Antiviral Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Dolutegravir/rilpivirine 2-drug regimen comparable to commonly prescribed 3-drug regimens up to 18-months in a real-world setting","authors":"G. Pierone, J. Fusco, V. Vannappagari, L. Brunet, R. P. Weber, M. Aboud, J. van Wyk, L. Ragone, G. Fusco","doi":"10.1177/13596535211073235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13596535211073235","url":null,"abstract":"Background This study compared the effectiveness and durability of DTG/RPV with commonly prescribed 3-drug regimens (3-DR) in people living with HIV (PLWH) in a real-world setting. Methods Antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced, virologically suppressed PLWH who initiated DTG/RPV or a 3-DR in 2018 were identified in the OPERA® database and followed through 6/30/2019. Virologic failure (two consecutive viral loads (VL) ≥ 200 copies/mL or single VL ≥ 200 copies/mL with regimen modification/discontinuation) and maintained virologic suppression (last VL test < 50 or < 200 copies/mL) were described. Kaplan–Meier methods were used to estimate time to virologic failure and treatment discontinuation. Risk of virologic failure was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, risk of infection, region, baseline CD4 cell count, history of substance abuse or syphilis, and mortality risk score at baseline in a Cox model. Results PLWH initiating DTG/RPV were older and more likely to be Hispanic or have comorbidities than 3-DR initiators. DTG/RPV users experienced fewer discontinuations (15%) and were more likely to be suppressed at study end (98%) than 3-DR users (28% and 96%, respectively). Virologic failure was uncommon; rates per 100 person-years did not differ between the DTG/RPV (1.45, 95% CI: 0.69, 3.03) and 3-DR (2.63, 95% CI: 2.21, 3.14) groups. The risk of virologic failure did not differ significantly between the groups in adjusted Cox models (adjusted hazard ratio 1.32, 95% CI: 0.61, 2.89). Conclusions The findings of this real-world OPERA® study suggest that DTG/RPV can be a viable alternative to standard 3-DRs for ART-experienced, virologically suppressed PLWH.","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45072224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A baseline model including quantitative anti-HBc to predict response of peginterferon in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients","authors":"Yuqing Fang, Xiaoyan Xu, F. Hou, Wei Jia","doi":"10.1177/13596535211059895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13596535211059895","url":null,"abstract":"Background Few models to predict antiviral response of peginterferon were used in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B patients and the prediction efficacy was unsatisfied. Quantitative antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) is a new predictor of treatment response. We aimed to develop a new model to identify HBeAg-positive Chinese patients who were more likely to respond to peginterferon. Methods Data from 140 peginterferon recipients with HBeAg-positive were applied with generalized additive models and multiple logistic regression analysis to develop a baseline scoring system to predict serological response (SR: HBeAg loss and HBeAg seroconversion 24 weeks post-treatment) and combined response (CR: SR plus serum HBV DNA levels <2000 IU/mL 24 weeks post-treatment). Results Anti-HBc levels, alanine aminotransferase ratio, and HBeAg were retained in the final model. The new model scored from 0 to 3. Among patients with scores of 0, 1, or ≥2, SR was achieved in 6.45% (2/31), 13.21% (7/51), and 55.36% (31/56), respectively, and CR in 3.23% (1/31), 9.43% (5/53), and 25.00% (14/56), respectively. Our model has a higher AUROC for SR comparing to Chan’s (Z = 2.77 > 1.96, p < 0.05) and Lampertico’s (Z = 2.06 > 1.96, p < 0.05) model. The negative predictive value for SR and CR were both 100% in patients with score 0 and hepatitis B surface antigen ≥20,000 IU/mL at week 12. Conclusions Patients with higher scores at baseline were more likely to respond to peginterferon. This new model may predict the treatment response.","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"126 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46812543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of rilpivirine in combination with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV-1 infected patients: 336-week rollover study of phase 2b and 3 clinical studies","authors":"J. Molina, L. Ene, P. Cahn, G. Fätkenheuer, E. van Wijngaerden, J. Lombaard, N. Zakharova, V. van Eygen, S. Vanveggel, R. van Solingen-Ristea","doi":"10.1177/13596535211062388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13596535211062388","url":null,"abstract":"Background To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of rilpivirine (RPV), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), in combination with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients. Methods RPV-treated HIV-infected patients from phase 2b or 3 studies rolled-over into this phase 3, open-label study and received RPV 25 mg once daily (QD) with choice of two NRTIs. Adverse events (AEs), plasma viral load, CD4+ cell count, and antiviral resistance were evaluated. Results Of the 482 patients treated, 437 (>90%) patients discontinued study treatment; 371 (77%) had switched to commercially available RPV, 14 (2.9%) discontinued due to AEs, and 6 (1.2%) had virologic failure. In