Annals Of Work Exposures and Health最新文献

{"title":"Response to: Letter to the Editor-Productivity as an efficacy measure in rest-shade-hydration interventions: the need for a more complete dissemination and implementation science approach by Dally M and Newman LS.","authors":"Erik Hansson, Kristina Jakobsson, Jason R Glaser, Catharina Wesseling, Denis Chavarria, Rebekah A I Lucas, Heath Prince, David H Wegman","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae046","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxae046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":"668-671"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141236898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of European chemical manufacturing companies in promoting effective communication of conditions of safe use by workers.","authors":"Jan Urbanus, Evelyn Tjoe Nij, Cornelia Tietz","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae042","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxae042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2006, the revised chemicals management legislation mandated that manufacturers of hazardous chemical substances conduct risk assessments for the entire substance life cycle. Additionally, they must communicate use-specific safe handling advice (exposure scenarios) to their customer, as annex to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS). Despite significant efforts to develop workable solutions for chemical mixtures, this goal has not yet been fully achieved. Therefore, a Cefic research project (LRI B23) was commissioned on how to ensure meaningful health risk communication for workers across supply chains. The research project determined that risk-based safe use advice generated by manufacturers, often does not reach the intended end-user and was seen as not tailored to specific user needs. Recipients of the advice are also not prepared to act based on information developed by suppliers. From an industry perspective, the complexity of supply chains and substance life cycles are considered major barriers for effective safe use communication. Exposure scenarios for substance use in industrial work environments are often perceived as adding little value compared to existing safe use arrangements required by other health, safety, and environmental legislation applicable to employers and duty-holders. To attain meaningful use-specific safe handling advice for workers, including those at non-industrial premises who may benefit most from such advice, knowledge transfer and close collaboration between manufacturers and formulators remain key elements, supported by enhanced regulatory appreciation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":"557-561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140954788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity as an efficacy measure in rest-shade-hydration interventions: the need for a more complete dissemination and implementation science approach.","authors":"Miranda Dally, Lee S Newman","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae044","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxae044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":"665-667"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141075133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with risk of diabetes: a cohort study from the United States.","authors":"Timothy A Matthews, Xinyue Liu, Liwei Chen, Jian Li","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxae034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) can reduce the risk of incident diabetes, whereas the role of occupational physical activity (OPA) in developing diabetes is still unclear due to conflicting evidence. Moreover, the joint associations of OPA and LTPA with incident diabetes among US workers have not yet been systematically examined. The objective of this study was to assess the independent and joint associations of OPA and LTPA with incident diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 1406 workers free from diabetes at baseline (2004-2006) from the national, population-based Mid-life in the United States (MIDUS) study. Associations of OPA and LTPA at baseline with incident diabetes during 9 years of follow-up were examined using Poisson regression models. High OPA was defined based on engagement in physical demands at work, and high LTPA was defined as participation in moderate or vigorous LTPA at least once per week.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High OPA was associated with an increased risk of diabetes compared to low OPA (adjusted risk ratios and 95% confidence interval = 1.52 [1.04, 2.22]), while high LTPA was associated with a decreased risk of diabetes compared to low LTPA (0.66 [0.44, 0.97]). Diabetes risk was the highest among workers with high OPA and low LTPA (2.30 [1.30, 4.07]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a national, population-based prospective cohort study of US workers, high OPA was associated with an elevated risk of diabetes, while high LTPA was associated with a decreased diabetes risk. The combination of high OPA and low LTPA exhibited the greatest risk of diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":"581-592"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the combined exposure to chemicals and unusual working hours.","authors":"Jenny-Anne S Lie, Shan Zienolddiny-Narui, Magne Bråtveit","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae033","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxae033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Both exposure to occupational chemicals and to unusual working hours have well documented effects on health. Determination of occupational exposure limits is, however, usually based on chemical-only exposure and assumes an 8-h workday, 5 days/week and a 40-h work week. A significant proportion of the workforce is exposed to chemicals while working in other work schedules. This review thus aimed to synthesize and evaluate the scientific support for a combined effect of unusual working hours and chemical exposure and, if possible, give recommendations for OEL adjustments to account for unusual working hours.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search for articles was made as part of the preparation of a report for the Nordic Expert Group for Criteria Documentation of Health Risks from Chemicals. In this report, unusual working hours were categorized as shift work or extended (>8 h) working hours. Inclusion criteria were observational studies in the English language published up to November 2021 in peer-reviewed journals, with explicit metrics of exposure (chemicals and unusual working hours) and of health outcome, and which explicitly tested the association between exposure and outcome. Search engines of seven databases were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the initially 15 400 identified papers, 9 studies published between 1985 and 2021 met the inclusion criteria, 7 of which showed significant associations. Results from a few of the studies, i.e. regarding effects of dust and endotoxin on lung function, effects of acetone on sleep quality and tiredness, effects of carbon disulphide on coronary artery disease and effects of chemicals on spontaneous abortion, suggested more pronounced effects during night shifts compared to during day shifts.