Journal of cancer epidemiology and prevention最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiological and Histopathological Aspects of New Cancer Cases Diagnosed In South of Tunisia during 2015-2016","authors":"M. Hamdani, K. Ktari, A. Khabir","doi":"10.36648/IPJCEP.6.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/IPJCEP.6.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cancer is a national and global public health problem. Updated epidemiological data are needed to develop cancer control plans. Material and methods: This is a retrospective, observational study of new cancer cases reported in the governorate of Medenine during the years 2015 and 2016. Results: A total of 1061 cases of cancer were collected. A slight female predominance was noted. The Age Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR) was 104.55/100000. The patients’ mean age was 60.5 years. The five most common cancers in men were bladder (19.1%), lung (14.4%), colorectal (13.6%), prostate (11.8%), and stomach (5.1%). However, the five most common cancers diagnosed in women were breast (35.6%), colorectal (12.3%),stomach (5.2%), uterine corpus(4.5%) and bladder (4%). Conclusion: This work would be the draft of a cancer register in the governorate of Medenine. This register is essential for the development of a health policy adapted to the specificities of the region.","PeriodicalId":84981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer epidemiology and prevention","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69710364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast Food Chains and Obesity in Oman: Commentary Article","authors":"B. Bahrani, I. Mehdi, A. Lorenzo","doi":"10.36648/IPJCEP.6.1.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/IPJCEP.6.1.002","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Fast food chains are a global phenomenon, and they have been associated with less successful weight loss maintenance, undesirable weight gain, a higher Body Mass Index (BMI). Some have defined fast food as pre packed meals or ready to eat convenience food, and others have described fast food as food purchased from a major franchised chain. Higher rates of fast food consumption have been connected with increasing rates of obesity. Materials and methods: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) patients treated at Royal Hospital were identified from Royal Hospital medical records and from Oman’s cancer registry between 2000 and 2013. Results: The total number of patients diagnosed with CRC was 492, and the BMI information of 351 patients was available. In Oman, most fast food restaurants are situated in the Muscat region (40 restaurants) followed by Sohar (seven restaurants), Salalah (four restaurants), and Nizwa (two restaurants). The obesity, BMI, and CRC malignancy rates were higher in the areas with fast food chains (with the exception of Sohar). The CRC age standardized rate was lower in the areas with no fast food outlets, and the incidence of obesity and CRC were also lower. In our study, the proportion of those who were overweight or obese was 65.2% in Muscat, 81.5% in Salalah, 62.5% in Sohar, and 50% in Buraimi. In other regions with no available fast food outlets, the rate of obesity ranged from 33.3% to 47.4%. Conclusion: There was a strong association between obesity, fast food chain availability and CRC. High fish intake might have a protective effect on the development of CRC. Although Sohar had a high obesity rate and a good number of fast food chains, the region had a low CRC incidence possibly attributable to high fish intake.","PeriodicalId":84981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer epidemiology and prevention","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69710720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravel Facts and General Aspects about Cancer","authors":"R. Hamidpour","doi":"10.36648/CANCER.5.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36648/CANCER.5.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer has existed for all of human history. And we all know that Cancer doesn’t limit to age, sex, color, richness or poorness. One should be aware of the risk it carries.","PeriodicalId":84981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer epidemiology and prevention","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69710281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UK dietary exposure to BSE in head meat: by birth cohort and gender.","authors":"J D Cooper,&nbsp;S M Bird","doi":"10.1080/147666502321082737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/147666502321082737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>UK dietary exposure in 1980-1996 to the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) infectious agent through the consumption of beef mechanically recovered meat (MRM) contained in burgers, sausages and other meat products has already been quantified by birth cohort (born pre-1940, 1940-1969 or post-1969) and gender. In this paper, similar quantification is undertaken for the consumption of bovine head meat.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Synthesis of evidence on clinical BSE bovines, on bovines slaughtered in the last year of their BSE incubation period, brain contamination during head meat production, brain infectivity (option 1: 1-year preclinical bovine 54% as infectious as clinical BSE bovine; option 2: 1-year pre-clinical bovine as infectious as clinical BSE bovine) and 1980-1996 UK dietary consumption of head meat in burgers, sausages and other meat products.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Median infectivity consumed in head meat was 49 900 (67 800 for infectivity option 2), 96 200 (126 900) and 24950 (32 800) bovine oral (Bo) ID 50 units for the post-1969, 1940-1969 and pre-1940 birth cohorts in 1980-1989; and 143 950 (266 550 for infectivity option 2), 150 900 (279 500) and 38 350 (71 250) Bo ID50 units in 1990-1996. Males consumed almost 58% of infectivity in 1980-1996. For all three birth cohorts, exposure to BSE in head meat was higher in 1990-96 for both infectivity options. Median infectivity consumed in head meat and beef MRM was 83 150 (109 000 for infectivity option 2), 161 900 (207 450) and 39 300 (50 450) Bo ID50 units for the post-1969, 1940-1969 and pre-1940 birth cohorts in 1980-1989; and 188 200 (348 700), 190 600 (353 050) and 47 200 (87 550) Bo ID50 units in 1990-1996.