Ethiopian journal of development research最新文献

{"title":"Rural Youth Transitions to Farming in Ethiopia: Processes and Challenges","authors":"G. Tadele, Asrat Ayalew","doi":"10.4314/EJDR.V40I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJDR.V40I1","url":null,"abstract":"There exists a significant body of literature documenting the unfavourableattitudes many young people hold towards a future in agriculture. Inaddition to their unfavourable attitudes to farming, rural youth encounter anumber of insurmountable challenges on the road to becoming a farmereven when they are willing to be one. Drawing from two differentqualitative studies of rural youth in three farming communities in Ethiopia,this paper explores the processes through which rural youth transit tofarmerhood and the challenges and opportunities they come across in theprocess. We argue that being educated not only reduces the desirability of a future in farming for rural youth but also considerably complicates late entry into farming. Gender is also an important factor in that the choice ofbecoming a farmer is not the same for young women and men. Not onlythat, women and men take different routes to becoming farmers and live out different lives as farmers. We conclude that education and the predominance of the urban, non-agrarian way of life in the imagined futures of rural youth, as well as the many obstacles most rural youth face on the way to becoming a farmer, are making the transition into adulthood and farming a lengthy and complicated process. However, at the same time, young people are not in a passive state of waithood as is often argued in much of the existing literature. Instead, they try to make the best of a bad situation by entering into farming in circumstances they perceive as far from ideal while still maintaining their hopes of achieving their long-term aspirations.Keywords: rural youth, farming, agriculture, youth transitions, gender,Ethiopia","PeriodicalId":84691,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian journal of development research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76920789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking export potential and the influence of country specific characteristics: evidence from Ethiopia","authors":"Matias Assefa","doi":"10.31920/1750-4562/2017/V12N1A3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31920/1750-4562/2017/V12N1A3","url":null,"abstract":"Export growth is integral to Ethiopia's development agenda. But, notwithstanding various trade policy reforms, exports have not lived up to expectations. This paper examines the gap between Ethiopia's actual and potential exports and the extent to which country-specific social, political and institutional factors have impacted the export gap. A stochastic frontier analysis of gravity model of trade is applied to panel data that covered Ethiopia's 45 trading partners during 2001- 2012. Empirical results revealed that Ethiopian exports are very distant from their frontier levels with significant influence of country-specific socio-political-institutional constraints. Thus, the paper stresses the need for Ethiopia to look beyond trade policy if it is to realise its full export potential. Keywords: Ethiopia, exports, efficiency, socio-political-institutional factors","PeriodicalId":84691,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian journal of development research","volume":"103 1","pages":"28-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77845679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental milestones of children and learning through play in Ethiopian early childhood care and education centers","authors":"Sewalem Tsega","doi":"10.4314/EJDR.V39I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJDR.V39I2","url":null,"abstract":"It is a widely accepted fact that a good quality preschool has the potential to break inter-generational poverty cycles. In relation to this, the Dakar Frame work of Action indicates that working in preschool education has to be the major concern of all nations of the world. One aspect of increased quality for preschool is applying Learning Through Play (LTP), a concept used, in education and psychology, to describe how children can learn to make sense of the world around them. Through play, children can develop social and cognitive skills, mature emotionally, and gain the self-confidence required to engage in new experiences and environment which can help them create images in their mind that can do with their feelings, thoughts and ideas. The main objective of this work was to examine the experiences of LTP and if children achieved their developmental milestones. To this end, a mixed methods research approach was used and both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from 105 preschool facilitators and 29 curriculum/education experts in 46 selected preschool centers in the country. Although the scarcity of indoor and outdoor playing materials stood as the critical problem in most government-owned preschool centers, most of the facilitators and curriculum experts were aware of the importance of LTP and those, who were familiar with the curriculum, asserted that it ensured LTP. Inconsistencies were observed in the use of play for learning, despite the fact that most of the respondents were aware of its relevance. The study also revealed that most children accomplished more than 80% of the developmental milestones set for their physical and emotional developments. However, they failed to achieve important cognitive, language and social developmental milestones. As indoor plays are the least understood and traditional or locally-made play materials are less used, capacity building trainings on how to implement LTP and prepare and use traditional play materials from the locally available resources is recommended. Best experiences in this regard should be shared and replicated.Keywords: LTP, developmental milestones, early childhood care and education","PeriodicalId":84691,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian journal of development research","volume":"74 1","pages":"87-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74151423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of rural women's employment on their empowerment at household level: the case of Sebeta Hawas Woreda, central Oremia, Ethiopia.","authors":"Aynalem