Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research最新文献

{"title":"Anticancer Potential of Rhychosia beddomei: An In vitro and In silico Study","authors":"M. L. Madhuri, R. Reddy","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i3222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i3222","url":null,"abstract":"Rhychosia beddomei is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Traditionally this plant has been used as a medicine for multiple ailments including cancer. The present study addresses the evaluation of In vitro anticancer activity by using MTT Assay of methanolic extracts of whole plant of Rhychosia beddomei in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) cell line in comparison with standard drug doxorubicin as well as In silico analysis. Doxorubicin acts in the cancer cell by intercalation into DNA and disruption of topoisomerase-II-mediated DNA repair and generation of free radicals and their damage to cellular membranes, DNA and proteins. Cytotoxicity studies have indicated that the phytoconstituents of Rhychosia beddomei have the ability to selectively target cancer, whereas minimal or negligible cytotoxic effects were observed on normal cells. The molecular docking approach was employed to check binding conformations of phytochemicals against human cyclin-dependent kinase 2, CDK-2 and Topoisomerase-2, Topo-II proteins (Protein Data bank-ID: 1DI8 and 1ZXM) through Mcule online molecular modelling tool. The docking revealed an encouraging binding score with a maximum score of -11.5 and -10.4 kCal/mol with CDK-2 and Topo-II respectively and all the selected ligands indicate promising anticancer activity. Molecular docking studies using the phytoconstituents were performed in order to gain a better understanding of the putative mechanisms of action leading to the development of improved and affordable therapies. This study paves a way to better understand the integration of molecular docking and in vitro studies can accelerate cancer drug discovery showing a good consistency of anticancer therapeutic drug potentials of Rhychosia beddomei by In vitro and In silico approaches.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80804501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV/visible Spectroscopic Studies and Analytical Evaluation of Dicliptera verticillate Leaves Extracts as Eco-friendly Indicator for Acid-Base Titration","authors":"E. Nsi, A. Akpakpan, Emaime J. Uwanta, Nyeneime W. Akpanudo, I. Akpan","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i3220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i3220","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic indicators usually employed in acid-base titration to determine the end point is expensive and non-biodegradable. Hence there is need to develop an eco-friendly and cost effective acid-base indicator from plant origin to serve as efficient alternative for the synthetic indicators. This research work focused on the development of easily available, cost effective and eco-friendly indicator from Dicliptera verticillate leaves extracts for acid-base titration. UV/visible spectrometer was used to analyzed the ethanol extract (EE), ethanol extract in basic medium (EEB), ethanol extract in acidic medium (EEA), hot water extract (HWE), Hot water extract in basic medium (HWEB) and hot water extract in acidic medium (HWEA) to determine the wavelength of maximum absorption (λmax), and the absorbance of the extracts in different media in order to evaluate the chromophoric properties of the plant extracts phytochemicals before and after titrations. Titrimetric analysis was carried out in the reactions of strong acid/strong base (HCl/NaOH), strong acid/weak base (HCl/NH4OH), weak acid/strong base (CH3COOH /NaOH) and weak acid/weak base (CH3COOH/NH4OH). The results revealed that both extracts exhibit hypsochromic shift (shift to a shorter wavelength) with corresponding hypochromic effect (decreased in the absorption intensity) in both acidic and basic media. The titrimetric results revealed that the plant extracts give the end point comparable to that of the synthetic indicators such as methyl orange and phenolphthalein. Hence ethanol and hot water extracts of Dicliptera Verticillate can be utilized as suitable alternative indicators for acid - based titrations, since it is biodegradable and cost effective.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87548829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Chemical Constituent and Biological Activity of Roots from Cleistanthus oblonggifolius (Roxb.) Mull. Arg","authors":"Saranya Wattananon, Wilart Pompimon, Phansuang Udomputtimekakul, Puttinan Maepowpan, Thanatcha Taratong, Amornrat Khamkaew, Atchariyaporn Mookaewkrue, Raksina Boonthadang, Nopawit Khamto, Puracheth Rithchumpon, N. Nuntasaen","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i2219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i2219","url":null,"abstract":"Background: C. oblongifolius is a species of Asian trees, originally described by William Roxburgh and later placed by Johannes Müller Argoviensis; it is now included in the family Phyllanthaceae. Distributed throughout Indochina and Malesia, its name in Vietnam is cọc rào; it has been recorded from the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Australia (Queensland), Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, peninsular Malaysia, Maluku, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Vietnam and Thailand. Several species of this genus are highly poisonous (C. collinus), some are brewed for treating dysentery (C. decurrens), and used for treatment of asthma (C. myrianthus). \u0000Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of crude extract and purified substance on inhibition of AIDS and cancer. \u0000Methods: Phytochemical studies were extracts from these solvents used for the study: hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The dried herbs were ground and extracted by chromatography. Extracts and compound have been tested for HIV-1 RT, anti-syncytium and cytotoxicity. The obtained purification compounds were used to determine the structure by spectroscopic techniques such as UV. IR, NMR and MS. \u0000Results: The study found that compound 3-O-methylellagic acid 4'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside from the roots of this plant, it was also found that ethyl acetate and methanol class extracts inhibited anti-HIV-1 RT up to 100% and 65% pure substance. For all extracts and purified compounds, syncytium inhibition assay showed inhibition HIV with EC50 <7.8 µM, TI>2.31. SH-SY5Y anticancer was showed with ED50 = 6.7 µM. \u0000Conclusion: C. oblongifolius extract, most of these fractions were potent in inhibiting HIV-1 RT and syncytium (MC99+1A2) inhibition. In addition, hexane extract inhibited the growth of SH-SY5Y cancer cells more than other cancer cells. However, the isolated purified compound only had an inhibitory effect on HT-29 cells with ED50 10.11 µg/mL.