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Males consumed almost 58% of BSE infectivity in head meat and beef MRM, which is consistent with 60 males of 113 variant Creutzfeldt-Jakeb disease (vCJD) onsets to 30 November 2001. If vCJD onsets to that date had all been infected in 1980-1989, 65 of 113 vCJD onsets in the post-1969 cohort are not consistent with its BSE exposure in 1980-1989 unless the vCJD incubation period or susceptibility depends on age, or another exposure is involved. Experimental data are needed to identify which brain material contaminates head meat, and further pathogenesis data are needed to determine the corresponding infectivity. Other salient sensitivity issues are highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":84981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer epidemiology and prevention","volume":"7 2","pages":"71-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22173599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A method for meta-analysis where the level of data aggregation differs between studies.","authors":"G W Fellingham,&nbsp;Hd Tolley,&nbsp;M Anker,&nbsp;E Ahman","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This paper presents a statistical method that was used to assess haemoglobin levels world-wide among women, based on a combination of over 400 studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The methodology is easy to implement and is specifically adapted to the case where mean observations are taken, although the subgroups represented by the mean values may differ from study to study. That is, the level of data aggregation is not consistent between studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this example some studies report average haemoglobin levels for a sample of the population, while others give averages by urban/rural classification and/or pregnancy status. Though the method is based on likelihood principles, computation is straightforward.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The methodology can be applied to a variety of meta-analytic situations where assessments are based on combining data from several sources. We provide an example of how the method was implemented in a study of haemoglobin levels among women undertaken at the World Health Organisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":84981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer epidemiology and prevention","volume":"7 3","pages":"105-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22314648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing time-by-covariate interactions in relative survival models using restrictive cubic spline functions.","authors":"P Bolard,&nbsp;C Quantin,&nbsp;M Abrahamowicz,&nbsp;J Esteve,&nbsp;R Giorgi,&nbsp;H Chadha-Boreham,&nbsp;C Binquet,&nbsp;J Faivre","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Cox model is widely used in the evaluation of prognostic factors in clinical research. However, in population-based studies, which assess long-term survival of unselected populations, relative-survival models are often considered more appropriate. In both approaches, the validity of proportional hazards hypothesis should be evaluated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We propose a new method in which restricted cubic spline functions are employed to model time-by-covariate interactions in relative survival analyses. The method allows investigation of the shape of possible dependence of the covariate effect on time without having to specify a particular functional form. Restricted cubic spline functions allow graphing of such time-by-covariate interactions, to test formally the proportional hazards assumption, and also to test the linearity of the time-by-covariate interaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Application of our new method to assess mortality in colon cancer provides strong evidence against the proportional hazards hypothesis, which is rejected for all prognostic factors. The results corroborate previous analyses of similar data-sets, suggesting the importance of both modelling of non-proportional hazards and relative survival approach. We also demonstrate the advantages of using restricted cubic spline functions for modelling non-proportional hazards in relative-survival analysis. The results provide new insights in the estimated impact of older age and of period of diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Using restricted cubic splines in a relative survival model allows the representation of both simple and complex patterns of changes in relative risks over time, with a single parsimonious model without a priori assumptions about the functional form of these changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":84981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer epidemiology and prevention","volume":"7 3","pages":"113-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22314649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rationale and cost-efficiency compared for urine or saliva testing and behavioural inquiry among UK offender populations: injectors, arrestees and prisoners.","authors":"S M Bird,&nbsp;G Pearson,&nbsp;J Strang","doi":"10.1080/14766650252962667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14766650252962667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Costs, methodology and efficiency at obtaining behavioural information and biological sample to be tested for blood-borne viruses or illegal drugs are compared for UK surveys of offender populations: injectors in the community or attending drug agencies, arrestees and prisoners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Arrestee surveys use extensive behavioural interview + urine sample and measure a key performance indicator in UK's Drugs Strategy. They have low efficiency (urine sample for drugs testing available from under 60% of eligible arrestees) at high cost (pound sterling 110-190 or 350 per urine sample and at least pound sterling 500-800 per injector). Random mandatory drugs testing of prisoners has the highest efficiency (because refusals are punishable), but the cost is high (pound sterling 110-120 per urine sample and pound sterling 300-500 per injector) and behavioural data are lacking. Prisoner surveys use self-completion questionnaire + saliva sample. They guarantee demonstrable anonymity in estimating the prevalence of blood-borne viruses and prisoners' associated risk behaviours, have high efficiency (saliva sample from over 80% of inmates) at low cost (pound sterling 30 per saliva and pound sterling 70-110 per injector), but behavioural data are limited to risk factors for blood-borne viruses. Low cost also characterises comprehensive interview + saliva sample from injectors in the community (pound sterling 90 per saliva sample, all from injectors) but efficiency cannot be assessed because the sampling frame of eligible injectors is not known. Voluntary unlinked anonymous surveys of injectors at drug agencies use self-completion questionnaire + saliva sample to be tested for blood-borne viruses. They are the least costly at pound sterling 43 per injector and moderately efficient with two-thirds volunteer rate by eligible injectors.