Injury control and safety promotion最新文献

{"title":"How safe are childcare products, toys and playground equipment? A Swedish analysis of mild brain injuries at home and during leisure time 1998-1999.","authors":"I Emanuelson","doi":"10.1076/icsp.10.3.139.14553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/icsp.10.3.139.14553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim was to highlight the role of childcare products as causes for mild brain injury (concussion) in small children (0-4 years of age) and to determine the most dangerous products. By childcare products this report means the following items: child and baby furniture, nursing tables, baby walkers, toys, baby carriages, sport equipment for children, playground equipment and security equipment for children. The data were derived from the EHLASS (European Home and Leisure Accident Surveillance System) for 1998 and 1999 and covered a restricted population of Sweden (approximately 5 per cent). According to this register 182 mild brain injuries (concussions) were recorded following a fall, an accident or a blow to the head among children (0-4 years of age) during 1998 and 158 for 1999. Of those injuries, childcare products were the cause of the accident in 84 (46 per cent) and 76 (48 per cent) cases respectively for 1998 and 1999. The number of children admitted for hospital care was 68 (57/84) and 74 (56/76) per cent respectively. The home was the most common place of the accident and play and leisure activity were the most common activities. More than 50 per cent of these accidents took place during daytime. The product type that caused most accidents was nursery furniture and, in this category, the baby walker was the most dangerous. The product type that caused the second most frequent accidents was playground equipment.</p>","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"10 3","pages":"139-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/icsp.10.3.139.14553","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22484553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting safety--a component in health promotion in primary and secondary schools.","authors":"Heinz Hundeloh,&nbsp;Beat Hess","doi":"10.1076/icsp.10.3.165.14554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/icsp.10.3.165.14554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accidents, especially accidents involving children or young people, are a key health problem that needs to find higher prominence in preventative measures. The school as the central socialisation institution plays a key role in the process of continual improvement. However, to date the prevailing approaches of technical accident prevention and behaviourled safety training have not led to sustained improvements in the safety of children and young people. This article presents the key elements and characteristics of a new approach that not only aims to make significant improvements in safety but is also aimed at schools having an improved perception of their key role--to instruct and educate. The authors assume that greater security can only be achieved in and through schools if safety promotion is at the same time school development. In this understanding, safety promotion focuses on the key players in the school and school life itself, and in particular endeavours to strengthen relationships and behaviour that promote safety and to minimise those that can have a negative effect. It emphasises practical changes to daily school life with regard to construction and fittings, education, training, organisation and politics, and involves the needs of everybody who lives and works at the school.</p>","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"10 3","pages":"165-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/icsp.10.3.165.14554","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22484556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injuries from motorcycle- and moped crashes in Sweden from 1987 to 1999.","authors":"Magnus Aare,&nbsp;Hans von Holst","doi":"10.1076/icsp.10.3.131.14556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/icsp.10.3.131.14556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this paper is to study injuries from motorcycle and moped crashes in Sweden from 1987 to 1999. Databases at the National Board for Health and Welfare and codes from both ICD9 and ICD10 systems were used, including patterns of age, gender, E-code and type of injury. Length of hospital stay, type of injuries and trends over time was evaluated. To get a more detailed picture of the age distribution, type of vehicle used and number of killed, data from the Swedish National Road Administration were also used. In Sweden, 27,122 individuals received in-patient care due to motorcycle and moped injuries between 1987 and 1999. The motorcycle and moped injury rate was reduced in the second half of the studied period and so were the total days of treatment per year. Males had eight times the incidence of injuries compared to females. Riders under the age of 26 and in particular those at an age of 15 had the highest incidence rate. Head injuries were the most frequent diagnosis, followed by fractures to the lower limbs. Concussion was the most frequent head injury. Focal and diffuse brain injuries combined showed the same frequency as concussion. It is concluded that more preventative strategies must be presented before the injury rate can be reduced.