Journal of social development in Africa最新文献_第7页

Challenges faced in the implementation of provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in Botswana 在博茨瓦纳执行《联合国儿童权利公约》条款所面临的挑战

Journal of social development in Africa Pub Date : 2010-05-07 DOI: 10.4314/JSDA.V25I1.54279

T. Maundeni

{"title":"Challenges faced in the implementation of provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in Botswana","authors":"T. Maundeni","doi":"10.4314/JSDA.V25I1.54279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JSDA.V25I1.54279","url":null,"abstract":"Children tend to be among the most vulnerable cohorts of the population in any given society. Consequently, the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) adopted in 1989 by member states of the United Nations aims to protect them. While several conventions have been crafted for various target groups, the CRC is the only convention that has been ratified by almost all the countries of the world. The paper contends that although Botswana has made enormous progress in implementing the CRC, the country has had to grapple with numerous challenges that continue to impede the successful implementation of the provisions of the said Convention. The purpose of this paper is essentially three-fold. First, it highlights progress that Botswana has made in implementing the provisions of the Convention. Second, it analyses the challenges that have been faced by stakeholders in implementing the provisions of the Convention in the country. And lastly, the paper concludes by making a number of recommendations meant to help in charting the way forward. KEYWORDS: Convention, rights, United Nations, Botswana, children, stakeholders","PeriodicalId":85020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social development in Africa","volume":"25 1","pages":"59-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70556008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Factors determining ICT adoption in rural smallholder farms in southwestern Nigeria 决定尼日利亚西南部农村小农采用信息通信技术的因素

Journal of social development in Africa Pub Date : 2010-05-07 DOI: 10.4314/JSDA.V23I2.54257

A. Ayanwale, A. Adekunle

{"title":"Factors determining ICT adoption in rural smallholder farms in southwestern Nigeria","authors":"A. Ayanwale, A. Adekunle","doi":"10.4314/JSDA.V23I2.54257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JSDA.V23I2.54257","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the interaction between socioeconomic characteristics of rural smallholder farmers in Oyo North Area in Nigeria and the adoption of ICT facility. One hundred and fifty-four (154) respondents comprising 92 beneficiaries and 62 non-beneficiaries were selected for participation in the study, using the multi-stage random sampling technique. Using the farm business survey method, data and relevant information were elicited using a structured questionnaire, while the bivariate probit model was employed to determine the factors influencing the patronage (adoption) of the ICT facility. Results indicate that beneficiaries had larger farm size (19.5 acres compared with 12.4 acres), more years of farming experience (41.9 years compared with 29.14 years), and recorded higher income (N262 537.93 compared with N247 779.82 per annum) than the non-beneficiaries. Beneficiaries also were members of executive (leaders) in their various social and occupational groups. The study revealed that marital status, educational status, farm size and farm income were key socioeconomic features of respondents that encouraged the adoption of the ICT. Specifically, a 1% increase in farm size would encourage the patronage of the ICT centre, and there was a 21% and 5% probability that married respondents and educated respondents respectively, would adopt the use of ICT. KEYWORDS: ICT, social participation, farmer’s patronage, innovation adoption, dprobit analysis","PeriodicalId":85020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social development in Africa","volume":"23 1","pages":"55-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70555942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Understanding barriers to maternal child health services utilisation in northern Ghana 了解加纳北部妇幼保健服务利用的障碍

Journal of social development in Africa Pub Date : 2010-05-07 DOI: 10.4314/JSDA.V23I2.54260

S. Galaa, Kareem Daare

{"title":"Understanding barriers to maternal child health services utilisation in northern Ghana","authors":"S. Galaa, Kareem Daare","doi":"10.4314/JSDA.V23I2.54260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JSDA.V23I2.54260","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to create better understanding about existing barriers to the use of maternal and child health services in northern Ghana. Using the survey research design, the study integrates outcome and process approaches to assessing barriers to the utilisation of maternal health services. Data were collected through primary interviews of 496 pregnancy and delivery episodes cases. The findings show that self-reported antenatal and postnatal attendance was high in all the districts surveyed. However, one major barrier has been the low quality of services provided. The findings also indicate that although health facility delivery is high in the districts surveyed, only the well-to-do non-literate, urbanite women and the educated patronise supervised normal health delivery care. Due to social and physical access constraints, most rural-based, illiterate and poor women perceived supervised delivery as an option only for pregnant mothers experiencing complications of pregnancy or labour. Recommendations to break existing barriers to maternal and child health services in outlying rural communities included the need to improve the quality of maternal and child health service through the supply of major logistic deficiencies, the need to provide support to the facilities with 4-wheel auxiliary drive pickup trucks to facilitate referrals of clients in pregnancy or labour complications as public transport is grossly lacking in the outlying communities, and the need to step up the training of traditional birth attendants (TBAs), as an alternative channel for supervised deliveries. KEYWORDS : Barriers, maternal and child health services, northern regions, Ghana, traditional birth attendants","PeriodicalId":85020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social development in Africa","volume":"23 1","pages":"127-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70555994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Location of development NGOs providing HIV and AIDS services to young people in Cape Town, South Africa 为南非开普敦的年轻人提供艾滋病毒和艾滋病服务的发展非政府组织所在地

