Injury control and safety promotion最新文献

{"title":"Patient payment for emergency medical services treatment and its impact on injury control: an Alberta case.","authors":"J Peter Rothe","doi":"10.1080/156609704/233/289760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/156609704/233/289760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A province-wide qualitative study on emergency medical services (EMS) in Alberta was initiated to better understand the extent to which patient billing influences EMS performance. After completing lengthy interviews with 108 EMS-related subjects it was learned through qualitative research methods that billing patients for EMS treatment (ambulatory care) has subtle or determined influences on EMS providers' emergency actions. Furthermore the act of billing patients can and does have an impact on patient care. It often leads to patients and/or their representatives refusing treatment and transportation. Testimony indicates that the final result can be and is troublesome to, patient outcomes. The findings support the generalization that in Alberta the patient's responsibility to pay for needed EMS treatment can be a major obstacle for inclusive injury control.</p>","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"11 4","pages":"291-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/156609704/233/289760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25118458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-based programmes to prevent pedestrian injuries in children 0-14 years: a systematic review.","authors":"Cathy Turner,&nbsp;Rod McClure,&nbsp;Jim Nixon,&nbsp;Anneliese Spinks","doi":"10.1080/156609704/233/289751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/156609704/233/289751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community-based models for injury prevention have become an accepted part of the overall injury control strategy. This systematic review of the scientific literature examines the evidence for their effectiveness in reducing pedestrian injury in children 0-14 years of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of the literature was performed using the following study selection criteria: community-based intervention study; target population was children under 14 years; outcome measure is either pedestrian injury rates or observed child pedestrian or vehicle driver behaviour; and use of a community control or an historical control in the study design. Quality assessment and data abstraction was guided by a standardized procedure and performed independently by two authors. Data synthesis was in tabular and text form with meta-analysis not being possible due to the discrepancy in methods and measures between the studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review found four studies that met all the inclusion criteria. The three studies using injury as their outcome measure found a 12%, 45% and 54% reduction for all childhood injuries with the fourth showing improved traffic control at child pedestrian sites (9% reduction in traffic flow) and sustainable community safety promotion activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a paucity of research studies in the literature from which evidence regarding the effectiveness of community-based programmes for the prevention of pedestrian injury in children can be drawn. However, the hypothesis that community-based interventions are effective in reducing the incidence of childhood pedestrian injury would appear to be supported, with the degree of success being cumulative depending on the complexity of individual strategies employed.</p>","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"11 4","pages":"231-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/156609704/233/289751","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25290819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child motor vehicle occupant and pedestrian casualties before and after enactment of child restraint seats legislation in Japan.","authors":"E B R Desapriya,&nbsp;Nobutada Iwase,&nbsp;Ian Pike,&nbsp;Mariana Brussoni,&nbsp;Michael Papsdorf","doi":"10.1080/156609704/233/289797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/156609704/233/289797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem: </strong>Prevention of injuries to child passengers is a significant public health priority, as motor vehicle-related injuries remain a leading cause of death for children in Japan. The purpose of compulsory child restraint seats legislation in April 2000 was to reduce the number of child passengers killed or injured in motor vehicle crashes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The objectives of this preliminary evaluation are to measure the effectiveness, benefits and usage of safety seats for child passengers aged 1-5 years by analysing the child casualty data for the period of 1997--2002. Population and vehicle miles travelled based injury and fatality rates were used to compare before and after legislation trends in child casualties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite overall increases in the use of child restraint seats (as observed by different national surveys), overall casualty rates in motor vehicle occupants in the 1-5 year age group did not change (fatalities and serious injuries) or even increased (minor injuries).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Casualties among restrained children have not decreased since the law came to effect in the year 2000, perhaps because of incorrect usage of the seats. Given that exposure to crash environments is increasing, traffic safety advocates and public health community need to be aware of the importance of child restraints as a means of reducing the likelihood of injury. It is necessary to implement effective community-based child safety seat campaigns to disseminate the information on appropriate restraint use and to increase efforts to enforce the existing legislation.</p>","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"11 4","pages":"225-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/156609704/233/289797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25290818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International collaborative effort on injury statistics: 10-year review.","authors":"Lois A Fingerhut","doi":"10.1080/156609704/233/331834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/156609704/233/331834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>International comparisons of injury data may be useful for examining differences in risk and for suggesting potential interventions or hypotheses for future studies. However important issues to be considered in conducting comparisons are related to both the underlying quality of the data and how the data is collected. The International Collaborative Effort (ICE) on Injury Statistics grew out of concerns over the comparability of international injury data. This article outlines the history behind the development of the injury ICE, brief descriptions of current and