Antibiotics and Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Probiotics and Autoprobiotics in the Treatment of Experimental Vaginitis","authors":"E. Ermolenko, O. E. Punchenko, L. Voropaeva, A. V. Swarwal, M. Kotyleva, A. Suvorov","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-29-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-29-35","url":null,"abstract":"The wide prevalence of inflammatory vaginal diseases in women of different ages, a significant deterioration in the quality of life due to their presence, as well as an adverse effect on conception and the course of pregnancy make the search for more efficient and safe therapy of vaginitis an urgent issue. The article presents the results of experimental staphylococcal vaginitis treatment with probiotics and autoprobiotics in rat models, including hormonized animals after ovariectomy. The effectiveness of topical application of the probiotic strain E. faecium L3 in rats has been confirmed. The probiotic proved to be effective both in rats with a hormonized cycle and in rats with preserved ovaries. Among the tested autoprobiotic and homologous (rat) strains, the elimination of staphylococci occurred faster after the introduction of bifidobacterial. However, lactobacilli are more reliable in protection against the recurrence of infection. At the same time, homologous strains of both lactobacilli and bifidobacteria contribute to faster elimination of the pathogen compared to autostamps.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81654453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is There a Need to Widely Prescribe Antibiotics in Patients with COVID-19?","authors":"N. Karoli, A. Rebrov","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-64-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-64-78","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past two years, the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has dominated all aspects of health care around the world, often leaving other long-term public health problems in the background. Despite the fact that COVID-19 is a viral disease, the use of antibiotics in these patients was common practice, especially at the beginning of the pandemic. The use of antibiotics (ABs) in patients with the novel coronavirus infection (NCI) reaches over 70% cases. Suspected concomitant bacterial infection, lack of effective means of treating NCI, terminological problems associated with the definition of «pneumonia» may have been the motivating factor for such widespread use. The data of the conducted studies indicate that there is currently insufficient evidence for the widespread empirical use of antibiotics in the majority of hospitalized patients, as the total proportion of bacterial infections in COVID-19 is quite low. Thus, according to most researchers, combined bacterial infection is rare and is less than 10%. Unjustified prescription of ABs to patients with COVID-19 can lead to complications that could otherwise have been avoided, including increased bacterial resistance, Clostridioides difficile infection, kidney failure, and much more. The article provides information on the frequency of AB therapy at various stages of medical care. The analysis of data on the nature of antibiotics prescribed to inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19 in different countries was carried out. Recommendations from different countries on AB therapy in patients with COVID-19 are presented. Conclusion. The data reviewed confirm the discrepancy between the unjustified and excessive prescribing of antibiotics to patients with COVID-19 and the small number of evidence of associated bacterial infections.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87671675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Issue of Post-COVID Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: Approaches to Terminology, Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment","authors":"E. N. Serebryakova, L. I. Zhmaeva","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-51-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-51-55","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the issues of terminology, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of post-covid syndrome (PCS). It has been shown that the incidence of PCS in people who had COVID-19 is 10–35%; there are no generally accepted approaches to defining the term PCS. Clinical manifestations of PCS include more than 50 symptoms that occur in both children and adults, regardless of their place of residence. The damage caused by metabolites of the systemic inflammatory response of the central nervous system with the formation of a syndrome of autonomic dysfunction,  cognitive  impairment,  and affective disorders is of critical importance  in the genesis of PCS.  Antipsychotics, antidepressants, and benzodiazepine drugs are used in the correction of PCS. However, they have limitations, in particular — when used in children with comorbid disorders. The use of aminoacetic acid (glycine), which has a wide range of safety,anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, and nootropic effects in the correction of PCS, can become an effective therapeutic strategy.