Journal of social development in Africa Pub Date : 2010-05-07 DOI: 10.4314/JSDA.V24I2.54270

R. Kareithi, A. Flisher

{"title":"Location of development NGOs providing HIV and AIDS services to young people in Cape Town, South Africa","authors":"R. Kareithi, A. Flisher","doi":"10.4314/JSDA.V24I2.54270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JSDA.V24I2.54270","url":null,"abstract":"Development Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) have been crucial players in HIV and AIDS from the onset of the epidemic in South Africa. We examined development NGOs that provide HIV and AIDS services to young people within the Cape Metropole District of the Western Cape Province, with a view to analyse the location of their offices and service sites in relation to area-level HIV prevalence rates. The dataset was made up of 93 NGOs identified between October 2006 and August 2007. Whilst our results show that an increasing number of NGOs provide services to young people, thus suggesting a strategic response since young people bear the brunt of new HIV infections, the sheer numbers of NGOs do not translate into significant targeting of either offices or service sites within higher HIV prevalence areas. Thus NGO location is not determined by HIV prevalence. We argue that these findings must be considered by development practitioners, donors, planners and policy makers, in order to realign and intensify interventions in communities of most need. Moreover, there must be explicit acknowledgement of the importance of location and the utilisation of HIV prevalence rates as a strategic intent for service delivery in order to turn the HIV and AIDS tide at a faster rate. KEYWORDS: Non-governmental organisations, development, strategic location, HIV and AIDS, young people, South Africa","PeriodicalId":85020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social development in Africa","volume":"24 1","pages":"9-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70556129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Social protection and poverty reduction in the Southern Africa Development Community 南部非洲发展共同体的社会保护和减贫

Journal of social development in Africa Pub Date : 2010-05-07 DOI: 10.4314/JSDA.V24I2.54271

E. Kaseke

{"title":"Social protection and poverty reduction in the Southern Africa Development Community","authors":"E. Kaseke","doi":"10.4314/JSDA.V24I2.54271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JSDA.V24I2.54271","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the contributions of social protection to poverty reduction in the Southern African Development Community (SADC). It is based on a review of secondary data. The article commences by conceptualizing poverty and social protection before examining the contributions of the different components of social protection towards poverty reduction. The author observes that the SADC is not a homogenous region and therefore, countries in the region offer different levels and menus of social protection to their citizens. Whilst countries such as Botswana, Mauritius and South Africa have made notable progress in setting up robust social protection systems, the majority of the countries only offer rudimentary social protection. This notwithstanding, social protection in the SADC region has made some contribution towards the reduction of poverty among certain categories of the population. The impact at national level, however, tends to be minimal owing to a number of factors. The paper explores some of these factors, which include the use of a categorical approach to social assistance, limited availability of resources and extremely low coverage of social insurance schemes. The article concludes with an observation to the effect that social protection needs to give greater emphasis on strengthening the livelihoods of the poor. KEYWORDS: Social protection, livelihoods, social security, poverty, social insurance, SADC, social assistance.","PeriodicalId":85020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social development in Africa","volume":"24 1","pages":"37-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70556139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Training for human security 人力安全培训

Journal of social development in Africa Pub Date : 2010-05-07 DOI: 10.4314/JSDA.V23I2.54255

J. F. Jones, A. Kumssa

{"title":"Training for human security","authors":"J. F. Jones, A. Kumssa","doi":"10.4314/JSDA.V23I2.54255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JSDA.V23I2.54255","url":null,"abstract":"The focus in this article is on the trainers, trainees, and training methods of human security. Case examples are drawn from different regions around the globe, with particular though not exclusive, emphasis on Africa. The aim is to explore the scope of training, national and regional approaches, the choice of training methods, including distance training, micro-credit instruction, and ICT skill acquisition. Particular attention is given to the regionalization of training in the United Nations. The initiative for much of the training in human security has taken place in the United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD) in Nagoya, Japan. The human security training concept is relatively recent, and owes its theory and practice to any number of traditional disciplines and research streams - economics, sociology, international affairs, peace studies and conflict resolution, social work and social development. Likewise the sponsors and funders of training are multiple – international associations, UN member organizations, NGOs and community-based agencies, all with their own priorities and training infrastructures. While various training models are discussed in the article, none is presented as a standard for others. KEYWORDS: Training, human security, Africa, UNCRD, Japan, regional approaches, technologies","PeriodicalId":85020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social development in Africa","volume":"90 1","pages":"9-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70555922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Substantive equality and women's rights to sexual and reproductive health in Cameroon 喀麦隆的实质性平等和妇女性健康和生殖健康权利

Journal of social development in Africa Pub Date : 2010-05-07 DOI: 10.4314/JSDA.V24I2.54273