Megersa","doi":"10.4314/EJDR.V39I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJDR.V39I1","url":null,"abstract":"Women’s participation in economic activities is considered as a vital factor for ensuring sustainable development. Accordingly, the Ethiopian government has enacted different policy measures which give due emphasis to enhancing women’s employment opportunities in its effort to alleviate poverty. Such policy measures are also believed to redress gender inequality within households and the society at large. This paper attempts to analyse the impacts of wage employment and self-employment on wives’ household decision-making power in their marital life based on the data generated from a rural community in Central Oromia, Ethiopia. The study employed mixed research methods. A survey was conducted to collect quantitative information from 555 currently married women residing in five sample kebeles in the study area. Propensity score matching method was used to estimate the effect of women’s wage employment and self-employment on their decision-making power. The quantitative results were substantiated using the qualitative data collected using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews, which were analysed using constant thematic analysis. As argued in the theory of resources in cultural context, the results reveal that, irrespective of employment category, employment fails to positively affect the wives’ household decision-making power. The paper, in general, argues that it is crucial to give due attention to the role of a web of power structures (socio-cultural, economic, and political) in order to effectively ensure women’s empowerment and address gender inequality in the country.Keywords: rural women’s employment, empowerment, household, decision-making power, Sebeta Hawas, Central Oromia, Ethiopia","PeriodicalId":84691,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian journal of development research","volume":"23 1","pages":"63-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74291088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, trends and management of rangeland enclosures among the Hamer in southwest Ethiopia: Prospects and challenges","authors":"S. Tefera","doi":"10.4314/EJDR.V38I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJDR.V38I2","url":null,"abstract":"Predominantly being pastoralists, the Hamer for centuries utilized rangeland resources rotationally. But the frequency of droughts, induced by decades of irregular and scarce rainfall, and growing human and livestock population required more grazing land. This gradually led to the  development and management of land for grazing, crop production, and income generation purposes at the individual, dyadic, and communal levels in the form of land enclosures. This paper puts enclosures at the centre of its discussion and analyses the trends and contribution of land enclosures to local livelihoods from environmental conservation and social protection points of view. Based on data from ethnographic fieldwork, the paper discusses the process involved in the development and management of enclosures. Land fragmentation, loss of biodiversity and land conflicts appeared inevitable taking into account the growing human and livestock population, urbanization and policy pressure to settle the Hamer. However, it still is early to judge enclosures to have caused significant land fragmentation and destroyed the interconnectedness of socio ecological systems in the district. Keywords : Commons, Enclosures; Land; Livelihood; Hamer","PeriodicalId":84691,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian journal of development research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72810613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-economic and environmental effects of tourism in Konso Terrace and cultural landscape, Ethiopia: perception of local communities","authors":"Abdibeshir Said, E. Assefa","doi":"10.4314/EJDR.V37I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJDR.V37I2","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism is a huge industry, which is a Source of immense benefits to the host communities and damages to their socio-cultural and environmental aspects. The local communities ' perception of these impacts is also a vital subject that determines their involvement in the development of the sector. This study was conducted to assess the perception of Konso-Karat communities, in Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia, about the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of tourism in Konso Terrace and Cultural Landscape, which is one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Ethiopia. The data for the research were collected using questionnaires, interview, observation and consultation of documents and literatures. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics like frequencies and percentages of each response, a t-test and ANOVA. The study revealed that much of the benefit accruing from tourism goes to a few individuals, mainly those who have direct contact with tourists. However, the majority of the community is very pleased with some impacts of tourism, like taking pride in their culture, strengthening cultural heritage preservation, publicising the local Konso culture to the rest of the world, and building the positive images of Konso as a magnificent tourist attraction. On the other hand, the study showed that the sign of infuriation against the impacts of tourism in broadening rural to urban migration, criminal acts, materialising some of their cultural values and aggravating school dropouts. The result also indicated a growth in their resentment on the role of tourism in exacerbating the cost of living, expenditure of locals, and congestion and crowding of settlement. The benefit from the tourism, more than any other factors, has shaped the perception of local community members. Hence, in the endeavour to attain sustainable tourism development with socioeconomic sustainability in Konso, every stakeholder should take the necessary steps to reduce the hazards and maximize the remunerations. Keywords: tourism, terrace and cultural landscape, UNESCO world heritage, perception, Konso","PeriodicalId":84691,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian journal of development research","volume":"8 1","pages":"139-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83501779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The