</p>","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"10 3","pages":"131-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/icsp.10.3.131.14556","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22484552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From injury research to injury prevention: facilitating the connection.","authors":"Eleni Petridou","doi":"10.1076/icsp.10.3.121.14561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/icsp.10.3.121.14561","url":null,"abstract":"large when there is a perception that the solution to a problem is within reach. Campaigns against AIDS, drug abuse and tobacco smoking have a vision of ultimate success, however remote or even unreasonable that vision might be. There has never been any illusion that injuries can be eliminated; indeed, the progress in the field of injury prevention has always been slow, incremental and painful. This, however, should not lead to discouragement but rather to realistic efforts for re-orientation of preventive strategies. The crucial question is: how could the scientific community use most effectively the results of injury research for the implementation of injury prevention projects? There is no easy answer, but some issues deserve consideration. In order to rationalize injury prevention approaches one could borrow from other fields of research some important concepts. Preventive effectiveness could be viewed at three levels: theoretical, pragmatic (in other fields termed ‘clinical’) and population-based. Theoretical effectiveness requires optimal performance of all involved parties and perfect function of all equipment. For instance, effectiveness of car restraints could exceed 80% in simulation crashes. In pragmatic terms, this effectiveness is closer to 60%, because of poor adjustment, quality control or maintenance of the materials involved, or because the actual use deviates from the foreseeable use. The population-based effectiveness is much lower for the simple and sad reason that many car passengers fail to comply with legal requirements or indeed plain logic. The terms ‘theoretical,’ ‘pragmatic’ and ‘population-based’ effectiveness may be more relevant to planning, implementing and evaluating preventive measures than the terms ‘individual’ and ‘population attributable’ risk, in that population attribution is incorporated in populationbased effectiveness and preventive effectiveness assumes, as a rule, a reduction rather than an increase in risk and the traditional measures of strength of the association. It is obvious that minimizing the difference between pragmatic and population-based effectiveness of preventive measures is as important as the introduction of new preventive measures of high theoretical effectiveness. Different fields or different economic sectors may be responsible for studies focusing on theoretical effectiveness, those addressing pragmatic effectiveness and those concerned with population effectiveness of injury prevention measures. It is not unusual for engineers to take the lead in devising preventive measures of high theoretical effectiveness and for social scientists to concentrate on behaviors that compromise population effectiveness. It is important, however, to develop a mutually agreed conceptual framework that allows ‘decomposition’ of the effectiveness, or lack thereof, of the various proposed or implemented preventive measures. For instance, is the failure of a new safety product or procedure inherent (an iss","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"10 3","pages":"121-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/icsp.10.3.121.14561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22484550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing the risk of choking hazards: mouthing behaviour of children aged 1 month to 5 years.","authors":"Stuart A Smith,&nbsp;Beverley Norris","doi":"10.1076/icsp.10.3.145.14562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/icsp.10.3.145.14562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Young children have a natural tendency to mouth items to explore their environment. Mouthing carries mechanical and chemical hazard potential for injury to the child, for example if they swallow an item they may choke, they may cut themselves on sharp items, and certain chemicals are present in plastic items which may pose a risk to children. Few data are available on the time that young children mouth items, how they mouth, and what they mouth. This study gathered data on 236 children aged between 1 month and 5 years to supplement and extend existing data. Findings are presented of estimated average and maximum daily mouthing times for children, how they mouth, what they mouth, and whether the items mouthed were intended to be. A validation study was carried out to determine the accuracy of the parental observation method used to gather the data. The implications of the findings of this study are discussed with respect to reducing the potential for mechanical accidents in the home.</p>","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"10 3","pages":"145-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/icsp.10.3.145.14562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22484554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age and gender differences in risk-taking behaviour as an explanation for high incidence of motor vehicle crashes as a driver in young males.","authors":"Cathy Turner,&nbsp;Rod McClure","doi":"10.1076/icsp.10.3.123.14560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/icsp.10.3.123.14560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Risk-taking behaviour has been identified as a possible explanation for the high incidence of motor vehicle crashes involving young male drivers. This study examines the extent to which differences in risk-taking behaviour explain the differential crash rates by age and gender. A random sample of 689 adults aged 17-88 were selected from motor vehicle license holders within randomly selected geographical areas across Queensland. Participants completed a questionnaire covering their attitudes towards driving behaviour and general risk-taking behaviour, selected demographic characteristics and self-reported history of road crashes as a driver. Univariate analysis showed that males scored higher means than females in driver aggression and thrill seeking and in their general risk acceptance. