{"title":"UHPLC-MS/MS Technique: Applications in Analytical Chemistry","authors":"Hamid Khan","doi":"10.14233/ajchem.2024.31383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31383","url":null,"abstract":"The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) is becoming most advanced technique used for analysis of wide range of compounds in analytical chemistry. This technique has been effectively utilized for identifying and quantitatively determining substances in several pharmaceutical analysis fields. The UHPLC technique offers superior sensitivity, selectivity and peak shape in comparison to the conventional HPLC technique. The UHPLC coupled with various mass spectrometers gives accurate mass fragmentations which is ultimately helpful in structural identification and quantitative determination of compounds. The review provides brief introduction on development of UHPLC column packing materials and coupled mass detectors such as single quadrupole, triple quadrupole and time-of-flight mass. This review article also summarizes application of UHPLC-MS/MS technique in various fields of analytical chemistry.","PeriodicalId":8494,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"59 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A.N. Kristanti, N. Aminah, T.C. Bramayudha, K.W. Mukharomah, A.P. Wardana, B. Ilham, Y. Takaya
{"title":"Isolation of Verimol G from Illicium verum Hook.f. Fruit and its Computational Prediction as Antimalarial Agent","authors":"A.N. Kristanti, N. Aminah, T.C. Bramayudha, K.W. Mukharomah, A.P. Wardana, B. Ilham, Y. Takaya","doi":"10.14233/ajchem.2024.31287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31287","url":null,"abstract":"The present research focused on the isolation of the major compound in Illicium verum Hook.f. fruit and exploring its potential as an inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum through computational approach, molecular docking and dynamic simulation. Verimol G was successfully extracted from the ethyl acetate extract for the first time from fruit. A successful prediction of the preferred orientation of the ligand to the receptor has been determined by the docking molecular approach. A molecular dynamics simulation was also conducted to study the dynamic behaviour of verimol G in relation to wild-type P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR). The free binding energy analyses (ΔGbind) of verimol G-PfDHRF was found to be -8.07 kcal mol-1. The decomposition energy results (ΔGbindresidue) showed that there were seven key binding residues which stabilized the binding of verimol G. The anticipated data could potentially serve as valuable insights for the advancement and formulation of an antiplasmodial medicine.","PeriodicalId":8494,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"45 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chandrashekhar R. Patil, S. Patil, Anita K. Tawade, Bhagyashri B. Kambale, S. Tayade, Sharad S. Patil, D. N. Zambare
{"title":"Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue Dye by Annealed Waste Foundry Sand","authors":"Chandrashekhar R. Patil, S. Patil, Anita K. Tawade, Bhagyashri B. Kambale, S. Tayade, Sharad S. Patil, D. N. Zambare","doi":"10.14233/ajchem.2024.31029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31029","url":null,"abstract":"Under optimized experimental conditions, the efficient removal of methylene blue dye from annealed waste foundry sand as adsorbent was carried out. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and partical size analysis were used to confirm the crystalline structure, composition and morphology of the prepared sorbent. The sorbent achieved its highest adsorption capacity by interacting with an aqueous solution contaminated with methylene blue dye. A comparison was made between the sorbent and three annealed sands based on their dye removal efficiency adsorption data over time. By using Langmuir and pseudo second-order kinetic models to the sorption data, it is observed that both physical and chemical processes can influence the removal process. According to experimental data, annealed waste foundry sand (WFS-300) has a high adsorption efficiency and methylene blue adsorption follows.","PeriodicalId":8494,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Gopi, M. Dhanaraju, Konatham Pranusha, Thiyagarajan Deepan, AR Magesh, Dhanaraju Kavitha
{"title":"Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Antitubercular Activity of Novel Benzimidazole Mannich Base Derivatives","authors":"C. Gopi, M. Dhanaraju, Konatham Pranusha, Thiyagarajan Deepan, AR Magesh, Dhanaraju Kavitha","doi":"10.14233/ajchem.2024.31314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31314","url":null,"abstract":"In present work, the newly synthesized benzimidazole Mannich base derivatives were design, synthesized and evaluated the in silico and in vitro antitubercular activity. These compounds were synthesized by condensation reaction between 1-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)ethanone and aliphatic/aromatic amines. The synthesized compound structures were identified by FTIR, 13C NMR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopies. The results indicated that these derivatives have significant antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) cell wall enzyme enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA), EthR regulatory protein in H73Rv strain. The results found in the in vitro study are firmly similar to the in silico study. Among the synthesized compounds, 3d and 3e exhibited the highest activity due to the connection of the electron-donating group to the Mannich base. Therefore, these compounds deserve the development of new antitubercular agents.","PeriodicalId":8494,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"31 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Nurul Islam Siddique, Az Zahirah, Md. Zamri Bin Ibrahim, N. Ali, Shahrul Bin Ismail, Wan Sani Wan Nik, M. R. K. Chowdhury
