Preventive cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Is acute high-dose secondhand smoke exposure always harmful to microvascular function in healthy adults?","authors":"Robert L Bard,&nbsp;Joseph T Dvonch,&nbsp;Niko Kaciroti,&nbsp;Susan A Lustig,&nbsp;Robert D Brook","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7141.2010.00074.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2010.00074.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prev Cardiol. Long-term exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is associated with impaired vascular function. The authors investigated the vascular and blood pressure (BP) reactions to acute SHS exposure. Twenty-five healthy nonsmoking adults underwent a 1-hour exposure to SHS (mean fine particulate matter < 2.5 μm level = 315 ± 116 μg/m(3) ). Microvascular endothelial-dependent vasodilatation (EDV) (EndoPAT, Itamar Medical, Caesarea, Israel) and aortic hemodynamics/compliance (SphygmoCor, AtCor Medical, West Ryde, Australia) were measured before and after the SHS exposure with BP measured every 15 minutes during and for a 24-hour period before and after the exposure. SHS exposure did not change EDV, aortic hemodynamics, arterial compliance, or 24-hour BP. However, diastolic BP significantly increased during the SHS exposure period by 3.4 ± 5.6 mm Hg. Our brief SHS exposure did not impair microvascular endothelial function or arterial compliance in healthy nonsmoking adults, but brachial diastolic BP increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":83876,"journal":{"name":"Preventive cardiology","volume":"13 4","pages":"175-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2010.00074.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29295811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for subclinical carotid atherosclerosis among current smokers.","authors":"Heather M Johnson, Megan E Piper, Douglas E Jorenby, Michael C Fiore, Timothy B Baker, James H Stein","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7141.2010.00068.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1751-7141.2010.00068.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study characterized the determinants of carotid atherosclerosis in a large contemporary sample of current smokers. Associations between risk factors, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and carotid plaque presence were determined by multivariable regression. Participants included 1504 current smokers (58% female) who were a median (interquartile range) of 44.7 (38-53) years old and smoked 25 (15-40) pack-years; 55% had plaque. Pack-years, age, male sex, nonwhite race, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, small low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and total high-density lipoproteins were independently associated with CIMT (model R(2) =0.434, P<.001). Pack-years (odds ratio [OR], 1.14 per 10 pack-years; P=.001), age (OR, 1.75 per 10 years; P<.001), body mass index (OR, 0.91 per 5 kg/m(2) ; P=.035), and small LDLs (OR, 1.11 per 100 nmol/L; P<.001) were independently associated with carotid plaque presence (model χ(2) =210.7, P<.001). The association between pack-years and carotid plaque was stronger in women (OR, 1.09 per 10 pack-years, P(interaction) =.018).</p>","PeriodicalId":83876,"journal":{"name":"Preventive cardiology","volume":"13 4","pages":"166-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3276243/pdf/nihms-348271.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29298174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and severity of angiographic coronary artery disease in the elderly.","authors":"Vikas Veeranna,&nbsp;Jyotiranjan Pradhan,&nbsp;Ashutosh Niraj,&nbsp;Hesham Fakhry,&nbsp;Luis Afonso","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00062.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00062.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over 80% of annual coronary heart disease mortality occurs in the elderly, a rapidly expanding subset of the population. The authors retrospectively examined the relationship between traditional cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerotic coronary artery disease burden in a cohort of 631 elderly patients undergoing angiography. Age and male sex but not hypertension or dyslipidemia were predictors of presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (Duke score >or=2). Only diabetes mellitus emerged as an independent predictor of obstructive coronary artery disease burden. Smoking was found to be predictive of left main coronary artery disease. In summary, severity of angiographic disease in the elderly as assessed by Duke Myocardial Jeopardy scoring appears to correlate poorly with prevalence of established traditional cardiovascular risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":83876,"journal":{"name":"Preventive cardiology","volume":"13 3","pages":"135-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00062.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29117539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A randomized clinical trial to assess the effect of statins on skeletal muscle function and performance: rationale and study design.","authors":"Paul D Thompson,&nbsp;Beth A Parker,&nbsp;Priscilla M Clarkson,&nbsp;Linda S Pescatello,&nbsp;C Michael White,&nbsp;Adam S Grimaldi,&nbsp;Benjamin D Levine,&nbsp;Ronald G Haller,&nbsp;Eric P Hoffman","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00063.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00063.