Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science最新文献_第9页

WOODEN VERSUS INSULATED METAL NESTBOXES: A COMPARISON OF REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS AND USE BY SONGBIRDS 木制与绝缘的金属巢箱:鸣禽繁殖成功率和使用的比较

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.86.1.0069

Margaret E. Rushmore, T. J. Underwood, W. Brown

{"title":"WOODEN VERSUS INSULATED METAL NESTBOXES: A COMPARISON OF REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS AND USE BY SONGBIRDS","authors":"Margaret E. Rushmore, T. J. Underwood, W. Brown","doi":"10.5325/jpennacadscie.86.1.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.86.1.0069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We compared reproductive success of Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) and House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) nests in wooden nestboxes to insulated metal nestboxes to determine if a new insulated metal nestbox design is a safe alternative to wooden nestboxes. We also examined the preference of four species of cavity-nesting birds to nest in wooden versus metal nestboxes. No significant differences were found among clutch size, hatching success, and the number of fledglings produced in Tree Swallow and House Wren nests between the two types of nestboxes. Therefore, insulated metal nestboxes appear to be a safe alternative to wooden nestboxes. Metal nestboxes were preferred by Tree Swallows to wooden nestboxes (χ2 = 6.5, n = 25, p = 0.01). However, wooden nestboxes were preferred to metal nestboxes as a first choice for nesting 77.1% of the time for all four species. House Wrens, Eastern Bluebirds (Sialia sialis), and House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) all preferred wooden to metal nestboxes (Fisher's Exact Tests, all p < 0.001). Thus, insulated metal boxes are safe, but may not attract desirable species, such as Eastern Bluebirds, when compared to traditional wooden Peterson-style boxes.","PeriodicalId":85037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70852636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

LIFE ON THE FRINGE: CHARACTERIZATION OF FRINGE VEGETATION IN ERIE BLUFFS STATE PARK (ERIE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA) 边缘上的生命:伊利布拉夫斯州立公园边缘植被的特征(伊利县，宾夕法尼亚州)

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.86.1.0012

Michael T. Ganger, M. JAMES J., Lindsey Bocian, NATHALIE-ANN C. Brown, Joseph Perenic

{"title":"LIFE ON THE FRINGE: CHARACTERIZATION OF FRINGE VEGETATION IN ERIE BLUFFS STATE PARK (ERIE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA)","authors":"Michael T. Ganger, M. JAMES J., Lindsey Bocian, NATHALIE-ANN C. Brown, Joseph Perenic","doi":"10.5325/jpennacadscie.86.1.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.86.1.0012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Human activities have resulted in the fragmentation of native habitat. One ubiquitous result of landscape modifications is a narrow strip of vegetation, hereafter referred to as fringe, that occurs between forest and inhospitable habitat like agricultural fields. This study investigated the fringe habitat in the Erie Bluffs State Park in Erie County, Pennsylvania. The park has several agricultural fields that are currently in use and one abandoned field resulting in 67,680 m2 of fringe. In order to understand the species composition and vegetation structure of the fringe, 1451 m-wide quadrats were established and the number and identity of species occurring within them was determined in both June and August. One hundred sixty-four species from 55 families were observed in the fringe, 39% of which were listed as annuals or biennials, 40% were non-native to Pennsylvania, and six are listed by the Department of Conservation and Natural Resources as exotic invasives or are on their watch list. Sixty-one percent of these species occurred in both the June and August censuses while the remainder were seen in only one of the two censuses. The average number of species per quadrat was greater in August than in June. Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis was used to group quadrats in the fringe based on species similarity into three groups in June and five groups in August. Indicator Species Analysis determined 9 species associated with the groups in June and 14 species associated with the groups in August. The fringe is a spatially and temporally complex habitat with high species richness that has the potential to play a role in the stability of the forest habitat and the transition of agricultural fields to native habitat.","PeriodicalId":85037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70852723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