Sone Patience Munge

{"title":"Substantive equality and women's rights to sexual and reproductive health in Cameroon","authors":"Sone Patience Munge","doi":"10.4314/JSDA.V24I2.54273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JSDA.V24I2.54273","url":null,"abstract":"Substantive equality is a very important phenomenon in the promotion of the reproductive health rights of citizens in the developing world in general and Cameroon in particular. The multiplicity of ethnic groups coupled with diverse cultural beliefs and practices impact negatively on the promotion of the notion of substantive equality in Cameroon. Although the preamble to the Cameroonian Constitution recognizes the idea of equal rights for all, the country’s record on promotion of rights associated with reproductive health is below expectations. Hence, it is worth reviewing Cameroon’s achievements, gaps and prospects in regard to the promotion of the doctrine of substantive equality in relation to the reproductive health of women in the country. In this paper, the aspects of domestic violence, abortion, and HIV and AIDS are used as examples in an attempt to analyse the extent to which the notion of substantive equality as provided for under the Cameroonian Constitution, has been implemented, particularly in regard to the reproductive health rights of women. KEYWORDS: Reproductive health, HIV and AIDS, Cameroon, domestic violence, equality, women","PeriodicalId":85020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social development in Africa","volume":"24 1","pages":"73-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70555768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Poverty in southern Africa: A literature review and analysis 南部非洲的贫困:文献回顾与分析

Journal of social development in Africa Pub Date : 2010-05-07 DOI: 10.4314/JSDA.V24I1.54263

A. Banjo

引用次数: 4

Determinants of urban public transport service pricing in Kumasi, Ghana 加纳库马西城市公共交通服务定价的决定因素

Journal of social development in Africa Pub Date : 2010-05-07 DOI: 10.4314/JSDA.V24I2.54272

K. Adarkwa, M. Poku-Boansi

{"title":"Determinants of urban public transport service pricing in Kumasi, Ghana","authors":"K. Adarkwa, M. Poku-Boansi","doi":"10.4314/JSDA.V24I2.54272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JSDA.V24I2.54272","url":null,"abstract":"The urban transport sector in most developing nations accounts for 50 to 70 percent of Gross National Product hence plays an important role in the development of the urban economy of most cities including Kumasi in Ghana. However, the pricing of urban transport services, especially in developing countries has been riddled with numerous challenges that have led to several associated problems. The main objective of the paper is to identify factors affecting the pricing of urban transport services in the city of Kumasi. Data for this paper were sourced from two key surveys spanning a period of five weeks which involved the interviewing of 150 urban transport services operators and 400 passengers in the Kumasi Metropolis. The paper identified fare level, fuel cost, overhead cost and population density among others as key factors which affected the pricing of urban transport services in Kumasi. Furthermore, it provides insights into how pricing could be used as a strategy to harmonise the interests of all stakeholders in the urban transport services industry in Kumasi. The paper further provides insights into the policy implications of the factors which affected pricing and suggests ways for the management of the pricing system in Ghana. KEYWORDS: Urban transport, developing, Ghana, pricing, Kumasi, fare","PeriodicalId":85020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social development in Africa","volume":"20 1","pages":"51-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70556145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Protection of widows and surviving children under the intestate succession laws of Zimbabwe: The case of estates of persons subject to customary law 根据津巴布韦无遗嘱继承法保护寡妇和未亡子女:受习惯法约束的人的遗产情况

Journal of social development in Africa Pub Date : 2010-05-07 DOI: 10.4314/JSDA.V25I1.54278

J. Pfumorodze

{"title":"Protection of widows and surviving children under the intestate succession laws of Zimbabwe: The case of estates of persons subject to customary law","authors":"J. Pfumorodze","doi":"10.4314/JSDA.V25I1.54278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JSDA.V25I1.54278","url":null,"abstract":"This paper interrogates contentious legal issues pertaining to the protection that the law offers to widows and surviving children under intestate succession laws of Zimbabwe as provided for by the Administration of Estates Act [Chapter 6:01] and the Administration of Estates Amendment Act No. 6 of 1997 which came into force on 1 November 1997. Prior to this date, the administration of estates to which customary law applied was governed by section 68 of the Administration of Estates Act [Chapter 6: 01] which stipulated that where the deceased died intestate and customary law applied to him, the estate shall devolve according to customary law. Although in theory, the heir was supposed to administer the estate in the interests of the surviving spouse and children, this has not always been the case. This paper analyses the relevant statute and case law to ascertain the nature and scope of protection of widows and surviving children in the post 1 November 1997 era. It concludes that vulnerable groups are not adeqautely protected. The overall aim of the paper is to determine how the law can be amended to protect these vulnerable groups from the challenges they currently face, especially the loss of residential property. KEYWORDS: Widows, surviving children, estate, customary law, Zimbabwe, intestate","PeriodicalId":85020,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social development in Africa","volume":"25 1","pages":"39-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70555998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3