Applied Animal Science最新文献

{"title":"\"April\" Cover","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2590-2865(25)00024-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2590-2865(25)00024-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Page OFC"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Call for Submissions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2590-2865(25)00029-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2590-2865(25)00029-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages iv-vi"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effects of acidosis and bacterial inoculum concentrations on the development of liver abscesses in beef × dairy steers","authors":"Kallie D. Childress ,&nbsp;Kristin E. Hales ,&nbsp;T.G. Nagaraja ,&nbsp;Ty E. Lawrence ,&nbsp;Raghavendra G. Amachawadi ,&nbsp;Nicole C. Burdick Sanchez ,&nbsp;Aubrey C. Thompson-Smith ,&nbsp;Ashlee N. Hanratty ,&nbsp;Colten W. Dornbach ,&nbsp;Mina Abbasi ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Shi ,&nbsp;Maddie S. Grant ,&nbsp;Michael L. Galyean ,&nbsp;Paul R. Broadway","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02641","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We evaluated the association of diet type, ruminal acidosis bout frequency, and intraruminal bacterial inoculum concentration on liver abscess (LA) development in steers.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Beef × dairy steers (n = 40, initial BW = 107 ± 11 kg) were assigned randomly to 1 of 5 treatments that included intraruminal inoculation of either a high dose (HD; 100 mL of 1 × 10⁸ and 100 mL of 1 × 10⁹ cfu per steer) or a low dose (LD; 100 mL of 1 × 10⁶ and 100 mL of 1 × 10⁷ cfu per steer) of <em>Fusobacterium necrophorum</em> ssp. <em>necrophorum</em> and <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar Lubbock, respectively. Treatments included the following: NCON = high-forage diet with no bacterial inoculation; CON+HD = high-forage diet with a single HD inoculation; 2AD+HD = 2 acidotic diet cycles with a single HD inoculation; 4AD+3LD = 4 acidotic diet cycles with a series of 3 LD inoculations; and 4AD+HD = 4 acidotic diet cycles with a single HD inoculation. Steers were slaughtered 21 d after the last bacterial inoculation. Animal was the experimental unit. Continuous data were analyzed using mixed models, and categorical data were analyzed as binomial proportions with treatment, time, and their interactions as the fixed effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>Incidence of LA were 0%, 37.5%, 37.5%, 50%, and 12.5% for NCON, CON+HD, 2AD+HD, 4AD+3LD, and 4AD+HD, respectively, but the difference among treatments was not significant. Although no difference was observed in rumenitis among treatments, steers with LA presented rumenitis scores that were 8 percentage points greater than steers without LA. Steers consuming the high-forage diet also were presented with rumenitis. Hematocrit values were greater in NCON, 2AD+HD, and 4AD+HD than CON+HD or 4AD+3 LD. Similarly, neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio differed among treatments, with a greater ratio for CON+HD and 2AD+HD than for NCON, 4AD+3LD, and 4AD+HD.</div></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><div>A key finding of this study was that steers fed a high-forage diet given a high dose of <em>F. necrophorum</em> and <em>S. enterica</em>, even in the absence of the acidotic diet, developed LA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Sustainable phosphorus use in the United States beef cow-calf industry—Requirements, forage, soil, and water content, supplementation, and nutritional recommendations for producers","authors":"J.M. Warner ,&nbsp;G.E. Fike ,&nbsp;A.G. Schwartz ,&nbsp;J.W. Waggoner ,&nbsp;S.K. Johnson","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02643","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The objective is to explain the current understanding of the biological importance of P to beef cattle congruent with current established requirements as well as describe the current management toward P supplementation, nutritional recommendations, quantify forage, soil, and water mineral concentrations, and identify existing knowledge gaps specific for improving sustainable use of the mineral in United States cow-calf production.</div></div><div><h3>Sources</h3><div>Peer-reviewed literature, abstracts, experiment station progress reports, technical bulletins, and reports were the primary sources of information reviewed.</div></div><div><h3>Synthesis</h3><div>Phosphorus is essential for beef cattle productivity and health as well as a potential water contaminant. Although efforts have been made in recent years to improve our understanding of requirements for growing and finishing beef cattle, relatively little work has been done focused on the cow-calf segment of the industry. Because grazing beef cattle frequently use surface water sources, producers play a critical role in minimizing P introduction to waters. Soil and forage P levels and responses to supplementation vary widely and studies including both animal and agronomic components of P utilization are very limited. Concurrently, data directly evaluating the effect of specific best management practices for improving sustainable P use within cow-calf production systems on surface water quality are few and would be beneficial for industry guidance and producer adoption.