contribution of urban agriculture to food security of individual urban farmers in Yeka Sub City, Addis Ababa","authors":"Firehiwot Mezgabu, D. Tolossa","doi":"10.4314/EJDR.V37I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJDR.V37I1","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to assess the contribution of urban agriculture to food security of households in lVoredas [Districts} 1, 2 and 3 of Jeka SubCity, Addis Ababa. The research covered the entire population (86) as the size was manageable. The primary data were collected mainly through household survey focus group discussion (FGD), and key informant interview. Descriptive statistics .frequency and the Pearson correlation co4ficient were used for the analysis of quantitative data. Data .from key informants and focus group discussion were transcribed, thematically classified, analysed and interoperated . The research followed purposive sampling technique in order to select the study area. As it contains the largest number of individual formers practising urban agriculture compared to the other Sub-Cities. World Food Programme Food Consumption Score Analytical Tool was employed to measure the food security status of a given household Findings showed that 7 4. 4% if the households studied were food-secure while 24.4% and 1.2% of the households were mildly and severely food insecure, respectively. It was also revealed that there is sign!ficant relationship between food security status and income. Urban agriculture contributes to one-third of the total income if the household On top of urban agricultur~ urban formers in Jeka Sub-City of Addis Ababa earn their income .from informal livelihood activities. Urban agriculture proved to play a sign!ficant role in improving the households 'food security and income. It has provided employment, cheap food and nutrition. Lack if farmland and water were the main challenges of urban formers. Institutional support makes a dilforence in improving urban formers productivity and thereby their food security status. Agricultural inputs like land and water are serious challenges of the urban formers. Hence_ in consultation with urban formers, relevant government offices and non-governmental organisations that are active in the area have to work in better integration and attempt to address the challenge if urban formers. Unused and wasted plots of land should be identified and be provided to the urban formers. Training has to be given based on needs. These minimise waste if resources and help utilise the scarce resources for the improvement of the sector and to the benifit if the urban formers. Keywords: Urban agriculture, food security, individual urban farmers, Yeka Sub-City, Addis Ababa","PeriodicalId":84691,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian journal of development research","volume":"27 1","pages":"177-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73348477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Irrigation on Poverty and the Environment in Ethiopia: An introduction to this Special Issue","authors":"D. Bossio","doi":"10.4314/EJDR.V32I1.68595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJDR.V32I1.68595","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":84691,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian journal of development research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83741396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of irrigation performance along the canal reach of community managed scheme in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"B. Bantero, M. Ayana, S. Awulachew","doi":"10.4314/EJDR.V32I1.68599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJDR.V32I1.68599","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of irrigation performance assessment made along the canal reaches of community-managed Hare irrigation scheme in Southern Ethiopia. Field measurement, interview, group discussion and measurement of water supply were undertaken, and output performance indicators were assessed. Measurements of cropping intensity, irrigation interval and productivity show that there is a distinct difference in performance along the main canal. Upstream water users always have easy access to water, higher annual income and resource base than those in midstream and downstream. Disparity among users occurs due to lack of functional institutions and poor conditions of water distribution systems.","PeriodicalId":84691,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian journal of development research","volume":"58 1","pages":"81-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81581323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International migration, remittances and poverty alleviation in Ethiopia","authors":"Emerta Assaminew, Getachew Ahmed, K. Aberra, Tewodros Makonnen","doi":"10.4314/EJDR.V33I1.68616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EJDR.V33I1.68616","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the impact of international remittances on the Ethiopian economy as well as the livelihoods and welfare of households. A simple dynamic econometric model, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model, was used to assess the impact of international remittances on absorption, spending and output. Moreover, we used binary outcome model to test whether remittances have an impact on the welfare of households. Besides, the study made use of macroeconomic data and data from the Ethiopian urban household survey. It was found that remittance shocks positively affect macroeconomic variables; the effect remained to be volatile in the very first periods after the shock. However, the impacts tend to sustain in the years after the fifth period. Moreover, through the positive (but inelastic) relationship between growth and poverty, private remittance inflows have an important implication for poverty in Ethiopia. International remittances significantly reduced the poverty incidence among the urban households in the country. It was also found that female-headed households are more likely to use remittance more effectively than male-headed households are.","PeriodicalId":84691,"journal":{"name":"Ethiopian journal of development research","volume":"5 1","pages":"125-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82690821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}