past projects, collaborations, and reflections on the value of collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"11 4","pages":"297-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/156609704/233/331834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25118459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines for conducting community surveys on injuries and violence.","authors":"Kara McGee,&nbsp;Dinesh Sethi,&nbsp;Margie Peden,&nbsp;Shakiba Habibula","doi":"10.1080/156609704/233/327505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/156609704/233/327505","url":null,"abstract":"Global mortality data indicate that in 2002 an estimated 5.2 million people died as a result of some form of injury. This number, however, does not reflect the numerous individuals who are non-fatally injured, many of whom suffer lifelong health consequences and disabilities. Combined data from high-income countries, such as Australia, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United States, indicate that in these countries for every person killed by injury, approximately 30 times as many people are hospitalized and roughly 300 times as many are treated in hospital emergency rooms and then discharged. When disability resulting from injury is also taken into consideration, injuries represent an even more significant public health problem. Developing countries account for approximately 90% of all injury fatalities world-wide. It is in these environments where the least has been done to prevent injuries. This is because of the lack of visibility of the problem, multisectorality and a lack of ownership and a failure to realize that injuries can be prevented through organized efforts of society. The present paper reports on the development of guidelines for conducting community surveys, which will contribute to increasing the visibility of the injury problem, especially in lowand middle-income countries, by providing a reliable methodology for their documentation. In many lowand middle-income countries vital statistics and routine health information may be lacking or, at best, patchy. Furthermore, in these settings demographic data may be incomplete or out of date, because it has been some years since a population census has been held. This situation may be compounded by the effects of wars, which lead to large population displacements, as has happened in countries of subSaharan Africa. Additionally, in post-conflict conditions the problem of injuries may be greater due to the ready availability of firearms and the loss of social cohesion in local and displaced populations. Routine health service information may be incomplete or inaccurate and reliance on it may lead to underestimates of the numbers of injured people seeking treatment in hospitals and other health facilities. As a result of a combination of these factors, estimates of the burden of injuries in lowand middle-income countries may be unreliable. Estimates for these countries are often based on projections from countries with more comprehensive injury data or on projections from population laboratories. Community-based, household surveys are one way of obtaining data on injury occurrence and deaths; in some settings such surveys also provide a means of collecting baseline population denominator data, necessary for the calculation of prevalence or incidence rates and that otherwise would not be available. In less resourced environments, a community survey to assess injuries can be a stand-alone method for the surveillance of injuries or a valuable adjunct to hospital-based injury surveillance system","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"11 4","pages":"303-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/156609704/233/327505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25118460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"World Health Assembly resolutions on violence and injury prevention: new opportunities for national action.","authors":"Etienne G Krug","doi":"10.1080/1566097042000265809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1566097042000265809","url":null,"abstract":"cials of the 192 member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) convene in Geneva, Switzerland for the World Health Assembly (WHA): a vast gathering of over 2000 senior national and international decision-makers in health. During the WHA, delegates discuss a broad range of health topics based on a proposed agenda that they adopt at the beginning of the session. The objective of the discussion is often to arrive at a consensus on actions to address an important public health topic. If an agreement is reached, a resolution may be adopted. A resolution usually consists of a two to three page document with a preamble (or background) and ‘operative paragraphs’ that describe activities that member states should undertake. Through these resolutions, the WHA also requests the Secretariat of WHO to carry out certain activities or studies to support member states. Resolutions are often developed after months – sometimes years – of preliminary discussions and negotiations. While not legally binding, resolutions are important international policy documents that set the stage for public health actions conducted by governments, civil society and WHO staff. Resolutions are considered the main tools for guiding WHO programmes. They provide WHO with a mandate to undertake activities in a specific area. Previous resolutions in areas as diverse as mental health, dengue fever and HIV have been instrumental in raising awareness and developing activities in these areas. In the last 2 years, the WHA has passed two important resolutions related to the field of injury prevention and safety promotion: WHA 56.24 – ‘Implementing the recommendations of the World report on violence and health’ (see Appendix 1) and WHA 57.10 – ‘Road safety and health’ (see Appendix 2). The objective of this paper is to draw attention to these resolutions because it is important that injury prevention and safety promotion experts and practitioners are aware of them in order to provide assistance and encouragement to their governments to implement them. These two resolutions were not the first on the topic: During its first 55 years of existence, the WHA passed another five resolutions, which focused on injury prevention (Box 1). In addition, there are a number of other resolutions that are indirectly relevant to injury prevention because they discuss related topics such as health promotion, child and adolescent health, women’s health, etc.","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"11 4","pages":"259-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1566097042000265809","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25290822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The causes and control of loader- and truck-related fatalities in surface mining operations.","authors":"Vladislav Kecojevic,&nbsp;Mark Radomsky","doi":"10.1080/156609704/233/289779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/156609704/233/289779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At