Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn.)最新文献

{"title":"Elevated Red Cell Distribution Width Is Associated With Impaired Reverse Ventricular Remodeling and Increased Mortality in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy","authors":"John Rickard MD,&nbsp;Dharam J. Kumbhani MD, SM,&nbsp;Eiran Z. Gorodeski MD, MPH,&nbsp;David O. Martin MD,&nbsp;Richard A. Grimm DO,&nbsp;Patrick Tchou MD,&nbsp;Bruce D. Lindsay MD,&nbsp;W. H. Tang MD,&nbsp;Bruce L. Wilkoff MD","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00267.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00267.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) has been associated with poor long-term outcomes in patients with systolic dysfunction. The relationship between baseline RDW and reverse ventricular remodeling in advanced heart failure patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has not been established. The authors reviewed the pre-implant and follow-up echocardiograms of 233 patients undergoing the new implantation of a CRT device at the Cleveland Clinic between December 2001 and November 2006. Patients were included in the final cohort if they had an RDW level within 7 days of CRT implantation, a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40%, and New York Heart Association class II to IV symptoms. Patients with a reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume ≥15% following CRT were considered “responders.” Multivariate models were created to assess the relationship between baseline RDW elevation with progressive remodeling and all-cause mortality. Of 233 patients, 217 patients met inclusion criteria. Patients in the highest RDW quartile (&gt;16.1) derived significantly less improvement in LVEF (3.5%±9.3% vs 10.1%±10.9%, P=.001) than patients in the lowest quartile (&lt;13.6). In multivariate analysis, elevated RDW was inversely associated with response (odds ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.69–0.99; P=.047). The presence of elevated RDW is associated with less reverse left ventricular remodeling in patients with advanced heart failure undergoing CRT. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":83668,"journal":{"name":"Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn.)","volume":"18 2","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00267.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30516022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Ambulatory Pulmonary Artery Catheterization in the Management of Advanced Heart Failure","authors":"Sharayne Mark MD,&nbsp;Pedro Calderon-Artero MD,&nbsp;Lisa Kakinami PhD,&nbsp;Jeffrey Alexis MD,&nbsp;Leway Chen MD, MPH,&nbsp;Eugene Storozynsky MD, PhD,&nbsp;Michael W. Fong MD","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00268.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00268.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of pulmonary artery catheterization (PAC) has declined secondary to associated complications and lack of demonstrable efficacy in the inpatient setting. Few studies have been published on the use of PAC in nonacute heart failure (HF) patients. The purpose of this study was to review the use of PAC in guiding advanced therapy in nonacute ambulatory HF patients. A retrospective observational study assessing our group’s practice pattern with regard to the use of PAC in 515 ambulatory HF patients, outcomes, and adverse events that resulted from its use was performed. A total of 159 ambulatory HF patients were referred for PAC; 7% underwent heart transplant, 6% had ventricular assist device (VAD) placement, 18% underwent inotropic therapy, and 48% had addition of therapy while 14% had subtraction of therapy. Adverse events occurred in 4% of ambulatory PAC. Patients who underwent heart transplant, VAD, or inotropic therapy had significantly elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressures, mean pulmonary artery pressures, and depressed cardiac index. Patients selected for inotropic therapy also had significantly elevated right atrial pressures and depressed ejection fractions. PAC use safely guided medical therapy in more than half of the nonacute ambulatory patients. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":83668,"journal":{"name":"Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn.)","volume":"18 3","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00268.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30620563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Mass Index and 25 Hydroxyvitamin D Status in Patients With and Without Heart Failure","authors":"Christina DiCarlo BA,&nbsp;Brian Schmotzer MS,&nbsp;Marianne Vest MS, RN,&nbsp;Rebecca Boxer MD","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00270.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00270.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations, vitamin D intake, and sunlight exposure in patients with heart failure (HF) compared with healthy volunteers. Fourteen healthy volunteers 50 and older were recruited to compare with 14 patients with HF. Healthy volunteers were compared with HF patients by serum 25(OH)D concentrations, dietary vitamin D intake, weekly sunlight exposure, and other covariates. Independent sample t tests and linear regression models were used to compare differences between healthy volunteers and patients with HF. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was not significantly different between groups (healthy volunteers 25.7±11.1 ng/mL, patients with HF 20.4±10.2 ng/mL; <i>P</i>=.2) and no group effect was found in any multivariable models. Body mass index regardless of group was found to be inversely associated with serum 25(OH)D concentrations ( <i>P</i>=.025). There was no difference in the dietary intake of vitamin D or calcium between groups. The healthy volunteers had a significantly greater amount of sunlight exposure but this did not result in higher 25(OH)D when compared with those with HF. Our findings suggest that body mass index has an important relationship with 25(OH)D concentrations regardless of a person being healthy or having HF. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":83668,"journal":{"name":"Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn.)","volume":"18 3","pages":"133-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00270.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30619067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring Changes in Fluid Status With a Wireless Multisensor Monitor: Results From the Fluid Removal During Adherent Renal Monitoring (FARM) Study","authors":"Inder S. Anand MD,&nbsp;Alexander D. Doan MD,&nbsp;King W. Ma MD,&nbsp;Julie A. Toth RN,&nbsp;Karolyn J. Geyen RN,&nbsp;Sara Otterness APRN-BC, CNN,&nbsp;Niranjan Chakravarthy PhD,&nbsp;Rodolphe P. Katra PhD,&nbsp;Imad Libbus PhD","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00271.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00271.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Body fluid assessment is important for managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF). However, accurate detection of fluid retention remains elusive. The Fluid Removal During Adherent Renal Monitoring (FARM) study is a prospective, nonrandomized trial examining the performance of a wireless, noninvasive, multisensor fluid monitoring system, applied to the chest, to determine its performance and reliability during hemodialysis. Patients undergoing regular hemodialysis (n=25) were monitored continuously for 2 consecutive dialysis sessions and the interdialysis period. Physiologic variables, including tissue impedance, were recorded. The volume of fluid removed and weight change during dialysis were measured. An average of 3.4±1.2 L of fluid was removed during dialysis, which was associated with an increase in bioimpedance of 11.3±7.2 Ω. Change in bioimpedance was highly correlated with the amount of fluid removed but less so with weight loss. Normalized bioimpedance change (21.0%±12.1% increase from baseline, P&lt;001) was larger than the normalized weight change (3.6%±1.1%, <i>P</i>&lt;.01), suggesting a higher sensitivity and dynamic range than weight change for detecting fluid removal. The fluid monitoring system accurately tracked fluid and weight loss in patients during hemodialysis, supporting its use as a tool for the management of patient fluid status in disease states. <i>Congest Heart Fail.</i> 2012;18:32–36. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":83668,"journal":{"name":"Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn.)","volume":"18 1","pages":"32-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00271.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30413058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Carbohydrate Antigen 125 Levels in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Useful Biomarker for Prognosis and Functional Mitral Regurgitation","authors":"Oguz Karaca MD,&nbsp;Gamze B. Guler MD,&nbsp;Ekrem Guler MD,&nbsp;H. Murat Gunes MD,&nbsp;Elnur Alizade MD,&nbsp;Hicaz Z. Agus MD,&nbsp;Gokhan Gol MD,&nbsp;Gokhan Kahveci MD,&nbsp;Ozlem Esen MD,&nbsp;A. Metin Esen MD,&nbsp;Muhsin Turkmen MD","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00260.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00260.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The authors investigated the prognostic relevance of serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) levels in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NICMP) and assessed whether increased levels relate to the degree of functional mitral regurgitation (FMR). Seventy-seven patients with NICMP were enrolled and followed-up for 10±2 months in this prospective study. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis established a cutoff CA125 value of 25 U/mL for predicting mortality. Patients were divided into two groups according to their CA125 levels (CA125 &lt;25 U/mL [n=58] and CA125 ≥25 U/mL [n=19]). Patients with high CA125 values had statistically worse functional status, higher B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, higher left ventricular volumes, lower ejection fraction, higher <i>E</i>/Em ratio, higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and more severe FMR. On the multivariate analysis, serum CA125 (P=.002) and severe FMR (P=.04) were identified as the independent predictors of mortality. Serum CA125 levels also correlated with BNP levels and FMR severity (P&lt;.001). Serum CA125 is a powerful prognostic biomarker that is associated with the severity of heart failure, serum BNP levels and several echocardiographic parameters including left ventricular volumes, systolic and diastolic functions, pulmonary artery pressure, and the degree of FMR. Serum CA125 was also shown as an independent predictor of mortality during 10±2 months of follow-up. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":83668,"journal":{"name":"Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn.)","volume":"18 3","pages":"144-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00260.