 1st group before surgery, we determined a decrease in the number of mature pinopodia. A decrease in ER in the endometrial stroma was detected; PR levels correlated with the comparison group. In 2nd group all parameters were associated with healthy women. In the postoperative period, pinopodia were not visualized in the majority of patients in 1st group. ER levels remained reduced in stroma, similar results were found for PR. In 2nd group an insignificant decrease in the number of mature pinopodia on the apical surface of the endometrium, a reduction of ER in the glands and stroma of the uterine mucosa were recorded; PR corresponded to the values founded before surgical treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presence of CS and subsequent removal of the fallopian tubes is accompanied by indirect damage of the morpho-functional state and receptivity of the endometrium.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"86 6","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Ossification of the gum over intraosseal implant].","authors":"I V Maiborodin, B K Sarkisiants, B V Sheplev, V I Maiborodina, A A Shevela","doi":"10.17116/patol20248606170","DOIUrl":"10.17116/patol20248606170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a patient after implantation of a metal screw implant into the bone with suturing of the soft tissues above it after 6 months there was a spontaneous delimitation of the product by a thin strip of compact bone tissue, most likely formed from the bone structures damaged during the operation. Small bone fragments formed during the preparation of the implantation bed were found in the tissues as homogeneous eosinophilic deposits without inflammation and macrophage reactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8548,"journal":{"name":"Arkhiv patologii","volume":"86 6","pages":"70-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}