Family planning today最新文献

{"title":"FPA targets parents in radio campaign.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84729,"journal":{"name":"Family planning today","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22015125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment.","authors":"A Furedi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84729,"journal":{"name":"Family planning today","volume":" ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22015129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information needs on emergency contraception not being met.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the 1980s, there was 2 prominent changes in family planning: more women went to general practitioners (GPs) for contraceptive advice and there was an upturn in the use of condoms due to safer sex campaigns in the mid-80s. In this study of 769 women requesting a pregnancy termination, the author's found that the greater use of condoms had appeared to increase the need for information about emergency contraception, but this was not being met. Patients advised by their GPs seemed to have a lower level of knowledge than those who obtained their contraception from clinics. The study, carried out at St. James's University Hospital in 1991-92, is compared with several studies in the 1970s and 80s which look at contraceptive usage by women with unwanted pregnancies. Differences were found between those receiving contraceptive advice from different sources (i.e. GPs, clinics, no medical source). Failure of the pill was more frequent in the GP-advised group, but failure of the diaphragm was more frequent in the clinic-advised group. Failure of non-use of condoms did not differ according to the source of advice. Knowledge of and use of emergency contraception was low. Only 14.5% of those using no contraception or recognizing a condom failure attempted to use a secondary or emergency method. Condoms should be used as well as rather than instead of other methods of contraception, and knowledge and availability of emergency contraception should be increased and promoted, recommend the authors. They concluded that problems arising from family planning provision by untrained and uncommitted doctors should be addressed urgently. (Bromham and Cartmill, British Journal of Family Planning, vol. 19, 1993, pp179-183). Commenting on the study findings, FPA Medical Information Office Jane Urwin said: \"This study has furthered our knowledge in this area. It also highlights the need for further study of risk-taking behavior in relation to contraceptive use's.</p>","PeriodicalId":84729,"journal":{"name":"Family planning today","volume":" ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22015174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interest in Norplant escalates as UK launch approaches.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84729,"journal":{"name":"Family planning today","volume":" ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22015173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex education changes for the worse, say sexual health organisations.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84729,"journal":{"name":"Family planning today","volume":" ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22015175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"November campaign to increase pill awareness.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84729,"journal":{"name":"Family planning today","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22015766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment.","authors":"D Cossey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84729,"journal":{"name":"Family planning today","volume":" ","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22015172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family planning needed for all women.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dr. Angele Petros-Barvazian, Director of the WHO's Family Health Division in Geneva, outlined a strategy for the survival of mothers during the FIGO congress, at a plenary session on Maternal Mortality and Safe Motherhood. Of the estimated 500,000 women who die each year from causes related to pregnancy and childbirth, 99% are from developing countries, she said. The main causes of maternal mortality are postpartum hemorrhage and unsafe abortions, which go untreated because of a lack of obstetric services. But the underlying reasons for poor reproductive health are rooted in social and economic factors which affect women from childhood on, she explained. Teenage pregnancy, which carries a higher risk of mortality for both mother and child, is far more common in developing countries than in the industrialized nations. The rate in Japan is just 2%, compared with 56% in Malawi. If the age of pregnancy and marriage were delayed through family planning, this would not only save lives, but would also allow girls more time for education. Since family size falls in line with the rise in mothers' standards of education, improved education would contribute to population goals and enable women to play a more productive role in society. We see no contradiction between reproduction and a productive social role. Other important factors affecting women's reproductive health are nutrition and maternal care, she told the meeting. The populations where women's nutritional requirements are not met during pregnancy and lactation, this is frequently reflected in a high proportion of low birth weight babies. Maternal care also has a major effect on maternal mortality. Dr. Petros-Barvazian quoted the example of a small US community in which healthy women refuse all maternity care on religious grounds, and which consequently has maternal mortality rates almost as high as among unhealthy women in developing countries. Summing up, she said that the WHO strategy for the survival of mothers requires social equity and improved education for all women. For women of reproductive age, what we need is improved reproductive health and in particular, family planning for all. For pregnant women, we need improved prenatal and maternity care for all, with facilities for obstetric care for high-risk cases. Socially, we need to ensure that social and cultural relations are supportive to women in their roles as mothers to children, and not just as pregnant women. If we improve the social status of women, we will improve mortality and fertility; and the reverse is also true.