Antibiotics and Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"The Use of Antibacterial Drugs and Awareness About the Antibiotic Resistance Problem Among the Students of a Medical University","authors":"M. M. Fedotova, V. N. Malchuk, V. Churilin, A. A. Zapevalova, D. O. Yakovleva, D. Olenius, A. Kamenshchikova, S. Fedosenko, O. Fedorova","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-45-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-45-52","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The growth  of antibiotic resistance is an urgent  problem of modern medicine associated with the irrational use of antibacterial drugs. The solution to this problem requires a comprehensive analysis of the situation not only from the patients’ standpoint, but also from that of medical specialists. Aim. To establish the level of awareness about the problem of antibiotic resistance and to study the practice of antibacterial drug use among senior students of a medical university. Material and methods. A one-time sociological study was conducted in the format of an online survey of the 5th–6th year students of the medical and pediatric faculties of the Siberian State Medical  University of the Ministry of Health  of the Russian Federation. Results. An invitation to the survey was sent to 406 5th–6th year students of the pediatric and medical faculties; 334 students voluntarily completed the questionnaire (return  rate — 82.3%). Most students are aware of the problem of antibiotic resistance. 58.8% of the students took drugs as prescribed by a doctor, adhering to the prescribed duration of treatment. The most  commonly used  antibiotics were: amoxicillin/clavulanic acid — 57.6%, amoxicillin — 29%, azithromycin — 19.4%, ciprofloxacin — 13.4%, 3rd  generation cephalosporins — 8.1%. It was found  that 45.4% of students used  antibiotics parenterally, of which  half (50.4%) performed injections at home or in the dormitory. Up to 89.2% of respondents consider it necessary to use medications to restore the intestinal microflora against the back-ground of antibiotic therapy. Conclusions. Despite the high awareness of the problem of antibiotic resistance and adherence to medical recommendations regarding the use of antibiotics, it is necessary to increase the competence in the field of rational antibiotic therapy for both students and practitioners.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80193378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods and Approaches for Antibiotics Deteсtion","authors":"A. Alsowaidi, O. Karavaeva, O. Guliy","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-53-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-53-61","url":null,"abstract":"Antibacterial drugs are some of the most important medications used in health and veterinary medicine. The widespread use of antibiotics has led to significant pollution of the environment and water resources, in particular . In this regard, the problem of controlling antibiotic content in dosage forms, as well as their detection in liquids, food products, waste waters of pharmaceutical enterprises, and the other objects, is urgent. Microbiological, spectrophotometric, fluorimetric, chemiluminescent, chromatographic, as well as biodetection methods are used to identify antibiotics. The article provides a brief overview of methods and approaches for the detection of antibiotics. Progress in the development of biosensor systems for the analysis of antibiotics has been shown.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91547803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Therapy for Neurological Complications of the Novel Coronavirus Infection COVID-19","authors":"Ju. L. Lukyanova, S. Lukyanov, K. Shapovalov","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-32-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-32-38","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is a global contemporary issue. Acute hypoxic respiratory failure and associated multiple organ dysfunction are the basics of the new disease pathogenesis. An important characteristic of COVID-19 is the damage to the central  nervous system, which  determines the peculiarities of the clinical course. In the case of vascular  complications (ischemic stroke, encephalopathy, delirium) the prognosis of the disease is more severe. The article presents the experience of a large Russian monohospital in observation and treatment of patients with COVID-19 and neurological complications. It also shows the prospect of neuroprotective therapy in this category of patients.