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Applications</h3><div>Long-term cow-calf studies reporting intake and production outcomes that also include soil and forage P levels are needed for developing industry benchmarks and accurate supplementation recommendations. Best management practices implemented holistically are key for minimizing the industry’s use of supplemental P while optimizing animal health and production, particularly in areas where public water quality is of concern.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 129-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on the prevention of digital dermatitis using an experimental infection model in cattle","authors":"K. Anklam ,&nbsp;M. Aviles ,&nbsp;J. Buettner ,&nbsp;S. Henschel ,&nbsp;R. Sanchez ,&nbsp;S. Ordaz ,&nbsp;I. Yoon ,&nbsp;J. Wheeler ,&nbsp;G. Dawson ,&nbsp;D. Doepfer","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02567","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of a feed supplement, <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> fermentation product (SCFP, NutriTek, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA), on the prevention of digital dermatitis (DD) lesions in Holstein Friesian steers. For this research, an experimental infection model was used to reliably induce DD lesions in cattle.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>A blind completely randomized study was conducted using a digital dermatitis infection model. Following 7 d of hydropic skin maceration in a wrap, the hind feet of 49 Holstein Friesian steers (24 control and 25 SCFP) were inoculated with bovine DD lesion homogenate and remained wrapped until clinical signs of DD were observed or until the protocol endpoint. Pellets containing SCFP (12 g/d NutriTek) or control supplements were mixed in the steers’ respective daily total mixed ration and fed throughout the duration of the study.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>Seven days after inoculation, all 49 steers developed an M1 (early focal bacterial keratolysis of the epidermis) or M2 (ulcerated/active) lesion on at least 1 hind foot. Treponeme species were detected by polymerase chain reaction, and invasive spirochetes were observed by histology in skin biopsies of the experimentally induced DD lesions. In this DD induction model, the relative risk of steers to develop M2 lesions in the control group was 1.53 (1.09–2.15, 95% CI) times greater than the SCFP group, although SCFP supplementation did not significantly affect the size of the M2 lesions. The multivariable regression analysis, adjusted for risk factors, confirmed that the control steers were significantly more likely to develop M2 lesions than the SCFP steers.</div></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><div>The DD experimental infection model used in the present study is useful for testing additional intervention strategies in cattle. The protective effect of SCFP against developing experimentally induced M2 DD lesions suggests that SCFP can be considered as a nutritional intervention to mitigate the risk of DD infection. Additional research is warranted to evaluate the potential mode of action to support the use of SCFP supplementation in the prevention of the development and transmission of DD lesions in cattle under field conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 47-64"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: History of chromium in animal nutrition in the United States","authors":"J.W. Spears","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02653","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The purpose of this paper is to review animal research studies with chromium (Cr) sources that are permitted or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).</div></div><div><h3>Sources</h3><div>Research in peer-reviewed journals was the source of information reviewed.