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors or statins are the most effective medications for reducing elevated concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Statins reduce cardiac events in patients with coronary artery disease and previously healthy persons. Current recommendations for LDL-C treatment goals indicate that more patients will be treated with higher doses of these medications. Statins have been extremely well-tolerated in controlled clinical trials but are increasingly recognized to produce skeletal muscle myalgia, cramps, and weakness. The reported frequency of such mild symptoms is not clear, and muscle performance has not been examined with these medications. Accordingly, the present investigation, the Effect of Statins on Skeletal Muscle Function and Performance (STOMP) study, will recruit approximately 440 healthy persons. Participants will be randomly assigned to treatment with atorvastatin 80 mg/d or placebo. Handgrip, elbow and knee isometric and isokinetic strength, knee extensor endurance, and maximal aerobic exercise performance will be determined at baseline. Participants will undergo repeat testing after 6 months of treatment or after meeting the study definition of statin myalgia. This study will determine the effect of statins on skeletal muscle strength, endurance, and aerobic exercise performance and may ultimately help clinicians better evaluate statin-related muscle and exercise complaints.</p>","PeriodicalId":83876,"journal":{"name":"Preventive cardiology","volume":"13 3","pages":"104-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00063.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29118116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of SF-36 with coronary artery disease risk factors and mortality: a PreCIS study.","authors":"Jian-Ping Zhang,&nbsp;Leo Pozuelo,&nbsp;Danielle M Brennan,&nbsp;Brian Hoar,&nbsp;Byron J Hoogwerf","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00061.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00061.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the relationships among health-related quality of life and risk factors of coronary artery disease (CAD) and all-cause mortality in high-risk cardiac patients seen in a cardiology prevention clinic. At baseline, 1785 patients (age, 53.4+/-13.4 years; 58.8% men) had a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. They completed the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36-Item Health Survey (SF-36). Analyses were conducted on associations of 2 SF-36 domain scores (overall physical health [OPH] and overall mental health [OMH]) with CAD biomarkers and all-cause mortality. Lower OPH scores were associated with CAD risk factors including smoking; history of hypertension, diabetes, and peripheral artery disease; the metabolic syndrome; and other novel CAD biomarkers. Lower OMH scores showed similar but weaker associations with CAD risk factors. OPH significantly predicted 5-year mortality in multivariable survival analysis. SF-36, especially OPH, was associated with many risk factors of CAD and significantly predicted mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":83876,"journal":{"name":"Preventive cardiology","volume":"13 3","pages":"122-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00061.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29118118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fifth Pivotal Research in Cardiology in the Elderly (PRICE-V) Symposium: Preventive Cardiology in the Elderly--executive summary. Part II: afternoon session.","authors":"Michael W Rich,&nbsp;George A Mensah","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00047.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00047.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83876,"journal":{"name":"Preventive cardiology","volume":"13 1","pages":"42-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00047.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28603803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluations by sonography in clinical studies on preventive cardiology.","authors":"Kazuhiko Kotani,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Taniguchi","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7141.2010.00070.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2010.00070.x","url":null,"abstract":"To the Editor: Clinical trials of preventive cardiology often use sonographically evaluated carotid intima-media thickness, a representative surrogate marker for cardiovascular diseases, as a study end point. A recent example is the Arterial Biology for the Investigation of the Treatment Effects of Reducing Cholesterol 6—HDL and LDL Treatment Strategies (ARBITER 6-HALTS) trial for statin-treated patients, which reported the superiority of extended-release niacin over ezetimibe in suppressing the intima-media thickness progression (a primary end point). The assessment method appears to be a valid trial methodology (eg, the single operator in a blinded manner, a confirmation on reproducibility of measurements). However, the resolution of sonography equipment may not make it possible to obtain a significant level of accuracy as reported in a previous trial ()0.0007 mm in the ezetimibe group and )0.0142 mm in the niacin group in the changes observed at 14-months: an expression in four decimal points) in considering the actual situation where at least one or two decimal points are clinically applicable. It is necessary to accept the fact that, even if the results are considered to reach a level of statistical significance, the basic nature of such data must still be acknowledged. The images obtained depend on the settings of the sonography devices (the gain and ⁄ or the time gain compensation) and the sound attenuation of the body ⁄ tissue. These factors are examinerand examinee-dependent, respectively; thus, such data can vary greatly due to both factors. The errors also tend to increase in manually operated measurements. Moreover, the repeated measurement of data at specific intervals with such background may potentially induce further problems, even though the same sites of the same arteries were examined. Therefore, based on the above-described factors that may negatively influence the accuracy of the sonographic findings, it is important to carefully and prudently interpret sonography data, especially when there is a slight level of change.