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The reviewed data is considered insufficient to conclude on recommendations for OEL adjustment for shift work. Suggested areas of future studies are mentioned.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further studies about the effects of the combined exposure to unusual working hours and chemical exposure are essential for risk assessment, and for recommendation of potential OEL adjustments. What is important about this paper? Effects of chemical agents at the workplace may depend not only on exposure level and duration but also on the time of exposure in relation to the circadian rhythm. This study reviewed the scientific support for a combined effect of unusual working hours and chemical exposure and revealed an obvious need for additional studies regarding the complex interplay of the two different exposures with respect to adverse health effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":"647-656"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140847697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of authorisation process as a regulatory tool in the European REACH regulation: A study on improving occupational safety for applying companies.","authors":"Holger-Lars Deubner, Gudrun Walendzik, Andreas Lüdeke, Urs Schlüter","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxae032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study looks into the effectiveness of the authorisation procedure as a regulatory instrument within the framework of the European REACH regulation. It highlights its impact on enhancing occupational safety and health for both applicants and companies utilising the substances. This procedure encompasses manufacturers, importers, and downstream users of substances, as well as representatives of foreign manufacturers who are also eligible to seek authorisation. When applying for authorisation, the ECHA Risk Assessment Committee (RAC) assesses the risks associated with the intended uses of the substance, including the appropriateness and effectiveness of the Occupational Conditions (OCs) and Risk Management Measures (RMMs) described in the application and the risks posed by potential alternatives. If the RAC determines that the OCs/RMMs are inadequate for managing or controlling the risk, or if the measures to protect workers are deemed insufficient, it may recommend additional measures to enhance occupational safety and health or environmental protection. The 398 processed Applications for Authorisation (AfA) that have been submitted to date were examined to determine these recommended measures, categorised as Conditions for use, Monitoring arrangements, and Recommendations for Review Reports. Overall, a significant improvement concerning occupational safety and health seems necessary, as indicated by the large number of measures recommended by the ECHA Committee for Risk Assessment (RAC) and ECHA Committee for Socio-economic Analysis (SEAC) or supplemented by the European Commission. In addition to the proposed measures, a short assessment provided by the committees as to whether the operational conditions and risk management measures are adequate in controlling the risks is also included in the study.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":"617-625"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140891240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outdoor workers' perceptions of skin cancer prevention: a qualitative study.","authors":"Jeanne Ward, Frances Hardin-Fanning, Andrew Scott LaJoie, Lesley Harris, Anna Simpson","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae039","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxae039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Outdoor workers are at increased risk for skin cancer and melanoma. This qualitative study aimed to explore outdoor workers' perspectives and experiences of primary (i.e. sun protection) and secondary prevention, i.e. skin self-examination (SSE) of skin cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Purposive, snowball, and theoretical sampling was used to recruit outdoor workers in Kentucky and Indiana. Semi-structured interviews via telephone or videoconference of approximately 45 min were conducted with interviewer probes and questions about perceptions of cancer risk, prevention, and screening techniques conducted, perceived barriers and facilitators, and preferences for health dissemination venues. The recordings were transcribed verbatim and de-identified. Analysis involved constructivist grounded theory coding strategies. Using peer debriefing and consensus building around themes, the researcher established a codebook for all interviews to utilize within Dedoose software for systematizing and organizing data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen interviews were conducted. Interviewees (N = 18) ranged in age from 35 to 78 yr, with 3 females. Outdoor industries included agriculture, maintenance, and grounds maintenance. Themes derived from the data showed the underlying factors and perceptions that influence outdoor workers to conduct primary and secondary cancer prevention activities. The level of alarm attributed to disease and the level of trust in information contribute to intentions to conduct activities. The intentions and trust toward healthcare institutions and providers drive the primary or secondary prevention behaviors. Cultural and contextual factors included masculinity and self-sufficiency, familial and occupational priorities, and community ties.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data provide a basis for developing future communications and interventions to decrease skin cancer incidence in outdoor workers. They indicate that secondary prevention and building self-efficacy in conducting SSE should be emphasized in tandem or over primary skin cancer prevention methods in this population. Trusted local healthcare providers should primarily provide prevention information, and materials should utilize testimonials from the local community to best influence this population. Communications and training interventions are needed in this population to induce a proactive level of alarm about cancer and result in the performance of SSE.