</div></div><div><h3>Synthesis</h3><div>Chromium tripicolinate (Chromax) and chromium propionate (KemTRACE Cr) are permitted by FDA for supplementation to swine diets at a level up to 0.20 mg Cr/kg diet. Chromium propionate (CrProp) is permitted by FDA for supplementation to cattle diets at a level up to 0.50 mg Cr/kg diet, and is approved for supplementation to adult horses at a level of 4 mg Cr/d, and broiler and turkey diets at a level not to exceed 0.20 mg Cr/kg diet. Chromium supplementation in swine has increased litter size in sows. In lactating dairy cows, CrProp supplementation has increased milk production and reproductive performance, and increased ADG and hot carcass wt in finishing steers. Improved gain and feed efficiency have been reported in broilers and turkeys supplemented with CrProp. In adult horses, CrProp supplementation increased insulin sensitivity following oral or i.v. carbohydrate administration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions and Applications</h3><div>Studies in lactating dairy cows, finishing steers, broilers, and turkeys have indicated that CrProp supplementation can improve performance. Supplementation of Cr picolinate (CrPic) has increased litter size in sows in several studies. Animal responses to Cr supplementation have been variable and research is needed to determine factors that affect responses to Cr supplementation. Chromium propionate may be beneficial in preventing insulin resistance or improving insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant horses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 2","pages":"Pages 65-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted durations of tylosin phosphate on incidence and severity of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle*","authors":"L.F.B.B. Feitoza ,&nbsp;A.N. Baker ,&nbsp;R.L. Thorn ,&nbsp;L.S. Monteiro ,&nbsp;F. Nasiu ,&nbsp;T.G. Nagaraja ,&nbsp;Q. Kang ,&nbsp;J.S. Drouillard","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02574","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our objective was to assess the effects of feeding tylosin phosphate at 60 mg∙steer⁻¹∙d⁻¹ for the first 30 or 60 d of the finishing phase on the incidence and severity of liver abscesses, performance, and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Steers (n = 462) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: no tylosin phosphate (control) or tylosin phosphate, administered in the feed as a type B medicated premix supplement, to provide 60 mg∙steer⁻¹∙d⁻¹ for the first 30 d (T-30) or 60 d (T-60) of the finishing phase (steers were fed the control diet for the remaining days of the finishing phase). Steers were housed in pens with 7 steers per pen and 22 pens per treatment. Cattle BW were recorded at 30-d intervals, and final BW was recorded on d 161 on feed. Steers were processed at a commercial abattoir, and incidence and severity of liver abscesses and carcass characteristics were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>Incidence of abscessed livers was not affected by targeted durations of tylosin phosphate administration. However, there was a trend for severe abscesses to happen less in T-30 and T-60 than in the control, possibly because of inclusion of tylosin phosphate during the diet transition phase when cattle are likely to experience ruminal acidosis. Steers that received tylosin phosphate had greater BW on d 30 or 60 compared with the control. Steer performance and carcass characteristics were not affected by treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><div>Administration of tylosin phosphate at 60 mg per animal daily for the first 30 or 60 d of the finishing phase had no effect on the incidence of abscessed livers, although there was a trend for the reduction in severe abscesses in feedlot steers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myosin heavy chain, myogenic regulatory factors, and steroid hormone receptor responses in serially slaughtered implanted or nonimplanted beef steers","authors":"K.R. Wesley ,&nbsp;L.K. Fuerniss ,&nbsp;J.T. Jobe ,&nbsp;J.P. Hutcheson ,&nbsp;W.T. Nichols ,&nbsp;T.J. Kirkpatrick ,&nbsp;S.L. Pillmore ,&nbsp;K.B. Cooper ,&nbsp;B.J. Johnson ,&nbsp;T.E. Lawrence","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02579","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study was to quantify changes in beef steers in myosin-heavy-chain fiber type, myogenic regulatory factors, and steroid hormone receptors over time and in response to implantation in the longissimus dorsi (LD), semitendinosus (ST), and diaphragm (D) muscles.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Eighty beef steers were paired based on estimated final BW, and individuals received no implant (CON) or Revalor-XS (Merck Animal Health) administered at d 0 and 190 (IMP). Four pairs of steers were randomly assigned to slaughter group at 42-d intervals from d 0 to 378. At slaughter, samples were collected from the LD, ST, and D muscles of each animal for immunohistochemical analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>Proportions of cross-sectional area (CSA) occupied by each myosin-heavy-chain type were not different between implant treatments. Increased days on feed led to increased CSA in all muscles. Total nuclei density tended to be greater in CON steers. Myogenic regulatory factors expressed as a proportion of total nuclei led to no difference due to implant treatment in all variables, except a tendency for increased proportion of myonuclei in the ST of IMP steers. Day influenced all variables in the LD with positive quadratic effects on proportion of myonuclei and MYF5-positive nuclei. In the ST, day affected proportion of myonuclei and PAX7- and MYF5/ PAX7-dual-positive nuclei. All myogenic factors were affected by day in the D. Steroid receptor expression was unaffected by implant status regardless of muscle. Day tended to affect steroid receptor variables in the LD, ST, and D, with varying trends by muscle and variable.