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75943272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phagocyte Activity in Response to Exposure to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains","authors":"O. Kolenchukova, V. D. Belenuk","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-4-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-4-8","url":null,"abstract":"The research focuses on the study of phagocyte activity of blood neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils under the exposure to methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The subjects of the research were represented by blood neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils, isolated from healthy people, as well as methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S.aureus bacteria strains  (MRSA and MSSA). Phagocytosis functions (phagocytic number and phagocytic index)  were estimated by FITC-labeled bacteria. The analysis of stained cells was performed using  FC-500 flow cytofluorimeter (Beckman Coulter,  USA) for whole  peripheral blood. Phagocytosis research  resulted in the following findings. In response to MRSA, the percentage of neutrophils involved in phagocytosis and average  number of bacteria being  present inside the cells  increase as compared to those within  sensitive strains. In response to MRSA exposure, the phagocytic index  is higher  in monocytes with CD14+CD16¯phenotype. At the same time, phagocytic number is higher in non-classic populations of monocytes CD14+CD16+and CD14lowCD16+. Moreover, it should be noted that the classical type of monocytes CD14+CD16¯tends to be activated faster in regard to MRSA, but phagocytosis efficiency is lowered. Blood eosinophils also actively respond to MRSA. Thus, changes in functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils in peripheral blood were established during MRSA induction. The bacterial receptor apparatus changes due to the modification of cellular wall as a result of acquired resistance to antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84835562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Practice of Antibiotic Therapy of Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults in Russian Multidisciplinary Hospitals","authors":"S. Rachina, I. Zakharenkov, N. Dekhnich, R. Kozlov, A. Sinopalnikov, M. Archipenko, S. Gordeeva, M. Lebedeva, U. Portnyagina, N. Dyatlov","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-16-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-16-23","url":null,"abstract":"Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common cause of hospitalization and mortality worldwide. A timely start and an adequate choice of the initial  antibiotic therapy (ABT) regimen are the key strategy  for optimizing the prognosis in severe  CAP.The aim was to study the practice of using systemic antimicrobial drugs (AMDs) in adults with severe CAP in multidisciplinary hospitals of the Russian Federation, as well as to assess compliance of initial  ABT with current  clinical guidelines.Methods. A prospective cohort study included adult patients with severe  CAP hospitalized in multidisciplinary hospitals in 6 Russian cities  during  the period  of 2014–2018. The adequacy criteria  of the initial  ABT for severe  CAP were: the prescription of combination ABT, the compliance of the selected initial ABT regimen with Russian clinical guidelines, and the intravenous route  of AMDs administration during  the initial  therapy. In addition, the frequency of using  switch  therapy and antimicrobial de-escalation was assessed.Results. A total of 109 patients (60.6% men; mean age 50.8±18.0 years) were included in the study. Hospital mortality was 22.9%. In all cases, AMDs were prescribed within  24 hours  after admission, antiviral drugs were used in 2.8% of patients. Levofloxacin, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, amoxicillin/clavulanate were the most commonly used AMDs (prescribed in 14.4%, 12.5%, 11.9% and 10.7% of cases, respectively). Initial  combination ABT was prescribed in 50.5% of patients; in 80.2% of the cases, the medications were administered intravenously. The duration of treatment was 13.9±11.2 days. Initial ABT regimens complied with Russian Clinical  Guidelines in 37.6% of cases. Switch therapy and antimicrobial de-escalation was used in 11.9% and 3.6% of cases, respectively.Conclusion. Low adherence to Russian Clinical Recommendations regarding the regimens of initial ABT, as well as rare use of switch  therapy and antimicrobial de-escalation were revealed.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"05 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85944124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Therapy of Patients With COVID-19 During The Outpatient and Hospital Stages","authors":"N. Karoli, A. V. Aparkina, E. Grigoryeva, N. A. Magdeeva, N. Nikitina, N. Smirnova, A. Rebrov","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-24-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-24-31","url":null,"abstract":"Although antibiotics (AB) are ineffective for the treatment of COVID-19, they are often prescribed to patients with the novel coronavirus infection (NCV) for a variety of reasons. They include the difficulty of excluding bacterial co-infection at the first contact with the patient, as well as the possibility of developing a secondary bacterial infection. The aim  of the work is to assess the frequency and background of prescribing antibiotics to hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of 160 hospital records of patients with confirmed COVID-19, who were treated in various Infectious Diseases Departments during the period from September to October 2020, was carried out. The selection was done by the method of random sampling. The analysis did not include the records of patients admitted to the ICU for NCV. Results. Information about the appointment of antibacterial drugs before hospitalization was found in 109 patients, of which only 51 patients did not receive AB on an outpatient basis. The remaining 58 (53.2%) patients began taking ABs on their own or based on the recommendation of an outpatient doctor, including 31 patients who took two or more drugs (successively or simultaneously). The most commonly used antibiotics were: macrolides (37 patients), cephalosporins (24 patients), respiratory fluoroquinolones (12 patients), and aminopenicillins (5 patients). On admission, AB was prescribed for almost all patients, except for one. The most frequently prescribed antibiotics were: macrolides (61%), mainly azithromycin, and respiratory fluoroquinolones (54.1%), mainly levofloxacin. In most cases, these drugs were combined with 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporins. Most patients received more than one AB: two drugs were prescribed to 86 (54.1%) patients, three — to 34 (21.4%) patients. AB therapy was carried out for a long time: the maximum number of days for macrolide administration (excluding previous AB therapy at the outpatient stage) was 16 days, respiratory fluoroquinolones — 22 days,3rd generation cephalosporins — 19 days,4th generation cephalosporins — 17 days, carbapenems — 34 days. In almost 100% of cases, ABs were prescribed on the first day of admission of patients, and their therapy continued until the patient was discharged from the hospital. Conclusion. The appointment of antibiotics at the hospital stage was established for the vast majority of patients in the absence of clear indications for their appointment. Such a frequent prescription of antibiotics is accompanied by a number of problems: immediate – side effects of such therapy (for example, antibiotic-associated diarrhea), long-term — an increase in antibiotic resistance of microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74723014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Activity of Carbapenem Antibiotics Against Gram-Negative Carbapenemase Producers of Different Groups","authors":"V. Ageevets, O. Sulian, A. Avdeeva, P. Chulkova, V. Gostev, I. Ageevets, M. Golikova, K. Alieva, D. Gladin, S. Sidorenko","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-9-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2022-67-1-2-9-15","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid spread of gram-negative bacteria resistance to carbapenems due to the production of carbapenemases requires new treatment options. The activity of carbapenem antibiotic biapenem, recently registered in Russia, against producers of various carbapenemases was studied in comparison with other antibiotics of this group. Among NDM-type carbapenemase producers, 77.8% demonstrated clinical susceptibility to biapenem; 50.3% and 21.1% of isolates were susceptible to meropenem and imipenem, respectively. Among the producers of OXA-48-type carbapenemases, 82,6%, 60,9%, and 65,2% of isolates demonstrated susceptibility to biapenem, imipenem, and meropenem, respectively.Producers of KPC-type carbapenemases were 100% resistant to all carbapenems. The introduction of biapenem will significantly expand the possibilities of treating severe infections caused by carbapenemase producers.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78494941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetic analysis of meropenem therapeutic drug monitoring data (TDM) in critically ill adult patients","authors":"I. Bondareva, S. Zyryanov, M. Chenkurov","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-11-12-31-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-11-12-31-38","url":null,"abstract":"Meropenem is a carbapenem antibiotic widely used in treatment of severe infections in ICU. Critically ill patients’ pathophysiological features may cause changes in the pharmacokinetics of meropenem, such as augmented/impaired renal clearance, as well as an increase in the volume of distribution of the drug. Considerable variability in meropenem concentration for the same dosage regimen, severity of the diseases and the escalating antibiotic resistance support the need for an individualization of the dosing in critically ill patients. Estimation of meropenem pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters was performed using the NPAG (non-parametric adaptive grid) program from the Pmetrics package based on peak-trough TDM data. A one-compartment linear PK model with zero-order input and first-order elimination was used to analyze data of the 36 critically ill patients (66 measured meropenem concentrations totally) and to predict pharmacodynamic (PD) parameter values (%T>MIC) based