{"title":"Production of Methane and Hydrogen from Mild-Strength Industrial Wastewater","authors":"Md. Nurul Islam Siddique, Az Zahirah, Md. Zamri Bin Ibrahim, N. Ali, Shahrul Bin Ismail, Wan Sani Wan Nik, M. R. K. Chowdhury","doi":"10.14233/ajchem.2024.30618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.30618","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two decades, fossil fuel reserves have sharply shrunk, which has resulted in a global fall in energy sources. Alternative carbon-neutral renewable energy sources have caught the interest of experts due to the erratic nature of energy prices and their severe ecological effects. The treatment plant’s mild-strength effluent from an equalization tank at an industrial factory was used in this study to generate hydrogen and methane. This mild-strength effluent had a chemical oxygen demand (COD) content of 2.8 ± 1.0 g COD/L. A double stage anaerobic digestion system’s hydrogen-generating digester was run at a hydraulic retention time of 8 h while the methane-generating digester was run at a hydraulic retention time of 24 h. The highest methane production rate (MPR), methane yield (MY), methane content and COD elimination were, in order, 71 ± 30 mL/L-d, 57 ± 10 mL/g COD, 90 ± 1% and 77%, respectively. In this experiment, energy efficiency was assessed using the following criteria: Maximum heating was at a value of 2.1 × 108 kcal/y. Utilizing energy-equivalent coal, natural gas, or fuel reduced annual carbon emissions by 8.7 × 104 kg CO2/y, 5.1 × 104 kg CO2/y and 7.1 × 104 kg CO2/y, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8494,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"42 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neelam Yadav, Sonu Chauhan, Sarita Sangwan, Ravi Kumar, Deepak
{"title":"Recent Advances in Anti-Urease Activity of Schiff Bases and their Metal Complexes","authors":"Neelam Yadav, Sonu Chauhan, Sarita Sangwan, Ravi Kumar, Deepak","doi":"10.14233/ajchem.2024.31333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31333","url":null,"abstract":"The urease enzyme, found in plants, fungi and bacteria, plays a crucial role in catalyzing the hydrolysis of urea, a process integral to microbial metabolism. Its ureolytic activities have garnered significant attention for their impact on agriculture and the health of living organisms. Notably, urease activity in the human stomach, urinary tract and animal cells can lead to pathogenic outcomes. Schiff bases, characterized by their carbonyl-type imine or azomethine linkage, are recognized for their diverse biological effects, including anti-urease activity. Additionally, the metal complexes derived from the Schiff bases demonstrate controlled urease inhibition activity, influenced by factors such as the type of metal, its oxidation state and the coordination environment. This inhibition occurs through the interaction of the Schiff base ligand with the nickel containing active site of urease or the protein sphere surrounding the metal, disrupting the ureolytic mechanism. In this review, the utilization of Schiff bases and their metal complexes in urease inhibition is highlighted as explored by various research groups.","PeriodicalId":8494,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"54 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. S. Khadgamala, V. N. Rao, K. Apparao, B. V. Durgarao, B. S. Diwakar, N. Rao
{"title":"CuI Promoted Efficient Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Substituted 8,8-Dimethyl-5-phenyl-2-(pyrazin-2-yl)-5,7,8,9-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolin-6-one","authors":"N. S. Khadgamala, V. N. Rao, K. Apparao, B. V. Durgarao, B. S. Diwakar, N. Rao","doi":"10.14233/ajchem.2024.30890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.30890","url":null,"abstract":"In present study, an efficient synthesis of substituted 5,7,8,9-tetrahydro-6H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolin-6-one compounds promoted by CuI as catalyst was carried out. These derivatives were obtained from 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine, dimedone and substituted aromatic aldehyde in presence of CuI in ethanol as solvent at 70 ºC. Initially, 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine was synthesized from pyrazine-3- carboxylic acid reacted with thiosemicarbazide in the presence of 50% H2SO4 in acetonitrile at 70 ºC. All the newly obtained derivatives were evaluated by the spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LCMS and structural determination of titled analogous were analyzed by elemental analysis. The antibacterial activities of the newly synthesized compounds were also screened. ","PeriodicalId":8494,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shridhar P. Melkeri, P. Naik, N. Satyanarayan, I. Pushpavathi, G. Krishnamurthy, Prabhakar W. Chavan