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84272021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ototoxicity of Aminoglycosides the Modern Concepts","authors":"E. V. Shubnikova, N. Y. Velts","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-79-90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-11-12-79-90","url":null,"abstract":"Aminoglycosides are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents used  in the treatment of urinary  tract infections, tuberculosis, visceral leishmaniasis, sepsis in newborns, as well as cystic fibrosis. However, the use of aminoglycosides is limited due to their ototoxicity — the risk of developing serious adverse  reactions, in particular, persistent irreversible hearing loss and vestibular disorders associated with the death of hair cells in the inner ear. The review analyzes scientific data on the possible mechanisms of aminoglycosides’ damaging effect  on the hair cells  of the inner  ear. Genetically determined causes contributing to the manifestation of ototoxic properties of drugs of this group are described. The necessity of genetic screening for the carriage  of mutations m.1555A>G  and m.1494C>T in the MT-RNR1 gene  of mitochondrial DNA is substantiated in order to minimize the risk of hearing disorders in patients with hereditary predisposition. Understanding the mechanisms of ototoxicity of aminoglycosides will make it possible to find ways to prevent and correct hearing loss after their use.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89503274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Therapy and COVID-19 — the 'Great Confrontation'","authors":"A. Zaytsev, A. Makarevich","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-9-10-63-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-9-10-63-68","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of antimicrobial therapy (AMT) for the new coronavirus infection has been the cornerstone of practical healthcare since its emergence to the present day. The article summarizes a number of problems concerning the unjustified prescription of AMT based on the data of foreign and domestic studies, as well as actual clinical practice. On the one hand, viral damage to the lung tissue during COVID-19 is difficult to distinguish from community-acquired or secondary bacterial pneumonia; it prompts clinicians to prevent possible bacterial complications in the lungs by prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics starting from the first day. On the other hand, the presence of clear clinical and biological markers of bacterial pneumonia; and COVID-19 makes it possible not to use antibiotics in routine practice, at least in the early stages of treatment. The introduction of procalcitonin as a biomarker of bacterial infection in COVID-19 into everyday clinical practice has a reasonable, methodical, and scientific approach to prescribing antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75887451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Rheumatic Diseases: Prevention Issues","authors":"G. Gridneva, B. Belov, E. Aronova","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-9-10-79-89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-9-10-79-89","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in patients with rheumatic diseases (RD) continues to increase. This is facilitated by the increasing use of genetically engineered biological agents in addition to the use of cytostatics and glucocorticoids. Mortality due to PCP among patients with RD is extremely high, so the issues of its prevention are relevant. European and American scientists focus on the frequency of detection of PCP and the determination of the proportionality of certain risk factors, while the recommendations for prevention are formulated cautiously. Asian medical communities are unanimous in their opinion about the need to prevent PCP, only the dosage of drugs and the duration of the course of treatment are discussed.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76656856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current State of the Streptococcus pneumoniae Capsular Typing Problem","authors":"Y. Zakharova, V. Akimkin, E. V. Nikitina, I. A. Ivashchenko, E. Bolgarova, E. V. Aleksandrova, S. M. Skripkovskaya","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-9-10-69-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-9-10-69-78","url":null,"abstract":"Diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae are a serious medical and social problem for healthcare systems of all leading countries around the globe. In this regard, the relevance of their laboratory diagnostics increases, as the effectiveness of therapeutic, preventive, and anti-epidemic measures depends on it. Currently, there is no universal method of intraspecific identification of S.pneumoniae, which simultaneously possess high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. For this purpose, new alternative strategies aimed at improving the quality of research are being developed. The review presents data from domestic and foreign publications (electronic search databases eLibrary.Ru, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Springerlink) on serotyping and genotyping of S.pneumoniae; the advantages and disadvantages of the methods are analyzed. Epidemiologically significant serotypes and widespread clonal complexes of S.pneumoniae circulating on the territory of the Russian Federation have been identified. The necessity of improving new methods of intraspecific typing of the pathogen is recognized.