LIPID HYDROPEROXIDE LEVELS, OXIDATIVE STATUS AND GLUCOSE ABSORPTION IN RODENTS FOLLOWING BDE-85 EXPOSURE bde-85暴露后啮齿动物的脂质过氧化氢水平、氧化状态和葡萄糖吸收

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.86.1.0024

Mary Vagula, Nathan Kubeldis, C. Nelatury

{"title":"LIPID HYDROPEROXIDE LEVELS, OXIDATIVE STATUS AND GLUCOSE ABSORPTION IN RODENTS FOLLOWING BDE-85 EXPOSURE","authors":"Mary Vagula, Nathan Kubeldis, C. Nelatury","doi":"10.5325/jpennacadscie.86.1.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.86.1.0024","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) are a class of synthetic flame retardant compounds which are available in three commercial forms, penta BDEs, octa BDEs, and deca BDEs. Because of their extensive commercial use they have become widespread environmental contaminants. BDE-85 is a congener of the penta variety; to the best of the authors' knowledge there are no studies reported on the toxicity potential of this compound. This study reports the effects of BDE-85 on the oxidative stress and glucose absorption in rodents. Oxidative stress was measured using oxidative stress markers, lipid hydroperoxides in conjunction with activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and catalase in mice kidney and intestine tissues after exposure to 0.25 mg/kg body weight of BDE-85 via intraperitoneal route for four days. Mice tissues showed significant alterations (p<0.05) in the oxidative stress markers. Lipid hydroperoxide levels were elevated, indicating increased lipid peroxidation, while the activities of GPx, SOD, catalase and GST were reduced despite increased lipid peroxidation pointing to disruption in oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium. In addition to this, glucose absorption and Na+/K+ ATPase activities were studied in rats using isolated small intestinal segments exposed to 5 μg/mL of BDE-85 in vitro. The results showed a significant reduction (-63.97%) in the absorption of glucose through the small intestine along with decreased Na+/K+ ATPase activity, indicating significant disruption in the sodium-dependant glucose absorption process in the small intestine.","PeriodicalId":85037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70852818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

STREET TREE INVENTORY OF SELINSGROVE, PENNSYLVANIA 宾夕法尼亚州塞林斯格罗夫的街道树木清单

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2012-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.86.1.0046

D. Ressler, John A. Kilmer

引用次数: 1

A Fabricated Resistivity Apparatus to Explore Buried Structures on the Bench and in the Field 一种用于台架和野外探测地下构造的自制电阻率仪

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.85.4.0125

A. Booterbaugh, A. Lachhab, N. Stepanik

{"title":"A Fabricated Resistivity Apparatus to Explore Buried Structures on the Bench and in the Field","authors":"A. Booterbaugh, A. Lachhab, N. Stepanik","doi":"10.5325/jpennacadscie.85.4.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.85.4.0125","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the following study, an electrical resistivity apparatus was created and implemented in the laboratory as well as tested in the field, to accurately identify the location of a buried building foundation. The primary goal of the study was to test the accuracy of the apparatus which costs a fraction of the price of available electrical resistivity instrument. The apparatus consists of four electrodes set in a linear spread. An electrical current, produced by a standard 12-volt battery, is injected into earth material through the outer electrodes and the potential voltage is measured across the inner electrodes using a multimeter. The recorded potential and current values can then be used to calculate apparent resistivity of any given material. The study implemented Wenner array which consists of four electrodes placed equally distant from each other and also allows for higher accuracy and greater resolution when investigating lateral variations of resistivity in near-surface formations.\u0000 The device successfully produced consistent results on the bench level revealing the location of small bricks buried under soil material. In the field, multiple transects were conducted in the summer of 2010 on Susquehanna University Campus where the foundation of Gustavus Adolphus Hall is located. The apparatus consistently provided accurate results when compared to a commercially produced electrical resistivity device, Iris SYSCAL R1+, and successfully revealed the location of the foundation.","PeriodicalId":85037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70851971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sportsmen's Perceptions of Coyotes and Coyote Origins in Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚州运动员对土狼的认知和土狼的起源