on the time course of free meropenem concentration for empirically prescribed dosage regimens by MIC level. The estimated PK parameters of the meropenem model were in good agreement with those published in the literature earlier. A great interindividual variability for PK parameters from 44.5% up to 167% was revealed. Different regression lines between meropenem clearance and clearance creatinine (CLCr) were registered in patients with CLCr [1] 7 L/h versus > 7 L/h: statistically significant regression (n=30, p=0.015) versus no correlation (n=6, р=0.85), respectively. Bayesian feedback TDM-based meropenem dose personalization is the most practical approach to ensure adequate drug exposure in critically ill patients, especially in patients with augmented renal clearance.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84373213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of neurocognitive indicators against the background of neuroprotective therapy of vertebrobasilar insufficiency with cerebral venous discirculation symptoms","authors":"O. V. Kim, Y. Madjidova, F. R. Sharipov","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-11-12-39-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-11-12-39-43","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to assess the effect of Cytoflavin on the severity of neurocognitive parameters in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia, as well as vertebrobasilar insufficiency with symptoms of cerebral venous circulation. The study involved 60 patients who were divided into two groups. Cytoflavin was prescribed in the treatment group: once per day in the morning, slow intravenous drip of 10.0 ml per 200 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, the duration of the infusion averaged 40–60 minutes for a course of 10 days with the transition to a tablet form — 2 tablets twice per day for 30 days against the background of standard basic therapy (acetylsalicylic acid and antihypertensive drugs). Patients in the comparison group received only basic therapy. The rating scales for headache (visual analogue scale) and asthenia (asthenic state scale) were used to assess the neurological status in addition to the standard clinical and labo ratory examination. It was revealed that the main clinical and neurological manifestations in patients with symptoms of cerebral venous discirculation are headaches (48 (80%) patients) and dizziness (53 (88.3%) patients). The incidence of dizziness increased with the progression of chronic cerebral ischemia, for example, at stage I dizziness occurred in 57% of cases, at stage II — in 78%, and at stage III — in 100%. When conducting a study of the headache severity dynamics on the VAS scale, a decrease in the intensity of headaches by 1.7 times (5.68±0.62 to 3.23±0.56 points, p[1]0.5) was noted in patients who received Cytoflavin, while only a slight decrease in the intensity of pain was noted in patients of the comparison group. In addition, the inclusion of the drug in the therapy regimens for patients with this pathology showed a significant decrease in the frequency of complaints, including specific «venous» complaints, the severity of cephalgic syndrome, as well as asthenic and autonomic disorders, which had a positive effect on the patients’ quality of life. The results obtained make it possible to recommend the inclusion of the drug in the therapy regimens for patients with symptoms of cerebral venous dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91140088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotype composition of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with respiratory infections, optimization of molecular assessment methods","authors":"E. V. Nikitina, I. Tsvetkova, O. Kalinogorskaya, V. Gostev, S. Belanov, A. Mokhov, E. Kalisnikova, V. Ageevets, D. Gladin, S. Sidorenko","doi":"10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-11-12-18-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37489/0235-2990-2021-66-11-12-18-24","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents optimized methods for PCR and sequence typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The serotype composition of pneumococci isolated from children under 5 years of age with infections of the upper respiratory tract was analyzed using optimized methods. Between 2016 and 2021, there was a decrease in the frequency of serotypes included in the pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) from 94.1 to 25.8%, mainly due to the 6ABCD serogroup and the 19F serotype. The coverage of serotypes circulating in children with PCV15 and PCV20 vaccines was 28.1% and 41.6% in 2021, respectively. During the study period, the number of non-vaccine serogroups 11AD and 15AF, as well as serotypes that are not detected under this capsular PCR typing protocol, increased most significantly.","PeriodicalId":8471,"journal":{"name":"Antibiotics and Chemotherapy","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75797991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}