Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research最新文献

{"title":"Screening and Partial Characterization of Secondary Metabolite of Salacia korthalsiana Miq. (Polipog) Root Decocted Extract","authors":"Mary Jane Madario, Merle N. Tonog, K. M. C. Lim","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i2209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i2209","url":null,"abstract":"A cough is a sudden and often repetitive reflex that helps clear the air passages from secretions, irritants, and foreign particles, including microbes. Coughing can be due to a respiratory tract infection or choking, smoking, air pollution, asthma, chronic bronchitis, medications, and a   variety of many other factors which becomes an emerging health problem in the globe. This study investigated the role of Salacia korthalsiana Miq. (Polipog) root decoction as anti-coughing agent through screening and partial characterization of secondary metabolite. The physical properties determined in the root sample were: boiling point 99.3 , brownish red in color with a pleasant odor; pH 5.86 and soluble in water and ethanol which makes the Polipog root extract polar. Phytochemical screening was used for the determination of active chemical properties for anti-cough. Further, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy were used to determine the active functional group for anti-cough. Among the chemical properties determined for anti-cough only steroids and saponins are present, which is an antitussive and expectorant agent. Fourier Transform Infrared analysis showed that the main functional groups present are:  the amine and ethers, which are medically active for medicinal purposes. Therefore, Polipog roots are positively active for anti-cough.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86085270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Mbeya Based Organic Fertilizer on Maize Yield and Yield Components in Malawi","authors":"Samuel Mwafulirwa","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i2208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i2208","url":null,"abstract":"The recent boom in organic business in the name of Mbeya manure fertilizer has taken shape in commercialisation without government approval as several implications were at stake. Laboratory and field experiments were, therefore, conducted to ascertain the quality of the products with and without modifications. The original products, as proclaimed by suppliers, were evaluated against the control treatment of inorganic fertilizer and the modified products by the inclusion of specific microorganisms in solubilisation of fixed nutrients and oxidation of ammonia and nitrite. Field layout followed a Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications and 5 treatments viz Modified Funani Mbeya fertilizer, Modified Kambeu Mbeya fertilizer, Original Funani Mbeya fertilizer, Original Kambeu Mbeya fertilizer and the recommended inorganic fertilizer for Maize. Besides assessing the grain yield, biomass and nutrient bioavailability, the effect of the organic fertiliser on biostimulation was also studied in the rhizospheric soil. Results showed that there were no significant differences in grain yield and its components between Mbeya based organic fertilisers and inorganic fertilisers. However, maize yield and some parameters (environmental and nutrient content) were higher in modified organic fertiliser.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77527777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Overview on Fungal Diseases in Angiospermic Plants","authors":"Arti, Simerjit Kaur","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i2207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i2207","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this review study is to examine various fungal diseases on angiospermic plants which lower plant productivity and worsen the financial situation of flowers. Angiospermic flora are the most useful and marketable plants, employed for the majority of purposes, contributing to a better environment and spreading positive energy, but these flowering plants are presently damaged by unfavourable environmental conditions. The occurrence of fungal infection suppresses the beauty, growth, production and commercial values of flowers and also affect the living beings by increasing air pollution due to the infected plants. Fungicides, chemicals and molecular techniques are already in used to enhances the yield of crops and growth of plants, but still more research needs to be conducted to find the way for increasing the yield and preventing the plants more.