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.85.4.0159

Brittany N. Bovard, A. Hartstone-Rose, Nicholas J. Rowland, Kelly Lynn Mulvey

引用次数: 1

Relative Disease Susceptibility of Cultivated Varieties of Potato to Different Isolates of Phytophthora Infestans 马铃薯栽培品种对不同分离株病原菌的相对病感性

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.85.4.0140

K. Andersen, M. Ospina-Giraldo

{"title":"Relative Disease Susceptibility of Cultivated Varieties of Potato to Different Isolates of Phytophthora Infestans","authors":"K. Andersen, M. Ospina-Giraldo","doi":"10.5325/jpennacadscie.85.4.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.85.4.0140","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Late blight, caused by the Oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, continues to be the most devastating and economically important disease affecting potato crops worldwide. Recent geographical migrations of the pathogen have displaced the ‘old’ US-1 clonal lineage with ‘new’, genotypically distinct, lineages. These new genotypes have shown increased pathogenic fitness and diverse environmental requirements. Interactions between two different isolates of the US-8 race and three potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars were analyzed through in planta infection, under controlled laboratory conditions. Disease development over time was rated for each experimental unit by determining incubation period, foliar lesion area and relative number of leaves displaying necrosis. Difference in incubation period between isolates was nearly significant in Russet Burbank, with disease symptoms presenting much later for replicates infected with PSUPotb. No significant difference was seen in incubation period between isolates in cv. Kennebec or cv. Red Norland, with the shortest incubation period occurring for isolate NC092ba in Kennebec. Incubation period did not differ for isolate NC092ba across cultivars. Isolate PSUPotb had a longer incubation period in Russet Burbank than in the other two cultivars. Data suggest, therefore, that differential pathogenicity between the US-8 isolates exists in at least one cultivar. Cultivar susceptibility was also variable. As suggested in previous studies, it was found that cv. Kennebec was least susceptible to either isolate. Confirmation of pathogen presence in infected leaf tissue was successfully obtained using previously developed P. infestans specific primers in a standard Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay.","PeriodicalId":85037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70851645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Additional Evidence for Barotrauma as a Cause of Bat Mortality at Wind Farms 气压创伤是风电场蝙蝠死亡原因的额外证据

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.85.4.0147

S. Brownlee, H. P. Whidden

{"title":"Additional Evidence for Barotrauma as a Cause of Bat Mortality at Wind Farms","authors":"S. Brownlee, H. P. Whidden","doi":"10.5325/jpennacadscie.85.4.0147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/jpennacadscie.85.4.0147","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The discovery of extensive bat mortality at wind farms has puzzled biologists, especially since many carcasses found under turbines exhibit no obvious injuries. A recent study proposed barotrauma – damage to body tissues caused by changes in pressure – as a possible explanation. We tested this hypothesis by examining 146 carcasses of hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), eastern red bats (Lasiurus borealis), and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) collected during mortality surveys at a wind farm in eastern Pennsylvania. All carcasses were examined for both external and internal injuries. To assess barotrauma, we looked for blood in the nose and mouth, hemorrhaging in the lungs, and pooled blood in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Of 146 carcasses examined internally, 54 (37%) had signs of barotrauma but no external injuries, 48 (33%) had external injuries but no signs of barotrauma, and 44 (30%) had both signs of barotrauma and considerable external injuries. A chi-square test found no association between the age or sex of bats and the incidence of barotrauma. These results support barotrauma as a contributing cause of bat mortality at wind farms.","PeriodicalId":85037,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70851741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pennsylvania Academy of Science Books 宾夕法尼亚科学院图书

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.85.4.0190

引用次数: 0

Darbaker Prize Darbaker奖

Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science Pub Date : 2011-12-01 DOI: 10.5325/jpennacadscie.85.4.0189

引用次数: 0