this rollover study, patients were followed up to week 336, although data was limited beyond 288 weeks. Forty-five (9.3%) patients were still undergoing treatment at the time of data cut-off for the current analysis (8 February 2018). The most frequently reported AEs were pregnancy in 7 (1.5%) patients and syphilis in 5 (1.0%) patients. Grade 3–4 AEs were reported in 17 (3.5%) patients, and AEs possibly related to RPV in 23 (4.8%) patients. Over 288 weeks of treatment, 80.1% (95% CI: 74.9%; 84.3%) of patients maintained virologic suppression (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL). The absolute CD4+ cell count increased over time until week 192 and remained constant thereafter. Conclusions RPV 25 mg QD in combination with an investigator-selected background regimen of two NRTIs demonstrated sustained long-term virologic suppression. The treatment was well-tolerated with no new safety findings.","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"95 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45063080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HBV co-infection is associated with persistently elevated liver stiffness measurement in HIV-positive adults: A 6-year single-centre cohort study in Nigeria","authors":"A. Rivera, Stephen Machenry, Jonathan Okpokwu, B. Olatunde, Placid Ugoagwu, M. Auwal, H. Sule, P. Agaba, O. Agbaji, C. Thio, Robert L Murphy, C. Hawkins","doi":"10.1177/13596535211058262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13596535211058262","url":null,"abstract":"Background In Nigeria, the effect of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) on long-term liver outcomes in persons with HIV (PLH) has not been described. We determined changes in liver stiffness measure (LSM) using transient elastography over 6 years in HIV mono-infected and HIV-HBV co-infected Nigerians initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) and factors associated with LSM decline. Methods This single centre, cohort study enrolled ART-naïve HIV mono- and HIV-HBV co-infected adults (≥18 years) at the APIN Public Health Initiatives–supported HIV Care and Treatment Centre at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, from 7/2011 to 2/2012. LSM at baseline, Years 3 and 6 were analysed using longitudinal models to estimate changes over time and their predictors. Results Data from 100 (31%) HIV-HBV co-infected and 225 (69%) HIV mono-infected participants were analysed. Median LSM at baseline was 6.10 (IQR: 4.60–7.90) kPa in co-infected and 5.10 (IQR: 4.40–6.10) kPa in mono-infected participants. In adjusted analyses, average LSM was not significantly different between Year 0 and 3 (β = 0.02, −0.22 to 0.26, p = 0.87 and Year 0 and 6 (β = −0.02, −0.23 to 0.27, p = 0.88) in both groups (p>0.05), but co-infected participants had significantly higher LSM than mono-infected throughout follow-up (β = 0.018, 0.019–0.28, p < 0.001). Year 3 LSM differed according to ART initiation status by Year 3 (initiators - non-initiators: −0.87, −1.70 to −0.29). Conclusion In this cohort, LSM remained higher among HIV-HBV co-infected versus HIV mono-infected participants throughout follow-up. Our findings emphasize the continuing need for monitoring of liver outcomes in HIV-HBV co-infected populations on ART and the importance of preventing HBV infection among PLH to optimize liver health.","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"106 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46096286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of three galenic forms of lamivudine in young West African children living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus","authors":"C. Pressiat, Evelyne Dainguy, J. Treluyer, C. Yonaba, S. Urien, F. Eboua, F. Foissac, D. Dahourou, N. Bouazza, K. Malateste, Sophie Desmonde, A. Pruvost, V. Leroy, D. Hirt, The Anrs-Pediacam Study Group","doi":"10.1177/13596535211058267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13596535211058267","url":null,"abstract":"Background Few pharmacokinetic data were reported on dispersible tablets despite their increasing use. One hundred fifty HIV-infected children receiving lamivudine were enrolled in the MONOD ANRS 12,206 trial. Three galenic forms were administered: liquid formulation, tablet form and dispersible scored tablet. Method HIV-infected children <4 years old were enrolled in the MONOD ANRS 12,206 trial designed to assess the simplification of a successful 12-months lopinavir-based antiretroviral treatment with efavirenz. Lamivudine plasma concentrations were analysed using nonlinear mixed effects modelling approach. Results One hundred and fifty children (age: 2.5 years (1.9–3.2), weight 11.1 (9.5–12.5) kg (median (IQR)) were included in this study. Over the study period, 79 received only the syrup form, 29 children switched from syrup form to tablet 3TC/AZT form, 36 from syrup to the orodispersible ABC/3TC form and two from the 3TC/AZT form to the orodispersible ABC/3TC form. The 630 lamivudine concentrations were best described by a two-compartment model allometrically scaled. Galenic form had no significant effect on 3TC pharmacokinetic. Conclusion This trial provided an opportunity to compare three galenic forms (liquid formulation, tablet form and dispersible scored tablet) of lamivudine in the target population of young HIV–1-infected children. Galenic form had no significant effect on lamivudine pharmacokinetics.","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"134 