Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.)最新文献_第7页

Kaplan’s Clinical Hypertension, 8th edition. 卡普兰的临床高血压，第8版。

Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.) Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/00132580-200211000-00012

R. Kay

引用次数: 20

Significant difference in beat-to-beat QT interval variability among different leads. 不同导联间搏动QT间期变异性的显著差异。

Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.) Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/00132580-200211000-00002

Vikram Kumar Yeragani, Manuel E Tancer, Debra Glitz, Thomas Uhde, Nagaraj Desai

{"title":"Significant difference in beat-to-beat QT interval variability among different leads.","authors":"Vikram Kumar Yeragani, Manuel E Tancer, Debra Glitz, Thomas Uhde, Nagaraj Desai","doi":"10.1097/00132580-200211000-00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132580-200211000-00002","url":null,"abstract":"QT interval on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) reflects the time for repolarization of myocardium, and QTc prolongation is strongly associated with sudden cardiac death. Findings of studies that have examined the dispersion of QT interval in 12-lead ECGs strongly suggest that an increased QT dispersion between different leads is associated with an increased risk of cardiac mortality. Recent studies using novel techniques on beat-to-beat QT interval variability have also shown that the interval is both influenced by the autonomic nervous system and a predictor of sudden cardiac death. However, in these studies the variability of QT was quantified in a single lead, and thus is different from QT dispersion. The present study examined whether there was a significant difference between QT variability (detrended QT variance [QTv]) and Qtvi (index of QT interval variability corrected for mean QT squared divided by heart rate variability corrected for mean heart rate squared) in 17 data sets of continuous ECGs recorded in three channels (leads V(5), V(1), and V(3)) during ambulatory monitoring of ECG digitized at 1,000 Hz. The results showed a highly significant difference between QT variability measures (QTv and QTvi) (P < 0.0001) in two of three lead configurations that were used (V(5) and V(1) versus V(3)). This finding underscores the importance of using the same lead while recording ECG for the calculation of QT variability, though further investigations are clearly warranted before any definitive conclusion can be made. These findings should be evaluated in relation to the issue of local versus global cardiac repolarization of ventricular myocardium.","PeriodicalId":83724,"journal":{"name":"Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":"4 6","pages":"344-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00132580-200211000-00002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22119365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Ezetimibe: the first in a novel class of selective cholesterol-absorption inhibitors. 依折麦比:一种新型选择性胆固醇吸收抑制剂中的第一种。

Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.) Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/00132580-200211000-00011

Eric K Gupta, Matthew K Ito

{"title":"Ezetimibe: the first in a novel class of selective cholesterol-absorption inhibitors.","authors":"Eric K Gupta, Matthew K Ito","doi":"10.1097/00132580-200211000-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132580-200211000-00011","url":null,"abstract":"Zetia (ezetimibe) is the first medication in the novel class of selective cholesterol-absorption inhibitors to be released in the United States. Ezetimibe selectively inhibits the uptake of cholesterol from the intestinal lumen at the level of the enterocyte in the intestinal brush border while having no effect on other sterols or lipid-soluble vitamins. Ezetimibe 10 mg daily produces a consistent reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by approximately 15 to 20% when used as monotherapy or in combination with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors (statins) or fenofibrate and a 4 to 9% increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Unlike other lipid-lowering medications that act in the gastrointestinal tract, ezetimibe does not appear to worsen hypertriglyceridemia. Ezetimibe also has an adverse-event profile that is similar to placebo when used as monotherapy or in combination with statins and fenofibrate. Studies of longer duration and with niacin, bile acid sequestrants, and gemfibrozil are warranted to more completely assess the safety of ezetimibe in combination therapy. To date, no clinically significant drug-drug interactions have been noted with the use of ezetimibe; however, further studies are warranted. Ezetimibe will be useful as monotherapy in patients who need modest reductions in LDL-C or are intolerant to other lipid-lowering medication, and in combination with a statin in patients who are unable to tolerate large doses of statins or need further reductions in LDL-C despite maximum doses of a statin. The long-term safety and the effect on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of ezetimibe are unknown.","PeriodicalId":83724,"journal":{"name":"Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":"4 6","pages":"399-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00132580-200211000-00011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22120461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

