Eastern Africa journal of rural development最新文献_第2页

Thermal performance of wood-particles on a household stove. 家用炉灶上木质颗粒的热性能。

Eastern Africa journal of rural development Pub Date : 2005-07-05 DOI: 10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28355

C. Ketlogetswe

引用次数: 0

The economic rationale of recycling hybrid seeds in Northern Tanzania 在坦桑尼亚北部回收杂交种子的经济原理

Eastern Africa journal of rural development Pub Date : 2005-07-05 DOI: 10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28358

E. Nkonya, W. Mwangi

引用次数: 5

Soil fertility Status, Management, and Research in East Africa 东非土壤肥力状况、管理与研究

Eastern Africa journal of rural development Pub Date : 2005-07-05 DOI: 10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28362

Bekunda, P. Ebanyat, E. Nkonya, D. Mugendi, J. Msaky

{"title":"Soil fertility Status, Management, and Research in East Africa","authors":"Bekunda, P. Ebanyat, E. Nkonya, D. Mugendi, J. Msaky","doi":"10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28362","url":null,"abstract":"This study reviews and synthesizes the soil fertility status, management among smallholder farmers and research in the three countries of east Africa, namely Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. We observe that many studies note the declining soil fertility, mainly due to soil fertility mining, putting crop production in an unsustainable path. Studies have shown that the current soil fertility management practices of recycling crop residue; biomass transfer; short fallow and other organic practices appear to be inadequate to replenish the nutrient outflow. Consequently, a number of case studies have shown crop yield decline in the region. \u0000Soil fertility research in east Africa has concentrated on producing recommendation for monocrop systems while most smallholder farmers plant crops in complex intercropping and mixed cropping systems. Additionally even though agricultural prices and soil characteristics are dynamic, recommendations are always based on static input-output price ratio and soil conditions. This research approach and assumptions render many recommendations irrelevant to smallholder farmers. Consequently, adoption of soil fertility technologies in the region is low, even though many farmers appreciate the benefits of these technologies. The need to revise the current soil fertility recommendation such that they take into account the dynamic nature of soils and agricultural prices is apparent. Key words: East Africa, fertilizer recommendations, trials and use, nutrient mining, soil fertility Eastern African Journal of Rural Development Vol.20(1) 2004: 94-112","PeriodicalId":84616,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa journal of rural development","volume":"20 1","pages":"94-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70511979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 53

Ex-Ante Economic Assessment of Legume-Cereal Crop Sequencing Technology in Nakuru District, Kenya 肯尼亚纳库鲁地区豆类-谷类作物测序技术的事前经济评价

Eastern Africa journal of rural development Pub Date : 2005-07-05 DOI: 10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28364

G. Ithinji, J. Lagat, L. Mumera

{"title":"Ex-Ante Economic Assessment of Legume-Cereal Crop Sequencing Technology in Nakuru District, Kenya","authors":"G. Ithinji, J. Lagat, L. Mumera","doi":"10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28364","url":null,"abstract":"Crop rotations involving legumes and cereals are beneficial to the overall soil-crop environment, but profitability varies spatially. The current study is an ex-ante assessment of the economic viability of a legume-cereal crop sequencing technology in Rongai Division of Kenya's Nakuru district. Input and yield data for screening of legume-cereal technologies were obtained from the Egerton University Wheat/Chickpea Project on agronomic viability of the crop rotations. Farm-level data were obtained from a random sample of 30 respondents selected through multi-stage sampling procedure. Gross margin analysis was used to evaluate the profitability of production activities. Linear programming models were used to optimize existing activities and those from legume-cereal agronomic trials. The models for current farm enterprises show working capital and labour in March as major constraints to improved farm income whilst the other labour resources as slack. Legume-cereal double cropping was shown to contribute substantially to smallholder farm income. The study concludes that the sequencing of maize with chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.), common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and garden pea ( Pisum sativum L.) is economically viable. In addition, the coupling of agricultural credit to technologies is a good strategy for smallholder agricultural development. Key words: Ex-ante adoption, legume-cereal sequencing, linear programming, technology Eastern African Journal of Rural Development Vol.20(1) 2004: 24-33","PeriodicalId":84616,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa journal of rural development","volume":"20 1","pages":"24-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effect of Information Asymmetry and Relationship Lending on Financial Intermediation of Small Firms in USA 信息不对称和关系借贷对美国小企业金融中介的影响