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91178444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaf Epidermal Microscopy, Chemo-Microscopy and GC-MS Analyses of Three Ocimum Species from Nigeria","authors":"G. Ugbabe, E. Owen-Obaseki, S. Abdulahi, S. R. Chinonyerem, Samuel Ehiabhi Okhale, J. A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i2206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i2206","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative analyses of the leaf epidermal microscopy, chemo-microscopy and GCMS analysis of essential oils from three Ocimum species were analyzed. Ocimum belong to the family Lamiaceae. Leaf epidermal microscopy revealed anomocytic stomata in the species studied. Ocimum basilicum has anomocytic stomata on both surfaces but were more abundant on the lower surface; cell walls were wavy on the upper surface and had glandular trichomes on both surfaces. Ocimum canum had anomocytic stomata on both surfaces; cell walls were wavy and trichomes were glandular and non-glandular occurring on both surfaces but occurring more on the upper surface. The non-glandular trichomes are cone-shaped with pointed tip. Ocimum gratissimum has anomacytic stomata on both surfaces occurring more on the lower surface; the cell walls are curved on both surfaces and glandular trichomes occur on both surfaces which are more abundant on the lower surface. The glandular trichomes are radially flagellated in all the species studied. Lignin, tannins, cellulose, mucilage, starch, calcium oxalate, oils and proteins were observed in all species studied. The GC-MS analyses of the leaf essential oils revealed 35 compounds for O. basilicum, 49 compounds for O. canum and 34 compounds for O. gratissimum with 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol being the most abundant in O. basilicum (34.42%); 1-Cyclopentene-1-methanol,2-methyl-5-1-methyl, the most abundant in O. canum (29.56%) and thymol being the most abundant in O. gratissimum (48.04%). The leaf epidermal microscopy and the chemo-microscopy can be used for the standardization of the plant. Chemical composition of the three Ocimum species can be used for the treatment of several diseases.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82739404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmer’s Adoption and Effectiveness of Insect Pests Management Strategies in Organic Tomato Fields","authors":"M. Rakibuzzaman, M. M. Rahman, M. Hossain, M. Hossain","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i2205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i2205","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted in organic and intensive tomato growing areas located in Manikganj and Narsingdi districts of Dhaka division. A total of 30 organic tomato growers were selected from 5 randomly selected villages of Manikganj and Narsingdi. Data were collected from September 2020 to September 2021. Most frequently used insect pest management strategies by the organic farmers under the study areas were; T0=Untreated control (Used resistant varieties only), T1=Pheromone trap (Plastic pot), T2=Sticky trap+ Neem leaf powder @ 1kg/10L of water at 7 days interval, T3=Bait trap+ Neem leaf powder @ 1kg/10L of water at 7 days interval, T4=Light trap+ Mahogany seed powder @ 20gm/L of water at 7 days interval and T5= Pheromone trap + Trichogramma evanescens (100 points ha-1 at 500 wasps per point). For the untreated control of tomato fruit borer, T1=Pheromone trap (Plastic pot) was the most frequently used (52.67%) in the study area whereas T5= Pheromone trap + Trichogramma evanescens (16.67%) was used by the least number of organic farmers besides untreated control T0 (8.67%). The highest benefit cost ratio was 1.51 recorded from the treatment T5= Pheromone trap + Trichogramma evanescens, lowest benefit cost ratio was 1.30 recorded for tomato production from the untreated control treatment T0. Due to reduced operating costs, the benefit-cost ratio for producing organic tomato was comparable to and close to that of growing high yielding tomato using inorganic methods. The difference between the BCR of organic tomato production procedures and inorganic tomato production practices was eventually eliminated by high market price and rising demand of organic produces.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86450971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Ethnobotanical Study of Non-Timber Forest Products in Dorokha, Bhutan","authors":"Tej Kumar Nepal","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i1204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i1204","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge of indigenous people regarding the surrounding environment, local biodiversity, and their management have helped them thrive over thousands and millions of years. The indigenous people are local successors of various cultures. Their way of linking the environment with people who have cherished cultural, traditional, environmental, economic, social, and political views is diverse among modern lifestyles. Local traditional knowledge is dependent on the communication of man with nature. Local traditional knowledge focuses on the interrelationships and communications of living entities with one another and their surrounding environment. The survey listed around 146 plant species (52 trees, 19 