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":"636-646"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140920928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources of noise exposure across Australian workplaces: cross-sectional analysis and modelling the impact of a targeted noise-source reduction initiative.","authors":"Kate Lewkowski, Jane S Heyworth, Kahlia McCausland, Warwick Williams, Lin Fritschi","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae029","DOIUrl":"10.1093/annweh/wxae029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Workplace noise regulations and guidance follow the hierarchy of control model that prioritizes eliminating or reducing noise at its source.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the main sources of workplace noise exposure in the Australian working population and estimate the reduction of workers exposed over the noise limit (LAeq,8h > 85 dB) if noise levels of specific tools or equipment were reduced by 10 dB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Information on the tools used and tasks performed during each participant's last working shift was collected from 4,977 workers via telephone survey. Using a predetermined database of task-based noise levels, partial noise exposures (Pa2h) were determined for each noisy activity performed by the workers and their daily noise exposure level (LAeq,8h) was estimated. Partial exposures were categorized into 15 tool/task groups and the tally, average, and sum (Pa2h) for each group were calculated. The impacts of 5 different scenarios that simulated a reduction of 10 dB in noise emissions for specific tool groups were modelled.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Powered tools and equipment were responsible for 59.3% of all noise exposure (Pa2h); vehicles for 10.6%; mining, refineries, and plant equipment for 5.1%; and manufacturing and food processing for 4.2%. Modelling demonstrated that a 10 dBA noise-level reduction of all powered tools and equipment would lead to a 26.4% (95% confidence interval: 22.7% to 30.3%) reduction of workers with an LAeq,8h > 85 dB. This could represent over 350,000 Australian workers no longer exposed above the workplace limit daily.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A universal reduction of 10 dB to power tools and equipment would substantially reduce the future burden of hearing loss, tinnitus, workplace injuries, and other health effects. Initiatives to reduce the noise emissions of specific powered tool groups are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":" ","pages":"626-635"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141096902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"128 Assessing potential health risks from multi-exposure to chemicals in U.S. workplaces: findings from the OSHA database","authors":"Philippe Sarazin, Jean-François Sauvé, France Labrèche, Vikki Ho, Maude Pomerleau, Delphine Bosson-Rieutort, Jérôme Lavoué","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae035.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.060","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The combined effects of occupational exposure to multiple chemicals on health can be substantial. However, the most prevalent multi-exposure situations and their toxic effects remain understudied. We assessed the health risks from multi-exposure to chemicals in U.S. workplaces using the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) measurement database. Methods We analysed personal air measurements for the period 1971-2021 summarized by workplace situation (WS), corresponding to measurements taken for the same job title, within a company, within a year. We calculated hazard quotients (HQ) by dividing the agents’ concentrations by their ACGIH® threshold limit value. We calculated the mixtures’ hazard indices (HI) by summing the HQs of agents by combination of WS and toxicological class (n=24) using the MiXie tool, which identifies classes of toxic effects for &amp;gt;700 chemicals. Results We extracted 609,233 measurements of 206 chemicals from 162,473 WSs. Workers in 58,252 WSs were exposed to ≥2 agents, of which 21,563 had an HI&amp;gt;1, indicating overexposure for at least one toxicological class. Toxicological classes with the highest HIs among multi-exposed WSs were lower airway damage (median 0.41; interquartile interval 0.05-1.9; percentage of overexposed WSs 35%), ototoxicity (0.28; 0.04-1.1; 26%) and central nervous system (CNS) damage (0.26; 0.02-1.2; 28%). For these three classes respectively, the most frequent multi-exposures leading to high values of HI were manganese-iron oxides, toluene-xylene and manganese-lead. Conclusions Although the OSHA database does not necessarily represent a random sample of U.S. workplaces, our approach provides insights into the health risks of occupational exposures to prevalent chemical mixtures.","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"311 Lessons learned from R&D and industrial metal additive manufacturing","authors":"Maria Assenhöj, Stefan Ljunggren, Helen Karlsson","doi":"10.1093/annweh/wxae035.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.123","url":null,"abstract":"Metal additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D-printing, is an emerging state-of-the art technology with significant economic and practical advantages. Due to its relative short history, especially in industrial serial production, the knowledge regarding exposure and health risks is severely limited. To alleviate this, we have monitored the occupational exposure and potential health effects at both smaller R&amp;D-sites and at large-scale AM/powder production facilities. Exposure was monitored through stationary and personal sampling of total and inhalable dust followed by metal analysis. Particle counting instruments were used to identify dusty works tasks and to evaluate preventive measures. AM operators and controls underwent health examinations, including questionnaires, spirometry, and blood and urine sampling to measure exposure and clinical health markers. Exposure during printing were generally low but other aspects of the production chain were of greater concern regarding exposure risks: production of metal powder feedstock, handling of metal powder before/after print, and post-printing processes. During three research projects, we have seen a shift from a dusty work environment to a more safe-by-design approach throughout the AM process. Despite the AM operator’s relatively low exposure to dust and metals, we identified changes in a urinary marker for kidney function. However, this finding needs to be further evaluated. In summary, our studies into the relative new field of metal AM exposure and health effects provides a basis to help companies and operators handling these techniques to move toward safe working conditions.","PeriodicalId":8362,"journal":{"name":"Annals Of Work Exposures and Health","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141522142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}