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82207807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Evaluation of 1, 2-Dibromoethane Product as Oil Field Emulsion Breaker","authors":"Okoye Ogechi, O. Akaranta, U. Chukwu","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i2218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i2218","url":null,"abstract":"Quercetin rich compound and cardanol rich compound were extracted and modified via the William ether synthesis using 1,2-dibromoethane in the presence of a base catalyst. The FTIR spectral analysis of the modified product confirmed its chemical modification. The modified product MRCNSL was evaluated as emulsion breakers. Medium crude and seawater, characterized with ASTM standards were used in producing laboratory-simulated crude oil emulsions at varying crude oil: water mixing ratios of 90:10, 70:30 and 50:50. Performance of MRCNSL demulsifier was evaluated based on variation in dosage (10 ppm – 50 ppm), water content (10%, 30% and 50%), and solvent types (ethanol, butanol, xylene and a binary mixture of butanol and xylene in ratio 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30) at room temperature within a 3-hr period via bottle testing. Results obtained showed that water separation increases with demulsifier concentration and emulsion water content respectively, though water separation varied among the solvents. In conclusion, the evaluated MRCNSL product possesses emulsion breaking potential using binary mixture of Butanol/xylene (70:30) as solvent at shorter times. This may be due to the synergetic effect of Butanol as a solvent, thus, Butanol/xylene (70:30) should be considered as solvent substitute for xylene due to reduced cost and less toxicity levels, unlike using xylene alone which is toxic and expensive.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72793821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical Quality and Health Risks Associated with Use of Water from Nyamwamba River, Kasese, Western Uganda","authors":"Jockus Masereka, D. Byamugisha, Christopher Adaku","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i2217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i2217","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: In Kasese district of Western Uganda, farmers cultivating near Nyamwamba River (NR) experience crop wilting whenever the river banks burst. Increased cases of cancer and ulcers                    in the district is anecdotally blamed on ingestion of contaminated water from water resources polluted by tailings from Kilembe copper mines. Sand miners attested that mining in NR caused body irritations and itching while drinking water from the same river results in abdominal complications in infants. The aim of this study was to assess the seasonal variations in the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals (HMs) content of water from NR, and the associated health risks. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The experiments were done at the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda from 2018 to 2019. \u0000Methodology: This study employed quantitative research design. Water was sampled from down, middle and upstream of NR and Mubuku River, Western Uganda during the dry and wet seasons. The samples were analyzed for physicochemical parameters (pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended soils) and HMs: chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) by atomic absorption spectrometry. The estimated daily intake (EDI), target harzard quotient (THQ) and cancer risks were calculated to explore if there are any carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks that could arise from ingestion and dermal contact with water from NR. \u0000Results: Most physicochemical parameters of the water samples only met WHO guidelines for drinking water in the upstream. The mean concentration of Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd and As were 0.90-29.66 mg/L, 0.21-10.74 mg/L, 0.40-8.21 mg/L, 1.10-13.47 mg/L, 0.79-13.47 mg/L, 0.05-1.40 mg/L and 0.22-4.34 mg/L, respectively. Wet season recorded higher HMs concentrations when compared to the dry season, with all its samples exceeding the WHO guidelines for drinking water. There was an extremely high concentration of HMs in the upstream samples than expected. Health risk assessment indicated that the EDI through dermal contact ranged from 0.015 to 4.150 mg/kg/day while through ingestion of contaminated water, the values ranged from 0.008 × 10-6 to 38.266 × 10-6 mg/Lday. Some of the EDI doses were higher than corresponding reference doses for ingestion and contact with the HMs in water. THQ and total THQ exceeded 1 while cancer risk values were beyond the US EPA cancer risk borderline. \u0000Conclusion: This study revealed that there are serious non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks that could arise from consumption and contact with water from NR. Future studies should examine the relationship between the occurrence of trace metals in food stuffs with cancer, ulcers and other associated diseases in the area.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85199230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Enzyme-based Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Phenolic Compound (2- Methoxyphenol) Using Peroxidase from Ipomea batata","authors":"A. M. Magomya, G. G. Yebpella, U. Okpaegbe, H. Ataitiya","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i2216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i2216","url":null,"abstract":"Phenolic compounds and their derivatives are considered priority pollutants because they are harmful to living organisms even at low concentrations. Due to their toxicity and persistence in the environment, many efforts are been made to develop simple and effective methods for their determination. This study describes a peroxidase-based method for the quantitative determination of a named phenolic compound. The method is based on the oxido-reductase activity of peroxidase in a H2O2/2-Methoxyphenol system. Calibration curve of peroxidase activity (absorbance) against the phenol concentration forms the basis for its quantitative estimation. Factors influencing the reaction were evaluated and optimized; Optimum pH and temperature were 6 and 40°C respectively while optimum reaction time was 6 minutes.  