shrubs, 48 herbs, 5 bamboo, and 23 climbers) under 67 families and 112 genera. Out of 146 species, 6 are used for dye extractions, 6 are used for fibre extractions or as a rope, 31 are used as fodder for livestock, 5 are used as bamboo, 7 are used as fuelwood and 3 species for the broom. NTFP is also used to make agricultural equipment, consumed as snacks, vegetables, and raw fruits, made into pickles, or dried up to be used during the cold season. Out of 246 species, 71 species (22 trees, 6 shrubs, 36 herbs, and 7 climbers) belonging to 46 families and 64 genera were used as medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78798158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Phytochemical and Proximate Composition of Fruit of False Yam (Icacina senegalensis) and African Star Apple (Chrysophyllum albidum)","authors":"K. Ekwealor, C. F. Iroka, U. P. Nwaogaranya, Clara Ikegbunam, V. Njom","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i1203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i1203","url":null,"abstract":"The biochemical composition of the seed, fruit-pulp and fruit-skin of false yam and African star apple was carried out in this study using standard techniques. The result of the mean phytochemical composition of Icacina senegalensis and Chrysophyllum albidum fruits revealed higher composition of tannin in the pulp, seed of I. senegalensis, while alkaloid and flavonoid was higher in composition in the pulp (24.22±0.141mg/100g and 16.53±0.021mg/100g), seed (25.35± 0.021mg/100g and 18.27±0.014mg/100g)and bark (24.62±0.085mg/100g and 16.94± 0.035 mg/100g) of Chrysophyllum albidum. The results were significantly different at p<0.05. The result of the percentage proximate composition of Icacina senegalensis and Chrysophyllum albidum fruits revealed higher percentage composition of carbohydrate in the pulp (51.52±0.127% and 57.02±0.141%), seed (52.42±0.085% and 56.1±0.198%) and bark (54.89±0.092% and 58.02±0.113%) of I. senegalensis and C. albidum. The result revealed high percentage composition of fat in the pulp (26.33±0.028% and 9.63±0.028%), seed (25.69±0.014% and 10.24±0.035%) and bark (23.14±0.028% and 9.28±0.071%) of I. senegalensis and C. albidum respectively.  Moisture content was also high in the pulp (12.37±0.014% and 8.35±0.042%), seed (11.45±0.021% and 7.36±0.042%) and bark (11.13±0.014% and 5.23±0.028%) of I. senegalensis and C. albidum respectively. The result of the mean mineral composition of Icacina senegalensis and Chrysophyllum albidum fruits revealed high composition of calcium in the pulp, seed and bark of I. senegalensis and C. albidum respectively. The result also revealed high composition of magnesium in the pulp, seed and bark of I. senegalensis and C. albidum.  The results from this work suggest that Icacina senegalensis and Chrysophyllum albidum may find their use in food/feed formulation/supplementation as well as nutraceutical/medicinal and industrial uses.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75374213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly Management of Fruit Fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) Infesting Bitter Gourd","authors":"Mst. Munjuri Akter, F. Zohora, Most. Mahmuda Akter, F. Farhana","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i1202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i1202","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aimed to evaluate some Bio insecticide   and management against fruit fly in bitter gourd. Study Design: The experiment was laid out at a randomized complete block design with three replications. Place and Duration of Study: Experimental farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Bangladesh during the period from February,2022 to july,2022. Methodology: The experiment consisted of seven treatments viz. T1(Lycomax 2g/lit of water+ Cutrac+ Yellow Sticky trap+ Sanitation), T2(Lycomax 2g/lit of water+ Ceranock+ Yellow Sticky trap+ Cultural control), T3 (Biomax M 1.2 EC+ Cuelure+ Yellow Sticky trap), T4 (Lycomax 2g/ lit of water+ Yellow Sticky trap), T5 (Biomax M 1.2 EC + Ceronock+ Cutrac), T6 Sanitation+ Cultural control+ Cuelure), T7 (Untreated Control) were used at 7 days interval. Results: The degree of the fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae) infestation at various phases of bitter gourd ripening was investigated in the field and in the lab, as well as the effectiveness of some bio-pesticides and other control methods used in combination. Among all treatments the highest number of fruit fly was captured in Lycomax 2g/lit of water+ Ceranock+ Yellow Sticky trap+ Cultural control treated plot.Healthy fruit per plant (9.50 fruit/plot) also found from T2 treated plot. whereas the maximum amount of infested fruit number (12.21 fruit/plot), number of punctures per fruit (6.74 puncture/fruit) and infested fruit weight (77.13gm) was found from the control plot. The highest percentage reduction of puncture number over control resulted in treatment T2 treated plot which was 92.58% which is near to treatment T4 (85.16%) and also highest amount of healthy fruit weight (232.75 gm) came from T2. In terms of maximum yield (2.54 kg/ plot) gained from Lycomax 2g/lit of water+ Ceranock+ Yellow Sticky trap+ Cultural control treated plot (T2). From the study it was found that all the treatments except control (T7) work effectively against fruit fly infestation. Conclusion: It is concluded that T2 treatment (Lycomax 2g/lit of water+ Ceranock+ Yellow Sticky trap+ Cultural control) was the best one among the all trerments.