—Kazuhiko Kotani, MD, PhD; Nobuyuki Taniguchi, MD, PhD Tochigi, Japan","PeriodicalId":83876,"journal":{"name":"Preventive cardiology","volume":"13 3","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2010.00070.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29117542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting heart rate and metabolic syndrome in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease in bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation 2 diabetes (BARI 2D) trial.","authors":"Jamal S Rana,&nbsp;Regina M Hardison,&nbsp;Rodica Pop-Busui,&nbsp;Maria M Brooks,&nbsp;Teresa L Z Jones,&nbsp;Richard W Nesto,&nbsp;Martial G Bourassa","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7141.2010.00067.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2010.00067.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The relation between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and resting heart rate (rHR) in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease is unknown. The authors examined the cross-sectional association at baseline between components of the MetS and rHR and between rHR and left ventricular ejection fraction in the population from the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) randomized clinical trial. The mean rHR in the MetS group was significantly higher than in those without (68.4+/-12.3 vs 65.6+/-11.8 beats per min, P=.0017). The rHR was higher (P<.001 for trend) with increasing number of components for MetS. Linear regression analyses demonstrated that as compared to individuals without MetS, rHR was significantly higher in participants with MetS (regression coefficient, 2.9; P=.0015). In patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease, the presence of higher rHR is associated with increasing number of criteria of MetS and the presence of ventricular dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":83876,"journal":{"name":"Preventive cardiology","volume":"13 3","pages":"112-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2010.00067.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29118115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of assessment of coronary calcium vs carotid intima media thickness for determination of vascular age and adjustment of the Framingham Risk Score.","authors":"Yasser Khalil,&nbsp;Bertrand Mukete,&nbsp;Michael J Durkin,&nbsp;June Coccia,&nbsp;Martin E Matsumura","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7141.2010.00071.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2010.00071.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) has become the standard tool to determine coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Recent studies have demonstrated that FRS underestimates CHD risk in a number of patient populations. One strategy that has been proposed to improve the diagnostic accuracy of FRS is to use imaging of subclinical atherosclerosis to define a \"vascular age\" and use this age to calculate FRS. Both computed tomography assessment of coronary artery calcium (CAC) and ultrasonographic assessment of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) have been proposed as modalities that can be employed to assess vascular age. In the present study, the authors compared CAC vs CIMT for the assessment of vascular age and adjustment of FRS. In the cohort as a whole, CAC- and CIMT-derived vascular age correlated well. Further study is needed to verify the accuracy of vascular age-adjusted FRS using both CAC and CIMT and to determine whether there are specific patient demographics that favor either imaging modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":83876,"journal":{"name":"Preventive cardiology","volume":"13 3","pages":"117-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7141.2010.00071.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29118117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular mortality in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Radhika N Bukkapatnam, Nicole B Gabler, William R Lewis","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00059.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1751-7141.2009.00059.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The benefits of statins on prevention of coronary heart disease in women without heart disease have not been clarified. The authors systematically reviewed all the published literature on primary prevention trials and found 6 primary prevention trials to date with sex-specific data on mortality and coronary heart disease events in women. The summary risk ratio for primary prevention of all-cause mortality was 0.90 (95% confidence interval, 0.60-1.35; P=.61) and for any coronary heart disease event was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.96; P=.02). This review reveals that statin therapy along with diet and exercise in moderately hyperlipidemic women without a previous history of cardiovascular disease is of significant benefit in preventing coronary heart disease events but of no proven benefit in preventing all-cause mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":83876,"journal":{"name":"Preventive cardiology","volume":"13 2","pages":"84-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28910968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}