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>For scientific added-value, we recommend co-location of survey types geographically and temporally; a common core set of behavioural questions; saliva sample as well as (and, eventually, instead of) the less acceptable urine sample. Survey methodologies for measuring key performance indicators should stand up to scrutiny in terms of openness, design credentials, statistical power, and costs. We examine how participation bias or inadequate survey size can compromise the effective monitoring of a key performance indicator.</p>","PeriodicalId":84981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer epidemiology and prevention","volume":"7 1","pages":"37-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22056666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of passive smoking in adults: self-reported questionnaire or serum cotinine?","authors":"R Chen,&nbsp;R Tavendale,&nbsp;H Tunstall-Pedoe","doi":"10.1080/147666502321082746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/147666502321082746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Low to moderate agreement between self-reported exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and serum cotinine levels in non-smokers questions the accuracy of the measurement of ETS exposure. We examined the relationship of serum cotinine to different self-reported ETS questionnaires in a large community-based study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subjects were derived from four Scottish MONICA surveys. Agreement between self-reported ETS (yes/no) and serum cotinine levels (> 0, 0) in non-smokers was tested by K, and the difference in cotinine levels among self-reported ETS exposure by ANOVA and the relationship by linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>None of the values for K was > 0.24 for any ETS questionnaire. In non-smokers with serum cotinine > 0, cotinine levels increased with increasing ETS exposures. In the first and second surveys with the questionnaire of ETS exposure in the last 3 days, standardised coefficients were 0.28-0.39, while in the third and fourth surveys with the questionnaire of a total exposure to ETS at work, at home and in other places the standardised coefficients were 0.19-0.36, with the questionnaire of ETS daily exposure hours, 0.23-0.36. The relationship between self-reported ETS and cotinine levels varied with the questionnaires, and with the time of day of the blood sample collection. In current smokers, cotinine levels were significantly related to both the number of cigarettes smoked daily (the coefficients were 0.13-0.41) and time elapsed since the last cigarette (-0.24 to -0.40).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings raise the question of whether it is ideal to take only serum cotinine as an index of ETS exposure in adults, because of time delays between ETS exposure and blood collection, and suggest the combined use of appropriately worded self-reported questionnaires and cotinine levels to estimate ETS exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":84981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer epidemiology and prevention","volume":"7 2","pages":"85-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22173600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relative survival of patients with subsequent cancer.","authors":"S Heinävaara,&nbsp;T Hakulinen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the increasing numbers of patients with multiple primary cancers, survival from subsequent cancers is of growing interest. The majority of the analyses on the subject so far have, however, suffered from methodological difficulties.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A new model is now proposed for estimating relative survival of patients with subsequent primary cancer. The model is an extension to that proposed earlier by Estève et al. for estimating relative survival using individual patient data. The model is illustrated with real data on patients with one or two primary breast cancers and used in comparing the excess hazards between first and subsequent breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For patients with multiple cancers, the traditional analysis of relative survival can be made cancer-specific. The excess hazards are different between the first and subsequent breast cancer: The excess hazard of the subsequent breast cancer tends to decrease with increasing age when compared to the corresponding hazard of the first breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Relative survival of patients with subsequent cancer can be modelled facilitating studies on different hypothesis on the excess hazards of a first and subsequent cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":84981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer epidemiology and prevention","volume":"7 4","pages":"173-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22471456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angular regression and the detection of the seasonal onset of disease.","authors":"F Gao,&nbsp;S K L Seah,&nbsp;P J Foster,&nbsp;K S Chia,&nbsp;D Machin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In examining the seasonality of onset of a disease over the year, investigators attempt to identify the peak of onset, and its magnitude. A second objective is to see if the day in which the disease manifests itself is related to subject-specific characteristics or environmental factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This paper describes appropriate statistical methodology for the situation where seasonality can be summarised by either a single peak or several peaks, possibly determined by patient characteristics or external influences. The circular, rather than linear, nature of the day of onset of a disease (irrespective of year) requires angular regression techniques to assess these relations, and the von Mises distribution replaces the normal distribution in this context.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The methods outlined are illustrated by a national study of those experiencing an attack of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma in Singapore.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We recommend re-analyses of already published work on seasonality of disease using this angular methodology. We anticipate that this may provide both useful further insight into aspects of aetiology and case studies for the methods themselves.</p>","PeriodicalId":84981,"journal":{"name":"Journal of cancer epidemiology and prevention","volume":"7 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22056664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}