</p>","PeriodicalId":84729,"journal":{"name":"Family planning today","volume":"3 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22037829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast-feeding alters LH secretion pattern.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The contraceptive effects of breast feeding are probably due to the marked changes which suckling causes in the pattern of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, studies conducted in Scotland have shown. In mothers who fully breast feed their babies, these changes are sufficient to offer contraceptive protection of 98% for about 6 months postpartum. Breast feeding mothers should start to use another method of contraception 6 months after giving birth, or after they start supplementing breastfeeds with other food, or after the 1st menses, a plenary session on breast feeding, birth spacing, and child survival heard. The researchers from Scotland also presented striking new evidence of the protective effect of breast feeding on the heaLth of newborn babies. The studies were conducted in Edinburgh and Dundee over a period of more than 10 years and covered a range of different aspects of breast feeding and fertility. Dr. Anna Glasier, who presented findings on the hormonal changes which occur in breast feeding women, showed that suckling postpones the return of ovarian activity after childbirth. The results for 1 mother who bottle fed her baby showed that menstruation returned as early as 6 weeks postpartum, ovulation occurred at 10 weeks, and that by 14 weeks, a normal ovarian cycle had returned. In a group of 27 breast feeding mothers, the onset of ovarian activity was found to coincide with the introduction of solid food and a decline in suckling activity. In many cases, ovulation suppressed for several months after supplementation of breast feeding began and a normal ovarian cycle did not return until well after breast feeding had been stopped completely. Dr. Glasier said all the women studied showed marked disturbances of the pulsatile pattern of LH secretion, which gradually returned to normal as suckling declined. The disturbance is thought to be caused by the effect of suckling on the hypothalamic pulse generator, although the mechanism by which this occurs is not yet understood, she said. The Scottish researchers believe that it is this disturbance which is responsible for the contraceptive effect of breast feeding. Their findings appear to disprove the theory that ovarian suppression is due to the increased levels of prolactin which occur during breast feeding. Dr. Glasier explained that the administration of exogenous GnRH restored normal LH secretion patterns and ovarian activity in women who were fully breast feeding their babies, despite the presence of elevated prolactin concentrations. Her fellow-researcher Prof. Peter Howie presented the findings of a study of 750 Dundee mothers and their babies, aimed at examining the effects of breast feeding on the infants. Because most previous studies have been criticized as methodologically flawed, the Dundee investigation was carefully designed to meet important methodological criteria. Prof. Howie told the meeting that in the babies who were bottle fed or weaned before 13 we","PeriodicalId":84729,"journal":{"name":"Family planning today","volume":"3 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22037832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surprising success in Kenya's FP programme.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mrs. Margaret Gachara, Deputy Director of the Ministry's Family Health Division, explained that the strengths and weaknesses of the program have recently been examined using a new operations research approach, known as situation analysis. \"If family planning was not working in Kenya, we had to know why in order to decide what to do about it. We began the study to find out where our weaknesses lay. To our surprise, we found that we were not weak, but moderately successful,\" she said. The Kenya Situation Analysis Study, conducted by the Health Ministry and the Population Council, revealed that contraceptive prevalence increased by 2%/year between 1984-89, from 17% to 27%. \"That is quite acceptable by World Bank and WHO standards. Our total fertility rate has dropped from 7.9% to 6.7%, and in urban areas is down to 3.8%. We are now continuing with in-depth studies, but we expect to be able to say next year that our family planning program should have a moderately high rating, especially in terms of quality of care.\" Since the 1st results of the Analysis Study were published, family planning agencies in several other African, Asian and Latin American countries have requested similar studies. The Kenyan study showed that the Pill is the most popular method of contraception, used by about 80% of family planning acceptors. However, the use of injectable contraceptives has risen about 4-fold in recent years, from 0.5 to 1.8 million doses a year, Mrs. Gachara said. When the study was conducted, availability of injectable contraceptives was very poor and did not have strong logistical support. This has now been changed, and its use is going up very fast in rural areas. 1 of the reasons is that women who want to use contraception, but do not have support from their husbands, can have injection without their husbands knowing. Although the 3 monthly injectable initially had a very bad press and little Parliamentary support, research has shown that many of the fears were unfounded. Kenyan policy is to make the injectable available to women with 4 children and to those over 35. Guidelines have recently been changed, to require 1 live birth before injectables are offered, rather than 2. The government is also making efforts to promote the use of Noristerat, and a pilot program is currently underway to study implants. The situation analysis did reveal problems in a number of areas, and a list of recommendations has now been drawn up to improve the quality of care. The recommendations include improved supply of information on permanent contraceptive methods and on the side-effects of other contraceptives, a reduction in waiting times for family planning services and an increase in follow-up. \"The future looks good for family planning in Kenya, but we have to match our services to contraceptive health benefits and to focus more on maternal health in its totality,\" Mrs. Gachara said.</p>","PeriodicalId":84729,"journal":{"name":"Family planning today","volume":"3 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22037833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}