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Biopotent Transition Metal Complexes of Schiff Base 2-{(1)-1-[2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]ethyl}-6,10b-dihydro-3H-benzo[f]chromen-3-one and their Biological Evaluation","authors":"Shridhar P. Melkeri, P. Naik, N. Satyanarayan, I. Pushpavathi, G. Krishnamurthy, Prabhakar W. Chavan","doi":"10.14233/ajchem.2024.31148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31148","url":null,"abstract":"Three transition metal(II) complexes (M = Co/ Zn/Pd) were synthesized by using a newly synthesized Schiff base ligand 2-{(1E)-1-[2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)hydrazinylidene]ethyl}-6,10b-dihydro-3H-benzo[f]chromen-3-one (L) by conventional method. The structure of the compounds were determined by physical and analytical techniques like UV-visible, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques and the crystallinity and inter-planar distance of the complexes were confirmed by XRD. The electron density in HOMO and LUMO was determined by DFT studies. The studies of electronic spectra and measurements of magnetic susceptibility suggest that Co(II) complex shows an octahedral geometry, Pd(II) complexes show square planar geometry and (ZnL2Cl2) complex shows tetrahedral geometry. The molar conductivity results suggested the non-electrolytic nature of the metal(II) complexes. The synthesized compounds was tested against antibacterial activity for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The molecular docking study demonstrated that the ligand and its metal(II) complexes possess antibacterial and anticancer properties, and the results showed that the compounds were effective against the microorganisms that were examined. Furthermore, the results found that metal(II) complexes provided enhanced immunity against cancer cell lines.","PeriodicalId":8494,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"57 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trace Level Quantification of Genotoxic Impurities through Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI) Coupled with Triple Quardrapole Analyzer in Combination Diabetic Drug Product","authors":"Mehul Pathak, Dhara D. Patel, Dalip Sharma, Avineesh Singh, Suresh Agrawal","doi":"10.14233/ajchem.2024.31178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31178","url":null,"abstract":"N-Nitrosamine impurities have been found in several drug products, showing a concern for regulatory aspects. The study presents the development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for detecting eight nitrosamines in vildagliptin and metformin drug products. The developed method was specific and linearity was ranged 3.53-55.92 ppb for NDMA, 3.18-50.37 ppb for NMBA, 0.97-15.41 ppb for NDEA, 0.98-15.52 ppb for NEIPA, 1.00-15.86 ppb for NDIPA, 0.98-15.46 ppb for NDBA, 0.98-15.58 ppb for NMPA and 0.7-15.32 ppb for NDPA with correlation coefficient (r) was more than 0.98 and square of correlation coefficient (r2) was found to be greater than 0.96. The LOQ were obtained in the range of 0.97-3.53 ppb with %RSD in the range of 2.5-10.9% for eight nitrosamines showed good sensitivity. Accuracy was found in the range of 98.63 ± 5.77-125.17 ± 3.68% at LOQ level, 74.77 ± 0.83-88.17 ± 0.15% at 50% level, 79.93 ± 8.47-89.00 ± 0.61% at 100% level and 74.67 ± 2.31-84.03 ± 0.93% at 150% level for the eight nitrosamine impurities that were well within acceptance criteria of not less than 70% and not more than 130%. The method validation results demonstrated that the method is precise, accurate and linear, can be applied to quantify the nitrosamines in vildagliptin and metformin drug products.","PeriodicalId":8494,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"56 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadyah Mohammed Alazmaa, V. Avupati, Carolina Santiago
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, in vitro Biological Evaluation of a Series of Benzothiazole Amides as Antibacterial Agents","authors":"Hadyah Mohammed Alazmaa, V. Avupati, Carolina Santiago","doi":"10.14233/ajchem.2024.31299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2024.31299","url":null,"abstract":"A series of benzothiazole amides (VH01-06) were synthesized by using modified Schotten-Baumann reaction conditions, all the resultant compounds were obtained in good yields and purity. The molecular structure of the compounds was characterized using physical and spectral methods. The structures of the compounds were consistent with the analytical data obtained for FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS ESI-Mass spectroscopic techniques. Further, compounds were subjected to the in vitro antibacterial activity screening against various strains that includes Gram-positive bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 3359 and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) ATCC 2592) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli J53 R1, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031 and Klebsiella pneumonia BAA-1075). Based on the biological screening results, compounds VH01-06 were found to possesses limited antibacterial properties against selected strains, since the recorded activity was found at 100 µM concentration. While compound VH05 displayed specific activity against E. coli ATCC 25923 at 200 µg/mL.","PeriodicalId":8494,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Chemistry","volume":"43 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}