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42982142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of new cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors on human cytomegalovirus replication in vitro","authors":"D. Andouard, R. Guèye, S. Hantz, C. Fagnère, B. Liagre, L. Bernardaud, C. Pouget, JL Duroux, S. Alain","doi":"10.1177/13596535211064078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13596535211064078","url":null,"abstract":"Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is involved in complications on immunocompromised patients. Current therapeutics are associated with several drawbacks, such as nephrotoxicity. Purpose: As HCMV infection affects inflammation pathways, especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production via cyclooxygenase 2 enzyme (COX-2), we designed 2'-hydroxychalcone compounds to inhibit human cytomegalovirus. Study design We first selected the most efficient new synthetic chalcones for their effect against COX-2-catalyzed PGE2. Study sample Among the selected compounds, we assessed the antiviral efficacy against different HCMV strains, such as the laboratory strain AD169 and clinical strains (naïve or multi-resistant to conventional drugs) and toxicity on human cells. Results The most efficient and less toxic compound (chalcone 7) was tested against HCMV in combination with other antiviral molecules: artesunate (ART), baicalein (BAI), maribavir (MBV), ganciclovir (GCV), and quercetin (QUER) using Compusyn software. Association of chalcone 7 with MBV and BAI is synergistic, antagonistic with QUER, and additive with GCV and ART. Conclusion These results provide a promising search path for potential bitherapies against HCMV.","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"117 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47101212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical cidofovir for benign human papillomavirus–associated skin lesions","authors":"L. Napolitano, Liesl Schroedl, Alexander Kerman, C. Shea","doi":"10.1177/13596535211059889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13596535211059889","url":null,"abstract":"Cidofovir is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that has shown efficacy against skin lesions caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). We present a case of extensive verruca vulgaris lesions refractory to imiquimod that was responsive to topical cidofovir therapy, and analyze other case series in the literature of successful treatment of benign HPV-associated skin lesions with topical cidofovir. Topical cidofovir’s favorable response rate and tolerability make it a useful treatment option for patients of differing ages and immune status who have nonmalignant HPV-associated skin lesions and desire topical therapy.","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"141 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49135838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Markers of immune activation and inflammation in individuals with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection","authors":"M. Peluso, S. Lu, A. Tang, M. Durstenfeld, Hsi-en Ho, S. Goldberg, C. Forman, S. Munter, R. Hoh, V. Tai, A. Chenna, B. C. Yee, J. W. Winslow, C. Petropoulos, B. Greenhouse, P. Hunt, P. Hsue, J. N. Martin, J. D. Kelly, D. Glidden, S. Deeks, T. Henrich","doi":"10.1101/2021.07.09.21260287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.09.21260287","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The biological processes associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) are unknown. METHODS: We measured soluble markers of inflammation in a SARS-CoV-2 recovery cohort at early (<90 days) and late (>90 days) timepoints. We defined PASC as the presence of one or more COVID-19-attributed symptoms beyond 90 days. We compared fold-changes in marker values between those with and without PASC using mixed effects models with terms for PASC and early and late recovery time periods. RESULTS: During early recovery, those who went on to develop PASC generally had higher levels of cytokine biomarkers including TNF-alpha (1.14-fold higher mean ratio, 95%CI 1.01-1.28, p=0.028) and IP-10 (1.28-fold higher mean ratio, 95%CI 1.01-1.62, p=0.038). Among those with PASC, there was a trend toward higher IL-6 levels during early recovery (1.28-fold higher mean ratio, 95%CI 0.98-1.70, p=0.07) which became more pronounced in late recovery (1.44-fold higher mean ratio, 95%CI: 1.11-1.86, p<0.001). These differences were more pronounced among those with a greater number of PASC symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent immune activation may be associated with ongoing symptoms following COVID-19. Further characterization of these processes might identify therapeutic targets for those experiencing PASC.","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42567269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of oral JNJ-64794964, a TLR-7 agonist, in healthy adults.","authors":"E. Gane, M. Pastagia, U. Schwertschlag, A. de Creus, C. Schwabe, J. Vandenbossche, L. Slaets, B. Fevery, Ilham Smyej, L. Wu, Rui Li, S. Siddiqui, A. Oey, C. Musto, P. van Remoortere","doi":"10.1177/13596535211056581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13596535211056581","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000This Phase I, two-part, first-in-human study assessed safety/tolerability and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of single-ascending doses (SAD) and multiple doses (MD) of the oral toll-like receptor-7 agonist, JNJ-64794964 (JNJ-4964) in healthy adults.