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that males were twice as likely (OR 2.46, CI 1.59-3.83) to have reported at least one crash as a driver compared to females and nearly three times as likely (OR 2.88, CI 1.84-4.49) to have reported two or more crashes. Drivers aged 17-29 were also twice as likely (OR 2.31, CI 1.10-4.19) to have reported at least one crash when compared to those aged over 50 years. When risk-taking behaviours were introduced into the logistic model the odds of males (OR 1.70, CI 1.29-3.30) or 17-29 year olds (OR 1.30, CI 0.93-3.91) being involved in at least one crash substantially reduced. An increased risk of a crash as a driver can, in part, be explained by the age and gender differential in risk-taking behaviour. The challenge for public health professionals is to determine suitable strategies to modify risk-taking behaviour in young or male drivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"10 3","pages":"123-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/icsp.10.3.123.14560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22484551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short note for paper published in Issue 2, Volume 9: ‘Characteristics and risk factors for accidental injury in Canada 1986-1996 …’","authors":"F. Mo,, B. Choi, C. Clottey, B. LeBrun, G. Robbins","doi":"10.1076/icsp.10.3.185.14557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/icsp.10.3.185.14557","url":null,"abstract":"1. It has been perceived that the tone of the article may lead readers to believe that the data represent all injuries in Canada. The data only represent those collected within CAIRE, which is limited to the participating hospitals. The article should have said that the participating hospitals were in six provinces rather than seven. 2. The nature of the data with respect to the inconsistent data collection over the 10-year-period and the limited number records selected for inclusions due to the number of participating hospitals (at three large children’s hospitals and four general hospitals) and selected consumer products were briefly discussed in the methods section. However, due to the importance of these limitations, they could also have been identified in the discussion and the link between these limitations and the findings would have been clearer to the reader. 3. It has been suggested that the methods used for the logistic regressions were confusing. 4. In Figure 2 and Table 2 the age groups used are of varying widths and for consistency, it would have been appropriate to use the same age groups. Using the crude numbers rather than the injury rates may give the reader a misleading comparison. 5. The ‘injury rate’ as presented in this paper is based solely on the limited data included in this study and is not population-based. 6. The statement that injury claims more children’s lives than birth defects, cancer and infectious diseases combined may be correct depending on how ‘children’ are defined. It is true for 1–14-year-olds, and 0–20-year-olds but not for 0–14-year-olds. 7. The authors state that CHIRPP ‘found that 75% of injuries involving children aged 5–14 years were caused by bicycle injuries.’ Both the information and the references are wrong. References were given to an article on sports injuries in CHIRPP (reference 9), which specifically excluded cycling injuries, and to an article on basketball injuries in CHIRPP (reference 10). No data on bicycling injuries are presented in either paper. A correct statement would have been that about 6% of all CHIRPP records for children aged 5–14 report injuries are associated with bicycling. (Children aged 5–14-years do, however, account for about 75% of CHIRPP records of injuries associated with bicycles. This high percentage is not surprising given that 75% of CHIRPP data are from children’s hospitals.) 8. In Table 3 the 4 digit numbers should have been labelled more precisely as ‘ICD-9 external cause codes.’ The values should have been presented as E883.9-E886.9 (rather than 8839–8869). This specific group of E-codes is said to represent ‘all kinds of accidental falls,’ however, typically all unintentional falls includes the ICD-9 external cause codes E880.0-E888. 9. In Table 5 the difference between the two categories (‘other and unspecified places,’ ‘unspecified places’) is tenuous and probably they should have been combined in the analysis. Since the information comes from medical reco","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"10 1","pages":"185 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/icsp.10.3.185.14557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59297728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How useful are insurance claim data for sports injury prevention purposes?","authors":"Caroline Finch","doi":"10.1076/icsp.10.3.181.14559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/icsp.10.3.181.14559","url":null,"abstract":"Comprehensive information about the incidence of sports injuries in Australia is limited because data have been collected from a variety of sources, with different methodologies or only from selected groups of high