Contrast-associated nephropathy. Contrast-associated肾病。

Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.) Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/00132580-200211000-00006

Vikas R Soma, Erdal Cavusoglu, Raghuraman Vidhun, William H Frishman, Samin K Sharma

{"title":"Contrast-associated nephropathy.","authors":"Vikas R Soma, Erdal Cavusoglu, Raghuraman Vidhun, William H Frishman, Samin K Sharma","doi":"10.1097/00132580-200211000-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132580-200211000-00006","url":null,"abstract":"Contrast-associated nephropathy (CaN) has become a major cause of iatrogenic acute renal failure, especially with the increasing use of radiographic contrast media in both diagnostic and interventional procedures. CaN is the third most common cause of iatrogenic acute renal failure, and is associated with increased morbidity and in-hospital mortality. CaN typically presents as an acute rise in serum creatinine levels, usually within 48 hours after exposure to contrast media. Renal medullary ischemia secondary to contrast-induced vasoconstriction is now believed to be the most likely cause of CaN, although direct renal tubular cytotoxicity does appear to play a role. The occurrence of CaN is directly related to the number of coexisting clinical risk factors. Among the many risk factors, preexisting renal impairment, the presence of diabetes mellitus and the volume of the contrast agent administered are the most important. The most effective means of reducing the incidence of CaN is through prevention, by first identifying the risk factors and then attempting to correct for them before the administration of contrast material. Although the earliest and most well-tested preventive measure, namely intravenous hydration, continues to be the most effective way to prevent CaN, recent studies have provided many new preventive modalities. The growing use of these new agents, such as acetylcysteine, endothelin blockers, and most recently fenoldopam, has increased the options available for the prevention of CaN.","PeriodicalId":83724,"journal":{"name":"Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":"4 6","pages":"372-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00132580-200211000-00006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22119368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Are antihypertensive agents protective against dementia? A review of clinical and preclinical data. 降压药能预防痴呆吗?临床和临床前资料综述。

Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.) Pub Date : 2002-11-01 DOI: 10.1097/00132580-200211000-00007

William H Frishman

{"title":"Are antihypertensive agents protective against dementia? A review of clinical and preclinical data.","authors":"William H Frishman","doi":"10.1097/00132580-200211000-00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132580-200211000-00007","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, the size of the population of persons aged 65 years or older is expected to double within the next 30 years, resulting in a marked increase in the prevalence of dementia. Hypertension is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia in addition to cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. The evidence for a connection between high blood pressure in midlife and dementia in late life comes from numerous longitudinal studies. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial involving 2,418 patients aged 60 years or older with isolated systolic hypertension demonstrated that active treatment based on the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist nitrendipine with the addition of enalapril, hydrochlorothiazide, or both if needed to control systolic blood pressure to <150 mmHg, significantly reduced not only stroke and cardiovascular complications but also the incidence of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Several trials of antihypertensive treatment are ongoing to confirm this important finding. The newer dihydropyridine calcium antagonists lacidipine and lercanidipine are effective and well tolerated in the treatment of hypertension. In animal models, these newer agents also have been shown to prevent the progression of hypertensive microvascular damage. Their neuroprotective effects offer possible unique advantages in the management of hypertension.","PeriodicalId":83724,"journal":{"name":"Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":"4 6","pages":"380-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00132580-200211000-00007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22119370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

Use of pharmaceuticals in noninvasive cardiovascular diagnosis. 药物在无创心血管诊断中的应用。

Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.) Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/00132580-200209000-00008