The calibration curve for the analyte was linear (R2 =0.998) within the concentration range of 0.01–5 mM.  Repeatability of analysis was 3.8% RSD for 7 replicate measurements. Recovery tests for the analyte in water samples gave values between 85.33 – 112%.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89342575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production, Properties and Applications of Xylooligosaccharides (XOS): A Review","authors":"C. E. Anarado, F. M. Chukwubueze, O. F. Obumselu, N. U. Ejimofor, N. Okafor, C. Anarado, C. B. Nsofor","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i2215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i2215","url":null,"abstract":"Xylooligosaccharides derived from Xylan, significant component of hemicellulose in lignocellulosic plant biomass, are essential raw materials used in the food, pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. They find application in these industries due to their unique physicochemical properties such as pH stability, growth regulatory ability, and anti-allergic property. In addition, they have been shown to exhibit promising antimicrobial, anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Xylooligosaccharides convert waste into valuable foods, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural products, promoting health, the economy, and the environment.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87607008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process Technology for Production of Hydrogen-Rich Water and Water Characterizing by Highly Negative Oxidation Reduction Potential","authors":"Edward Reszke, Grzegorz Binkiewicz, G. Schroeder","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i1214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i1214","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of plasma reactors and the technological process of obtaining water rich in hydrogen and characterized by a negative oxidation potential are presented in the publication. Hydrogen-rich water was obtained based on non-plasma technology and water saturation with hydrogen gas in a reactor vessel or in glass bottles. We have developed a plasma flow reactor that allows for contactless microstructuring and modifying the properties of water / aqueous solutions by resonant stochastic vibration amplification of selected chemical compounds in water with broadband electromagnetic noise with frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 50 MHz generated during plasma discharge. This water is then saturated with hydrogen gas in the reactor or in glass bottles. The water obtained in the reactor is characterized by a high concentration of hydrogen (8 mg/L) and a negative oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) value (-450 mV). In this technology, the process of saturating water with hydrogen in a 1 m3 tank at a temperature of 20oC takes about 30 minutes. In the technology of obtaining water with negative ORP potential in the bottles, the process of saturating the water with hydrogen lasts only 5-10 seconds. Water obtained with such technology in the glass bottles does not contain much hydrogen gas after 24 hours, while it is characterized by a negative ORP value of about -380 mV even for a period of three months. Obtaining water with presented parameters is possible only in the case of water subjected to the influence of broadband electromagnetic noise with frequencies ranging from 100 Hz to 50 MHz generated during plasma discharge.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88607166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy Metal Accumulation in Vegetables Grown in Rock Soils of Kilembe Copper Mine, Kasese, Western Uganda","authors":"Jockus Masereka, D. Byamugisha, Christopher Adaku","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i1213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i1213","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Active mining in Kilembe copper mine, Kasese district, Uganda ended about four decades ago. However, various health problems are believed to be from the effect of mining activities that took place in the area. In this study therefore, we quantified the concentration of trace metals: chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) in cabbages and tomatoes grown in Kilembe mining area and assessed the health risks from consumption of the vegetables after 40 days and 120 days of growth. \u0000Study Design:  This study employed quantitative research design. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The experiments were done at Department of Chemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda from 2018 to 2019. \u0000Methodology: The vegetables were planted, and their roots, leaves, fruits and stems were sampled after 40 days and 120 days. Elemental analysis was performed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The estimated daily intake (EDI), target harzard quotient (THQ) and cancer risks were calculated to explore health risks that could arise from consumption of the vegetables. \u0000Results: The levels of Fe, Cu, Zn and Cr did not exceed WHO/FAO permissible limits. The EDI of Fe (294.678 × 10-4 mg/kg/day) was the highest while the lowest was 0.052 × 10-4 mg/kg/day for Cr. The THQ ranged from 0.000004 to 1.3134. Cancer risk values ranged from 0.126 × 10-4 to 28650 × 10-4. \u0000Conclusion: There are discernable non-carcinogenic health risks (THQ >1) and cancer risks associated with consumption of cabbages and tomatoes by the local inhabitants. The risks are escalated in children who consume both vegetables after 40 days of growth. Arsenic and Cd poses the highest carcinogenic health risk while Pb poses the highest non-carcinogenic health risk. Consumption of the vegetables after 120 days of growth poses lower health risks.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77809909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactives and Pharmacology of Acacia Nilotica: A Review","authors":"Mullaicharam Bhupathyraaj, N. Halligudi, Fatma Abdul Razak Al Sayigh, Marwa Hakkak","doi":"10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i1212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2022/v12i1212","url":null,"abstract":"This review article aims to provide details on the primary phytochemicals found in Acacia and its numerous pharmacological activities. For those working on the creation of new pharmaceutical products, this review is helpful.","PeriodicalId":8480,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81381100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}