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30620560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levosimendan Produces an Additional Clinical and Hemodynamic Benefit in Patients With Decompensated Heart Failure Successfully Submitted to a Fluid Removal Treatment","authors":"Cristina Giglioli MD,&nbsp;Emanuele Cecchi MD,&nbsp;Daniele Landi MD,&nbsp;Marco Chiostri MD,&nbsp;Valentina Spini MD,&nbsp;Serafina Valente MD,&nbsp;Gian F. Gensini MD,&nbsp;Salvatore M. Romano PhD","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00261.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00261.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A pivotal role in treating decompensated heart failure (HF) is played by inotropes and calcium sensitizers such as levosimendan. In this study, the authors evaluated whether levosimendan could determine further clinical and hemodynamic benefits in 31 HF patients (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III or IV), after successful treatment with diuretics (n=15) or ultrafiltration (n=16). Systolic, diastolic, dicrotic, and mean arterial pressures; systemic vascular resistance (SVR); some classic hemodynamic variables (cardiac output [CO], stroke volume [SV], dP/dt_max); and indices of cardiovascular system performance (cardiac cycle efficiency [CCE], cardiac power output) have been assessed by the pressure recording analytical method (PRAM), a minimally invasive monitoring system, before levosimendan infusion, at the end of treatment (EoT), and 36 hours after EoT (post-36). A significant increase in CCE, CO, SV, and dP/dt_max and a significant decrease in diastolic and dicrotic arterial pressures and in SVR have been observed at EoT and at post-36. After the addition of levosimendan, a further reduction in signs and symptoms of HF and NYHA class was observed. Five patients showed an opposite trend of several hemodynamic parameters without any significant clinical improvement (nonresponders). In conclusion, most HF patients treated with diuretics or ultrafiltration receive additional clinical and hemodynamic benefits from levosimendan. The characterization of nonresponders could help in optimizing its use. <i>Congest Heart Fail.</i> 2012;18:47–53. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":83668,"journal":{"name":"Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn.)","volume":"18 1","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00261.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30412987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Left Ventricular Geometry With Left Atrial Enlargement in Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction","authors":"Dharmendrakumar A. Patel MD, MPH,&nbsp;Carl J. Lavie MD,&nbsp;Richard V. Milani MD,&nbsp;Yvonne Gilliland MD,&nbsp;Sangeeta Shah MD,&nbsp;Hector O. Ventura MD","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00264.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00264.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) is a known independent determinant of left atrial (LA) size; however, there is controversy regarding whether the LV geometric patterns are associated with LA enlargement (LAE), a major indicator of diastolic heart failure. The authors evaluated 47,865 patients with preserved ejection fraction to determine the relationship of LV geometry on LAE as determined by LA volume index (LAVi) ≥29 mL/m². Abnormal LV geometry was identified in 48% and LAE was indentified in 43% with associated higher prevalence of abnormal LV geometry (59% vs 41%, <i>P</i>&lt;.0001). Both LV mass index and relative wall thickness (RWT) were independent determinants of LAE (<i>P</i>&lt;.0001). LAVi and prevalence of LAE differ significantly by LV geometric patterns (<i>P</i>&lt;.0001). In multivariate analysis, abnormal LV geometry patterns, especially eccentric and concentric LVH, were independently associated with LAE. In conclusion, LAE assessed as increased LAVi is strongly associated not only with LV mass index but also with RWT. Furthermore, LAE was independently associated with abnormalities in LV geometry. <i>Congest Heart Fail.</i> 2012;18:4–8. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":83668,"journal":{"name":"Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn.)","volume":"18 1","pages":"4-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00264.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30309981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uric Acid, Heart Failure Survival, and the Impact of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition","authors":"Arash Harzand MD,&nbsp;Leonardo Tamariz MD, MPH,&nbsp;Joshua M. Hare MD","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00262.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00262.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increasing evidence suggests that serum uric acid (UA), a product of xanthine oxidase (XO), may be a useful marker for metabolic, hemodynamic, and functional staging in heart failure (HF) and a valid predictor of survival in HF patients. Recent data support an expanded role for UA and the XO pathway in the pathogenesis of HF, as studies have shown that an elevation in the enzymatic activity of XO can lead to increases in oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and reduced myocardial function. Numerous population studies have previously reported that elevated UA levels are an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality, and recent evidence suggests that lowering serum levels of UA may lead to improved outcomes in HF patients. The question of whether UA is only a marker rather than a causal factor in the pathogenesis of HF remains. Regardless of whether UA levels are ready for routine clinical use, either as a prognostic factor or novel therapeutic target, further prospective studies are necessary to demonstrate that routine measurement or reduction of UA levels improves outcomes in HF patients. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":83668,"journal":{"name":"Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn.)","volume":"18 3","pages":"179-182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00262.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30620565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial Protein Phosphorylation as a Regulatory Modality: Implications for Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Heart Failure","authors":"Brian O’Rourke PhD,&nbsp;Jennifer E. Van Eyk PhD,&nbsp;D. Brian Foster PhD","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00266.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00266.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins has been recognized for decades, and the regulation of pyruvate- and branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenases by an atypical kinase/phosphatase cascade is well established. More recently, the development of new mass spectrometry-based technologies has led to the discovery of many novel phosphorylation sites on a variety of mitochondrial targets. The evidence suggests that the major classes of kinase and several phosphatases may be present at the mitochondrial outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, and matrix, but many questions remain to be answered as to the location, timing, and reversibility of these phosphorylation events and whether they are functionally relevant. The authors review phosphorylation as a mitochondrial regulatory strategy and highlight its possible role in the pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and failure. Congest Heart Fail.</p>","PeriodicalId":83668,"journal":{"name":"Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn.)","volume":"17 6","pages":"269-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00266.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30270940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focus on Mitochondria Dysfunction and Dysregulation in Heart Failure: Towards New Therapeutic Strategies to Improve Heart Function","authors":"Mazen Kurdi PhD,&nbsp;George W. Booz PhD","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00269.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00269.x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mitochondria have a central role in normal cardiac muscle function. To sustain electrical and mechanical activities, the heart on average needs to synthesis anywhere from 6 kg to 30 kg of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) per day.^1–4 To meet most of this demand, the heart relies on the oxidation of fatty acids and to a lesser extent glucose by mitochondria. The importance of mitochondria to normal cardiac function is underscored by the fact that these organelles comprise some 30% of the volume of the cardiac muscle.⁴ Given their prominent role in heart muscle, it is not surprising that mitochondria have also been implicated in key aspects of heart failure (HF), such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, and calcium dysfunction. HF is also associated with alterations in the metabolic profile of the heart consistent with insufficient and inefficient mitochondrial respiration.^1–4 Studies of global changes in metabolism associated with HF have confirmed alterations consistent with this pathology, such as decreased fatty acid oxidation with advanced HF. To date, these findings have been too broad or variable to translate into effective therapies; however, new technologies that allow us to explore in great detail the expression profile and structural modifications of proteins within mitochondria of the failing heart, along with a revolutionary understanding of mitochondrial dynamics, have sparked renewed interest in research into the role and possible therapeutic targeting of mitochondria in HF. In this issue, we present 3 review articles that deal with different and topical aspects of this topic.</p><p>Rather than being “static factories producing energy,” mitochondria are now known to be dynamic organelles that undergo regulated fission (division) and fusion. As discussed by Chen and Knowlton,⁵ under normal conditions, fission and fusion occur with equal frequency. An imbalance in one or both, such as increased fission and/or decreased fusion, can lead to apoptosis, a process that contributes to myocyte loss in HF. Intriguingly, the fission-fusion interplay appears to be essential for optimal mitochondrial energetics and function, although the basis for this is not known. Regulated fission and fusion are likely important as well for mitochondrial quality control, allowing for the selection of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria prior to autography.^1,6,7 Whether the mitochondrial fission-fusion asymmetry is a cause or consequence of HF is not established. In any event, these new insights into mitochondrial dynamics bring new significance to older observations of gross changes in mitochondria size, shape, and number with cardiomyopothies and HF. They further suggest the possibility of new therapeutic avenues to restrain the progression of or even reverse HF.</p><p>In their contribution, Hollander and colleagues⁸ discuss changes in the expression levels of all of the mitochondrial proteins that","PeriodicalId":83668,"journal":{"name":"Congestive heart failure (Greenwich, Conn.)","volume":"17 6","pages":"255-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-7133.2011.00269.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30269478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}