performance athletes. The need for standardized data collection methodologies to improve the comparability and interpretation of data led to the development of the Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary (ASIDD). The ASIDD provides guidelines for sports injury data collection classifications and categorises data items according to their relevance for injury prevention purposes:","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"10 3","pages":"181-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/icsp.10.3.181.14559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22485090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neck injuries among the elderly in Sweden.","authors":"Karin Brolin","doi":"10.1076/icsp.10.3.155.14558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/icsp.10.3.155.14558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neck injuries are some of the most important injuries as they have the potential to influence the spinal cord. A previous national survey of neck injuries in Sweden revealed that injury incidence was increasing for the population over 65 years of age, although it was decreasing for the population as a whole. The aim of this study was therefore to further clarify the magnitude, severity, and external causes of neck injuries in the elderly people in Sweden. A national incidence study, with focus on the age group above 65 years, was undertaken with data from the injury surveillance program at the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. The investigation includes cervical vertebral fractures reported between 1987 and 1999, and cervical soft tissue injuries from 1997 to 1999. Data in the hospital discharge register were reported in ICD9 from 1987 to 1996, while data from 1997 to 1999 were reported in ICD10. During the study period 4168 cervical injuries occurred of which 341 were fatal. People above 65 years of age made up 17% of the population and sustained 30% of all cervical injuries and 43% of all fatal cervical injuries. Half of the cervical injuries were axis (C2) fractures. Lower vertebral fractures occurred in 16% of the cases and atlas (C1) fractures in 11%. The cervical soft tissue injuries amount to 19% of all injuries. Fall accidents account for the majority (71%) of the accidents. There is an increasing trend for fall accidents resulting in neck injuries. The male population has a higher incidence for neck fractures than females, disregarding the external cause of injury. The upper cervical injuries are the most common, have the longest hospital treatments, and seem to be caused mainly by low energy falls. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of these injuries and in this aspect engineering could contribute with valuable knowledge, through accident simulations with numerical models. The increasing incidence of fall injuries calls for further preventive actions. The public sector should implement preventive strategies to reduce the number of extrinsic accidents, while the health care sector should focus on preventing intrinsic accidents with individual actions for each patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"10 3","pages":"155-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/icsp.10.3.155.14558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22484555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The epidemiology of head injuries in Sweden from 1987 to 2000.","authors":"Svein Kleiven,&nbsp;Paul M Peloso,&nbsp;Hans von Holst","doi":"10.1076/icsp.10.3.173.14552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1076/icsp.10.3.173.14552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the variability in the annual head injury incidence rate in Sweden from 1987 to 2000. It was hypothesized that the annual incidence rate would decrease over time due to a variety of primary preventive strategies that have been introduced in Swedish society. We used the Hospital Discharge Register at the National Board for Health and Welfare and head injury codes 800-804, and 850-854 from ICD9 system and S2.0-S2.9, and S6.0-S6.9 codes from ICD-10 system. We evaluated the patterns of age, gender, external cause of injury (E-code), type of injury, length of hospital stay, and trends over time. Head injuries due to transportation collision were reduced over the 14-year period analysis. Falls persisted as the dominant cause of head injury. Overall, men had 2.1 times the incidence of head injury compared to women. There was a decline in younger ages experiencing a head injury over this interval, while the number of head injuries among elderly people increased over time. Concussion was about three times more frequent than fractures. Hematoma and diffuse or focal contusions had a much lower incidence rate than concussion. Concussions and fractures decreased over time. Diffuse or focal injuries showed a steady rate of occurrence over the study interval while hematoma increased. Although length of hospital stay varied widely from zero to more than 50 days, 73.6% of hospital days were confined to two days or less. The incidence rate is stable over this time frame. While head injuries attributable to transportation accidents decreased, falls made up an increasing proportion of head injuries. Since we observed an increase in head injuries among elderly, primary prevention strategies may need to be targeted at this age group, and at preventing falls.</p>","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"10 3","pages":"173-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1076/icsp.10.3.173.14552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22485089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}