</div></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><div>Implant treatment did not alter the proportion of muscle fiber types, myogenic outcomes relative to total nuclei, or steroid hormone receptors. However, implant administration increased overall CSA by 9% to 16%, suggesting enhanced muscle growth without affecting muscle composition or regulatory mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of ultrasonography to detect liver abscesses in cattle*","authors":"A.B. Thompson ,&nbsp;T.L. Perkins ,&nbsp;T.E. Lawrence ,&nbsp;R.G. Amachawadi ,&nbsp;T.G. Nagaraja ,&nbsp;P.R. Broadway ,&nbsp;N.C. Burdick Sanchez ,&nbsp;V. Machado ,&nbsp;M.S. Grant ,&nbsp;M.L. Galyean ,&nbsp;K.E. Hales","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02639","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our aim was to evaluate the use of ultrasonography to identify liver abscesses in cattle.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Finishing steers (n = 160, mean final BW = 649 kg) were used in Exp. 1 and Exp. 2 (n = 63, mean final BW = 593 kg). Liver abscess images were obtained 24 h before slaughter. Steers in Exp. 3 (n = 40; mean final BW = 168 kg) and 4 (n = 40; mean final BW = 159 kg) were beef × dairy steers used in a study to experimentally induce liver abscesses. Real-time ultrasound imaging of the liver was conducted on the day of slaughter.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>In Exp. 1, the sensitivity of ultrasonography for detection of liver abscesses in finishing beef steers was 14.6%, and in Exp. 2 the sensitivity was 5.6%. In the lightweight beef × dairy steers, sensitivity was 50% in Exp. 2 and 41.1% in Exp 3. Ultrasound accuracy ranged from 70% to 75% within all 4 experiments. Specificity of ultrasonography ranged from 84.6% to 100% among all experiments.</div></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><div>Low sensitivity of detection in all experiments indicates ultrasonography has limited value for detecting liver abscesses in live cattle. Nonetheless, the greater specificity observed indicates that ultrasonography is effective at diagnosing a steer as negative, but the likelihood of detecting a negative is greater than detecting a positive because of the low prevalence of liver abscesses among the steers in each study. Even with modern ultrasound equipment with improved resolution, liver abscesses remain difficult to detect in live cattle, but sensitivity seems to be improved in lighter versus heavier weight cattle.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Study: Assessment of greenhouse gas intensities on exemplary small and mid-sized US dairy farms","authors":"L.A. Olthof ,&nbsp;K.R. Briggs ,&nbsp;J.R. Knapp ,&nbsp;B.J. Bradford","doi":"10.15232/aas.2024-02624","DOIUrl":"10.15232/aas.2024-02624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Our objective was to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) intensities for 4 dairy farms representing the Northeast, Great Lakes, West, and Southeast US regions using the Farmers Assuring Responsible Management: Environmental Stewardship (FARM ES) life-cycle analysis model.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Four herds with &lt;1,000 lactating cows, on farms selected as excellent environmental stewards, were assessed, with mean (±SD) production of 10,782 ± 2,037 kg/yr fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM). Data from 2021 were gathered from management software, interviews, and on-farm evaluations. Soil OM data for ≥7 yr were available on 3 farms. Emissions intensity was quantified as net CO₂ equivalents (CO₂e) emitted per unit of FPCM sold.</div></div><div><h3>Results and Discussion</h3><div>Mean (±SD) GHG emissions intensity was 0.97 ± 0.16 kg of CO₂e/kg of FPCM. In terms of point sources, FARM ES attributed 42 ± 6% of the farms’ emissions to enteric methane and 28 ± 9% to manure emissions. The remaining emissions were associated with feed production and energy use. Two farms that used manure separation had an average emissions intensity 0.20 kg of CO₂e/kg of FPCM less than farms that did not. Average annual soil carbon sequestration rates ranged from −0.82 to 3.52 Mg of carbon/ha, decreasing mean net GHG emissions intensity by 18% on these farms (0.81 vs. 0.99 kg of CO₂e/kg of FPCM).</div></div><div><h3>Implications and Applications</h3><div>Management practices have wide-ranging implications for dairy farm emissions intensities, and quantifying soil carbon sequestration is key for estimating net GHG emissions for a dairy farm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8519,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"Pages 28-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143139432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}