Eastern Africa journal of rural development Pub Date : 2005-07-05 DOI: 10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28357

I. Nalukenge, L. Libby

{"title":"Effect of Information Asymmetry and Relationship Lending on Financial Intermediation of Small Firms in USA","authors":"I. Nalukenge, L. Libby","doi":"10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28357","url":null,"abstract":"The study applies a transaction costs framework to understand the economic behavior of financial institutions serving financial needs of small businesses in the U.S.A. Using survey data obtained from small- business- friendly financial institutions, hypotheses postulated by the Transaction Costs Theory were tested. This theory was also used to examine the potential for adoption of promising lender-borrower relationships to mitigate transaction costs incurred in financial intermediation. Measures of transaction costs and relationship lending variables were the opinions of key lending institutions towards performance of small businesses undertaking loan contracting in credit markets. These opinions were ranked on likert scales ranging from 1 to 6. An Ordered Multinomial Probit analysis was performed on the model of transaction costs and hypothesized determinants. Results show that a model of transaction costs of financial contracting that put into consideration the lender-borrower relationships had a greater explanatory power than one which ignored these relationships. The study concluded that lending technologies that incorporate relationship lending have potential of minimizing transaction costs especially in economies that experience severe information asymmetries. Key words: information asymmetry, lender-borrower relationships, relationship lending, small business, transaction costs Eastern African Journal of Rural Development Vol.20(1) 2004: 57-71","PeriodicalId":84616,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa journal of rural development","volume":"20 1","pages":"57-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70511866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Local Government Graduated Tax and Compliance Implications: The Case of Kampala and Mubende Districts 地方政府累进税和合规影响:坎帕拉和穆本德地区的案例

Eastern Africa journal of rural development Pub Date : 2005-07-05 DOI: 10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28363

A. Mugume

{"title":"Local Government Graduated Tax and Compliance Implications: The Case of Kampala and Mubende Districts","authors":"A. Mugume","doi":"10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28363","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the concern with Local Government (LG) reform in Uganda has had to do with its potential to increase the effectiveness of resource allocation, where spending decisions are presumably based on a clearer understanding of local needs with performance ultimately reflected in the local electoral process. The issue examined in this paper is whether following decentralisation there has a been response from LGs in mobilising sufficient revenues in light of expenditure requirements. Also examined are the factors that influence the likelihood of compliance with the Graduated Tax (GT) payments., which constitutes the largest share of the revenue raised by LGs. \u0000Empirical evidence confirms that the perception about local public services has the most important effect in stimulating the likelihood of compliance with GT payment. This would suggest that local citizens are willing to make a nominal contribution towards provision of services but the nature of available public services are a deterrent. In addition, individual's family characteristics reinforced by local commitment as evidenced by longevity in the local jurisdiction induce graduated tax compliance. Key words: Graduated tax compliance, local government Eastern African Journal of Rural Development Vol.20(1) 2004: 125-135","PeriodicalId":84616,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa journal of rural development","volume":"20 1","pages":"125-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Determinants of Use Of Information and Communication Technologies by Agribusiness Firms in Uganda 乌干达农业综合企业使用信息和通信技术的决定因素

Eastern Africa journal of rural development Pub Date : 2005-07-05 DOI: 10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28365

F. Kasibante, S. Mbowa, J. Mugisha

{"title":"Determinants of Use Of Information and Communication Technologies by Agribusiness Firms in Uganda","authors":"F. Kasibante, S. Mbowa, J. Mugisha","doi":"10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28365","url":null,"abstract":"Private agribusiness firms are expected to contribute to the growth of Uganda's economy. They are also expected to adopt modern methods of communication to remain competitive both in the domestic and international market. However, little is known about the extent to which agribusiness firms have been using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). This study establishes three different ICT levels, 1, 2, and 3 used by agribusiness firms in Uganda. Data from 104 agribusiness firms gives the categories of users as; (i) users of conventional ICT only, (ii) users of conventional ICT plus e-mail and (iii) users of conventional ICT, e-mail and Internet. Results from the multinomial logit model suggest that managers, who perceived internet to be beneficial to their business operations (positive attitude) and firms with high expenditure on information collection and dissemination, were likely to be users of ICT level 2. Education level of the manager, firms in the export trade and volume of sales were positively associated with the use of both ICT levels 2 and 3. Experience in computer use and number of computer knowledgeable staff were positively associated with ICT level 3. Key words: Agribusiness firms, e-mail, ICT, internet Eastern African Journal of Rural Development Vol.20(1) 2004: 3-11","PeriodicalId":84616,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa journal of rural development","volume":"20 1","pages":"3-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70512078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Economic Efficiency lf Land Improvement Techniques among Cassava Farmers in the Wetlands of Nigeria 尼日利亚湿地木薯农户土地改良技术的经济效益