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90196804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Elicitors and Seed Rate on Enhancing Growth and Seed Yield of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa)","authors":"Most. Khodaiza Banu, T. Mostarin, K. Khatun, Sayma Kabir, Mst. Shapla Akter, Samsun Nahar Hashi, Sanchita Roy, Akhi Akter, M. Samad","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i1201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i1201","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of elicitors (different types viz., T1= control, T2= salicylic acid 50 ppm, T3= gibberellic acid 100 ppm, T4= pinching and seed rate (different levels viz., R1= 8 kg ha-1, R2= 10 kg ha-1, R3= 12 kg ha-1) on enhancing growth and seed yield of black cumin was investigated at Horticulture Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during November 2020 to March 2021. Growth related data was maximum on T4 (pinching) treatment but in case of seed yield, T2 (salicylic acid 50 ppm) treatment showed the best result. In case of growth characters, R1 (8 kg ha-1 seed rate) treatment revealed the best result but in case of seed yield, R3 (12 kg ha-1 seed rate) treatment showed the best result. Under this investigation, it was revealed that the highest seed yield per hector (3.89 t) was found from the of T2R3 (salicylic acid 50 ppm and 12 kg/ha seed rate) treatment combination which is statistically similar (3.64 t) to T4R3 (pinching and 12 kg/ha seed rate) treatment combination compared (1.61 t) to T1R1 (control and 8 kg/ha seed rate) treatment combination.  The highest gross return (Tk. 1166520), net return (Tk. 832522) were obtained from the treatment combination T2R3 (salicylic acid 50 ppm and 12 kg/ha seed rate) where the lowest gross return (Tk. 485010), net return (Tk. 220500) were obtained from T1R1 (control and 8 kg/ha seed rate) treatment combination. The highest BCR (3.57) was obtain from the treatment combination T4R3 (pinching and 12 kg/ha seed rate) where the lowest BCR (1.83) was found from T1R1 (control and 8 kg/ha seed rate) treatment combination. Economic analysis revealed that the treatment combination T4R3 (pinching and 12 kg/ha seed rate) was economically profitable than T2R3 (salicylic acid 50 ppm and 12 kg/ha seed rate) treatment combination for black cumin cultivation.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82091018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plants Phenolics as Possible Pseudomonas aeruginosa Resistance Inhibitors","authors":"A. Hassan, N. Egbe, J. Appah, S. Garba","doi":"10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i1200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2023/v11i1200","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence has for long been a serious medical, economic and social problem. It is responsible for numerous nosocomial infections like pneumonia, urinary tract infections, surgical site infections and some of community-acquired infections such as otitis, ulcerative keratitis and soft tissue infections. Its ability of adhering to various kinds of surfaces, such as hospital and surgical materials (thus: implicated in causing nosocomial infections) is one of the many reasons why P. aeruginosa is of utmost medical and economic importance. This bacterium has an extensive adaptive capability to different kinds of physical surfaces and conditions. P. aeruginosa has high capability for the formation of resistant biofilms and the regulation of efflux pumps, thus; these two contributes highly towards an elevated resistance to numerous antibiotics. Several antibiotic resistance genes are responsible for P. aeroginosa drug resistance virulence. Plant phenolics have the ability to bind to protein and non-protein domains leading to modification or inhibition protein–protein/co-factor interactions. These are a diverse group of aromatic secondary metabolites involved in plant defense. P. aeruginosa resistance genes mechanisms and evasion tactics can be affected and neutralized by ethno-plant secondary metabolites especially Phenolics, in several different ways due to the nature of its inter-molecular interactions. Ethno-plant phenolics could really provide an alternative natural remedy for the management and neutralization of P. aeruginosa Multi-drug resistance Genes.","PeriodicalId":8546,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74134113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}