Jay S Meisner, Jamshid Shirani, Jamshid Alaeddini, William H Frishman

{"title":"Use of pharmaceuticals in noninvasive cardiovascular diagnosis.","authors":"Jay S Meisner, Jamshid Shirani, Jamshid Alaeddini, William H Frishman","doi":"10.1097/00132580-200209000-00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132580-200209000-00008","url":null,"abstract":"A number of pharmaceuticals are employed as diagnostic agents for cardiovascular diseases. Four groups of agents are reviewed here: 1) vasoactive substances employed as adjuncts to physical maneuvers in diagnosis of structural heart disease; 2) vasodilators used to produce heterogeneity of coronary flow; 3) sympathomimetic agents simulating the effects of exercise on the heart for the purpose of detection of coronary artery stenosis; and 4) ultrasonic contrast agents used to enhance myocardial imaging for the assessment of segmental wall motion. In the first group are amyl nitrate, a vasodilator, and methoxamine and phenylephrine, both vasopressors. The vasodilators of the second group are dipyridamole and adenosine. When combined with scintigraphic perfusion imaging or with echocardiographic assessment of segmental wall motion, these agents can detect single- or multiple-vessel coronary artery disease with sensitivity and specificity comparable to submaximal exercise. They are especially useful for preoperative risk assessment before noncardiac surgery. The sympathomimetic agents of the third group, dobutamine and arbutamine, increase myocardial contractility and heart rate, and dilate the peripheral vasculature. As with the vasodilators, when combined with nuclear or echocardiographic techniques they are equivalent to exercise in detection of coronary disease. They are especially useful in patients with bronchospastic disease and for assessment of myocardial viability. Agents from groups 2 and 3 have acceptable side-effect and safety profiles. The last group reviewed includes echocardiographic contrast agents that, in this investigative setting, are employed to enhance detection of segmental wall motion when used with agents from groups 2 and 3.","PeriodicalId":83724,"journal":{"name":"Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":"4 5","pages":"315-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00132580-200209000-00008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22040852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Cardiovascular consequences of sleep-related breathing disorders. 与睡眠有关的呼吸障碍的心血管后果。

Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.) Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/00132580-200209000-00006

Sevag Bananian, Stuart G Lehrman, George P Maguire

{"title":"Cardiovascular consequences of sleep-related breathing disorders.","authors":"Sevag Bananian, Stuart G Lehrman, George P Maguire","doi":"10.1097/00132580-200209000-00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132580-200209000-00006","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) represent a spectrum of abnormalities that range from simple snoring to upper airway resistance syndrome to sleep apnea. The clinical presentation may include obesity, snoring, neuropsychological dysfunction, and daytime hypersomnolence and tiredness. The acute hemodynamic alterations of obstructive sleep apnea include systemic and pulmonary hypertension, increased right and left ventricular afterload, and increased cardiac output. Earlier reports attributed the coexistence of SRBDs with cardiovascular diseases to the shared risk factors such as age, sex, and obesity. However, recent epidemiologic data confirm an independent association between SRBDs and the different manifestations of cardiovascular diseases. Possible mechanisms may include a combination of intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia, repeated arousals, sustained increase in sympathetic tone, reduced baroreflex sensitivity, increased platelet aggregation, and elevated plasma fibrinogen and homocysteine levels. The strength of the association, its pathogenesis, and the impact of treatment of SRBDs on the health outcome of patients with cardiovascular diseases are issues to be addressed in future studies.","PeriodicalId":83724,"journal":{"name":"Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.)","volume":"4 5","pages":"296-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00132580-200209000-00006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22040849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Alcohol as a cardioprotective agent. 酒精作为心脏保护剂。

Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.) Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/00132580-200209000-00001

W H Frishman

引用次数: 4

Vascular Brachytherapy, 3rd edition. 血管近距离放射治疗，第三版。

Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.) Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/00132580-200209000-00010

R. Kay

引用次数: 2

Thoracic aortic stent-grafting. 胸主动脉支架植入术。

Heart disease (Hagerstown, Md.) Pub Date : 2002-09-01 DOI: 10.1097/00132580-200209000-00005

Stephen T Kee

引用次数: 2