Eastern Africa journal of rural development Pub Date : 2005-07-05 DOI: 10.4314/EAJRD.V20I1.28366

A. Bamire, T. Alimi, A. Ayanwale

引用次数: 4

Determinants of the Adoption of Water Harvesting Technologies in the Marginal Areas of Nakuru District, Kenya: The Case of Trench and Water Pan Technologies 肯尼亚纳库鲁地区边缘地区采用集水技术的决定因素:以沟渠和水盘技术为例

Eastern Africa journal of rural development Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.4314/EAJRD.V19I1.28349

J. Lagat, G. Ithinji, Steven Buigut

{"title":"Determinants of the Adoption of Water Harvesting Technologies in the Marginal Areas of Nakuru District, Kenya: The Case of Trench and Water Pan Technologies","authors":"J. Lagat, G. Ithinji, Steven Buigut","doi":"10.4314/EAJRD.V19I1.28349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJRD.V19I1.28349","url":null,"abstract":"A priority concern in the marginal areas of Kenya is food security, which can be achieved through the development of technologies relevant to dry-land farming with a strong component of water management. One area where runoff harvesting technologies have been promoted extensively over the last few years is Lare division of Nakuru district where several institutions initiated an integrated system of technology generation and transfer to promote water harvesting from runoff. The objective of the study was to investigate factors, which influence adoption of runoff harvesting technologies. A Probit model was used to analyze primary farm level data collected from a sample of 124 farmers chosen through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Trained enumerators administered structured questionnaires that detailed information on the adoption status of the farmer, socio-economic data and household demographics. Results of the Probit analysis show that farm income, farm size, labour requirement, and education of spouses significantly influenced adoption of water harvesting technologies. The study draws some policy recommendations. Keywords: Water harvesting: Adoption Technology, Semi-arid, Runoff. Eastern African Journal of Rural Development","PeriodicalId":84616,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa journal of rural development","volume":"19 1","pages":"24-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70511708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

The Relationship between Socio-Economic Characteristics of Maize Farmers and Household Food Security in Eastern Uganda 乌干达东部玉米种植户社会经济特征与家庭粮食安全的关系

Eastern Africa journal of rural development Pub Date : 2004-04-01 DOI: 10.4314/EAJRD.V19I1.28347

S. Nagujja, J. Mugisha

{"title":"The Relationship between Socio-Economic Characteristics of Maize Farmers and Household Food Security in Eastern Uganda","authors":"S. Nagujja, J. Mugisha","doi":"10.4314/EAJRD.V19I1.28347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/EAJRD.V19I1.28347","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the importance of maize in the Ugandan diet, its role in ensuring food security, and the numerous research studies that have been done on adoption of maize production technologies, limited work has been done to assess the food security status of households engaged in improved maize production vis-a-vis that of local maize farmers. This study was done firstly to compare the socio-economic characteristics of 187 improved maize and local maize growers; secondly, to establish the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics and household food security of improved and local maize growers. Two separate analyses were done- one to examine the socio-economic differences between local maize and improved maize growers and the other to assess the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics and household food security. All socio-economic characteristics were found to be non-significant which implied that improved maize growers and local maize growers did not differ statistically in all aspects. The Subsistence Potential Ratio was used to compare the food security status of improved maize and local maize growers and was found to be 0.54 for improved maize growers, while that for local maize growers was 0.42 though the difference was not significant. Analysis using a consumption model revealed that a significant relationship existed between household food security and income, labour hours exported and imported by a household, education level of household head, number of extension visits, and area allocated to improved maize varieties. Keywords: Food security, maize, subsistence potential ratio Eastern African Journal of Rural Development Vol.19(1) 2003: 2-12","PeriodicalId":84616,"journal":{"name":"Eastern Africa journal of rural development","volume":"19 1","pages":"2-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70511619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5