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000In the SAD phase, participants received JNJ-4964 0.2 (N = 6), 0.6 (N = 6), 1.25 (N = 8) or 1.8 mg (N = 6) or placebo (N = 2/dose cohort) in a fasted state. Food effect was evaluated for the 1.25 mg cohort following ≥6 weeks washout. In the MD phase, participants received JNJ-4964 1.25 mg (N = 6) or placebo (N = 2) weekly (fasted) for 4 weeks. Participants were followed-up for 4 weeks.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000No serious adverse events (AEs) occurred. 10/34 (SAD) and 5/8 (MD) participants reported mild-to-moderate (≤Grade 2), transient, reversible AEs possibly related to JNJ-4964. Five (SAD) participants had fever/flu-like AEs, coinciding with interferon-α serum levels ≥100 pg/mL and lymphopenia (<1 × 109/L), between 24-48 h after dosing and resolving approximately 96 h after dosing. One participant (MD) had an asymptomatic Grade 1 AE of retinal exudates (cotton wool spots) during follow-up, resolving 6 weeks after observation. JNJ-4964 exhibited dose-proportional pharmacokinetics, with rapid absorption (tmax 0.5-0.75 h) and distribution, and a long terminal half-life (150-591 h). Overall, no significant differences in JNJ-4964 pharmacokinetic parameters were observed in the fed versus fasted state. JNJ-4964 dose-dependently and transiently induced cytokines with potential anti-HBV activity, including interferon-α, IP-10, IL-1 RA, and/or MCP-1, and interferon-stimulated genes (ISG15, MX1, and OAS1) in serum.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000In healthy adults, JNJ-4964 was generally well-tolerated, exhibited dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and induced cytokines/ISGs, with possible anti-HBV activity.","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"26 3-5 1","pages":"58-68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42985887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-life findings on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV care","authors":"A. Ciccullo, G. Baldin, A. Borghetti, S. Di Giambenedetto","doi":"10.1177/13596535211052215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13596535211052215","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly reshaping the organization of healthcare systems worldwide, prompting the creation of COVID-19–dedicated wards and services at the expense of pre-existing structures. European countries are now facing the “second wave” of the COVID-19 epidemic, with increasing numbers of cases and deaths; hence, people with chronic conditions, including those living with HIV (PLWHIV), are struggling to maintain their routine disease management, resulting in missed medical visits and the risk of lower adherence to treatment. In our clinical center in Rome, Italy, we conducted a retrospective study aimed at observing how PLWHIV were followed-up during the “first wave” of the COVID-19 epidemic in the country and during the national lockdown from March 9 to May 28, 2020. We analyzed all treatment-experienced, virologically suppressed PLWHIV who had had at least one visit between March 10 and June 1, 2020, and collected viroimmunological parameters. We compared this group of PLWHIV with the patients observed over the same period in 2019. Our primary aim was to assess the rate of virological failures (VF, defined as two consecutive HIVRNA ≥ 50 copies/mL or a single HIV-RNA ≥ 1000 copies/mL). Predictors of VF were assessed using Cox regression analysis. Regarding the 2020 group, data from 341 patients were analyzed: 235 (68.9%) were males, with a median age of 54 years (Interquartile range = 46–60), a median time from HIV diagnosis of 16.1 years (IQR = 7.6–23.8), and a median time of virological suppression of 82.4 months (IQR = 31.1–142.9). With regard to antiretroviral therapy, 149 patients (43.7%) were on a 2NRTI+INI regimen, 74 (21.7%) were on 2NRTI+NNRTI, 70 (20.5%) were on a dual regimen with DTG+3 TC, 22 (6.5%) were on a regimen with 2NRTI+bPI, and 26 (7.6%) were on other regimens. Regarding the 2019 group, data from 1066 patients were available. All patients’ characteristics and differences between groups are shown in Table 1. During 184.3 Patient-Years of Follow-Up (PYFU) of the 2020 group, we observed 23 VF, a rate of 12.5 per 100 PYFU. In patients experiencing VF, we performed a genotypic test to investigate acquired mutations: among the 23 analyzed individuals, two of them, both on a 2NRTI+raltegravir (RAL) strategy, presented newly discovered mutations (one had both the 138K and the 148R mutations and the other had the 155H mutation) conferring resistance to RAL. Interestingly, patients on a dual regimen had significantly less probability of showing VF compared to patients on 3+ drug regimens: 6-month probability of remaining virologically suppressed was 98.8% vs 90.5%, respectively (log-rank p = 0.031). In the calendar period of 2019, we observed 50 VF during 675 PYFU, a rate of 7.4 per 100 PYFU. Time of virological suppression (aHR = 0.96 per month longer, 95%CI 0.95–0.98, p < 0.001) emerged as the only","PeriodicalId":8364,"journal":{"name":"Antiviral Therapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"84 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44963894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}