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86082094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Antiviral Activity and Pharmacological Safety of Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid for Intranasal Administration","authors":"S. G. Gamaley, G. G. Shimina, E. S. Tsyplenkova, O. V. Simakova, M. Skarnovich, M. A. Skarnovich, L. Shishkina, O. Taranov, O. S. Ivanova, G. M. Levagina, E. Danilenko","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-9-10-42-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-9-10-42-48","url":null,"abstract":"Interferon inducers are of interest as the first line of defense against viral infections, including influenza. Double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) for intranasal administration has been developed, the excipients and drug components were selected at the Institute of Medical Biotechnology, a branch of the State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector». This work presents the results of the study on antiviral activity and pharmacological safety of a new form of dsRNA. The antiviral activity of the preparation was studied in BALB/c mice infected with influenza A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) or Bishkek/01/2009 (H1N1pdm09) viruses. A safety study was performed with a single administration of intranasal dsRNA into white outbred ICR mice. The study showed that the administration of therapeutic and prophylactic regimen of intranasal dsRNA at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg increases the survival and average life expectancy of mice infected with the mentioned strains of influenza virus. The protective effect of the preparation in mice infected with a lethal dose of Bishkek/01/2009 virus was comparable to the effect of Tamiflu. The absence of toxic effects of intranasal dsRNA at a pharmacological dose in laboratory mice, the functional state of their physiological systems, as well as main types of metabolism, established in the experiments, lead to a conclusion concerning pharmacological safety of the preparation and the prospects for further work to complete pharmaceutical development of a new antiviral drug.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82122992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Transitional Dynamics Towards the Non-Culturable State of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Cells","authors":"Yu. D. Pakhomov, L. Blinkova, A. M. Abdullaeva, R. K. Valitova","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-9-10-11-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-9-10-11-17","url":null,"abstract":"Background. It is known that bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics in response to their presence and tend to maintain it for a long time. In addition, microbes can remain viable by passing into an uncultivated state that is not detected by microbiological methods. This state of the population is characterized by cell resistance to various stresses, including the effects of antibiotics.Aim. To study the parameters of transition into an uncultivated state in E.coli M-17 cells resistant to an antibiotic.Material and methods. Resistant E.coli M-17 cells were obtained by culturing the initial population in media with increasing concentrations of ampicillin (up to 50 µg/mL). Seed cultures were prepared from sensitive and resistant substrains, from which the cells were transferred to a hyperosmotic, «starvation» medium — artificial sea water. The resulting populations were incubated for a long time, samples were periodically taken to conduct the assessment of viability parameters.Results. The experiments on long-term incubation of sensitive and resistant populations of E.coli M-17 showed that ampicillin-resistant substrain of the studied culture transitioned into an uncultivated state significantly faster and quantitatively higher than its sensitive variant. The presence of the antibiotic in the inoculum increased the time for the transition of resistant R2 bacteria to a viable uncultivated state to a level of >90% compared to R1. The R1 population at the beginning of the stress exposure massively (up to 77.7%) transitioned into viable but non-culturable cells (VBNCs) in the medium without an antibiotic in a similar seed culture. Periods of cell death were noted during the observation, with those cells becoming a substrate for the living part of the population and could lead to secondary growth of bacteria or partial restoration of dormant cells.Conclusion. Cells resistant to the antibiotic quickly transitioned into the non-culturable state compared to sensitive cells of the studied strain. The addition of an antibiotic to the medium for obtaining a seed culture slowed down the transition of cells to an uncultivated state.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73754267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral Activity of The Preparation Meflokhin® Against COVID-19","authors":"S. Loginova, V. N. Shhukina, S. Savenko, S. Borisevich, K. Filin, I. Berzin, V. Gladkikh","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-9-10-49-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-9-10-49-54","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 virus has caused a global emergency and has attracted the attention of healthcare professionals and the public around the world. The significant increase in the number of new cases of infection with this virus demonstrates the relevance of the search for drugs that are effective against this pathogen. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antiviral efficacy of Mefloquin® against COVID-19. The antiviral efficacy of Mefloquin® against the new pandemic virus SARS-CoV-2 was studied in in vitro experiments in Vero C1008 cell culture and in vivo on Syrian golden hamsters. The results of the study revealed that the drug Mefloquine® at a concentration of 2.0 µg ml-1, when applied after infection of cells, suppresses the reproduction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by 1.7–1.9 lg, the inhibition rate is about 99%. When using Mefloquine, pathological changes in the lung tissue were less pronounced than in the control group. 6 days after infection, it was shown that when using Mefloquine, there was a statistically significant decrease in viral load in the lungs of infected Syrian golden hamsters, with an inhibition rate of 95.5%.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89142012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}