surface mining operations throughout the world, loaders and trucks are a primary means of material loading and haulage. As the size, use and technological complexity of these units have increased, so has the concern regarding loader and truck safety. The severity and number of accidents involving loaders and trucks is higher when compared to all other mining accident types. In this paper, an analysis of loader and truck-related fatalities over the last 8 years is performed, the fatality categories and causes of accidents are established and control strategies are discussed and evaluated in an effort to increase hazard awareness by emphasizing safe loading, hauling and maintenance practices, as well as the value of traditional and innovative miner training programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"11 4","pages":"239-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/156609704/233/289779","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25290820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol use and trauma in Cape Town, Durban and Port Elizabeth, South Africa: 1999--2001.","authors":"Andreas Plüddemann,&nbsp;Charles Parry,&nbsp;Hilton Donson,&nbsp;Anesh Sukhai","doi":"10.1080/156609704/233/289599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/156609704/233/289599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess acute alcohol intoxication among patients presenting with recent injuries at trauma units in Cape Town, Port Elizabeth and Durban from 1999 to 2001.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional surveys were conducted during a four-week period in each of the above sites in 1999, 2000 and 2001. The concept of an 'idealised week' was used to render representative samples. Breath-alcohol concentrations were assessed in a total of 1900 patients using a Lion SD2 alcolmeter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over half of all the patients experienced violent injuries. Across sites and for each respective year of the survey, between 35.8% and 78.9% of patients tested positive for alcohol. Between 16.5% and 67.0% had a breath-alcohol concentration greater than or equal to 0.05g/100ml. Port Elizabeth consistently had the highest proportion of patients testing positive for alcohol. Patients injured as a result of violence were more likely to test positive for alcohol than patient who sustained road traffic or other unintentional injuries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alcohol involvement among trauma patients remained consistently high for each of the three study periods. Efforts to combat the abuse of alcohol would appear to paramount in reducing the burden of injuries on health care services.</p>","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"11 4","pages":"265-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/156609704/233/289599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25290823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using an electronic medical record system to describe injury epidemiology and health care utilization at an inner-city hospital in Indiana.","authors":"Wilson W Odero,&nbsp;William M Tierney,&nbsp;Robert M Einterz,&nbsp;Simon Mungai","doi":"10.1080/156609704/233/289616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/156609704/233/289616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Injuries are a major public health problem worldwide. In the USA, injuries cause 146, 400 deaths annually, with 31 million non-fatal injury visits to emergency departments (EDs). EDs thus represent an important source of injury data. The primary objective of the current study was to describe the epidemiology of injury-related ED visits and assess injury-related utilization of health care resources in an inner-city hospital in Indiana, using data stored in a computerized medical record system. It involved a retrospective review of the records for injury visits to EDs and injury admissions over a 3-year period. The variables extracted and analysed included patients' demographics, external cause of injury, diagnosis, length of stay, ED and hospital charges. A total of 60,470 injury-related ED visits were made, the majority of patients were male (61.6%), uninsured (63.1%), treated in ED and discharged (98.4%). The leading causes of injury were falls (18.8%), motor vehicle crashes (18.4%), assaults (17.6%), being struck (11.2%) and overexertion (10.6). Firearms caused most injury deaths (32.4%; n = 314); motor vehicle crashes were the leading cause of hospitalization (26.6%; n = 642) and also the most expensive to treat as inpatients (mean charge $19,190). The mean charge per patient treated and discharged was $150 compared to $11,116 for patients admitted. These findings demonstrate the value of computerized medical records in capturing and storing E-coded injury data. The system generates data that can be used for epidemiological surveillance and injury prevention at the local level, and for assessment of impact of specific injuries on health care resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"11 4","pages":"269-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/156609704/233/289616","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25118455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School backpack weights: a survey of students in Ghana, Guatemala and the USA.","authors":"Samuel N Forjuoh","doi":"10.1080/156609704/233/289724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/156609704/233/289724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cross-sectional studies were conducted in conveniently selected schools in Ghana, Guatemala, and the USA to quantify and compare the percentage of body weight carried by students in their backpacks as well as assess parental knowledge of the backpack weights and contents. Mean backpack weights varied significantly by country and increased significantly with increasing student grade. In the USA, girls significantly carried heavier backpacks (p <.0001). The backpack loads represented an average of 7.7% (95% CI = 7.4-8.0), 9.7% (95% CI = 9.2-10.2), and 9.4% (95% CI = 9.1-9.8) of student body weights in Ghana, Guatemala, and the USA, respectively. No student in Ghana carried a wheeled backpack in contrast to 6% and 2.8%, respectively, in Guatemala and the USA. In Ghana, 4.1 and 73.6% of parents were reported to be aware of their children's backpack weights and contents, respectively, compared to 21.9 and 57.5% in Guatemala, and 7.7 and 55.3% in the USA. Backpack loads respresent a significant percentage of the body weights of students in all three countries. The vast majority of parents are unaware of their child's backpack weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":84914,"journal":{"name":"Injury control and safety promotion","volume":"11 4","pages":"287-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/156609704/233/289724","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25118457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}