Yeni tip tarihi arastirmalari = The new history of medicine studies最新文献

{"title":"[Health policy of the Republic of Turkey in accordance with the Minutes of the Turkish Parliament (part I)].","authors":"M Ozpekcan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Because of the invasion of the Ottoman territory after the World War I, the Turkish War of Liberty was initiated by Mustafa Kemal Pasha and his friends. While they aimed at a successful outcome of the battle, they at the same time tried to achieve a nation-wide organization. In order to look after the nation's medical and social service, on May 2nd 1920, a new ministry called the Ministry for Medical and Social Service was founded. The new ministry's task was not only to concern itself with the medical and social service, but also with immigration and of the immigrants. At the beginning the hitherto existing social system and certain laws were not abolished until they were replaced by new ones in order to prevent an interruption in the social service. In these years the aim of the social system was to struggle against infectious diseases, to prevent infections, to decrease infant mortality and to increase the population, to take measures against diseases from abroad, to pass the laws needed and to form a central authority. Besides these laws which were directly related with the medical and social service during the War of Liberty, the governing of the districts and the regulations concerning the miners in Zonguldak were passed in order to protect peoples' health. Our political existence was confirmed through the signing of the agreement reached by the Lausanne Conference after the War of Liberty and consequently the Medical Care Supreme Council of Istanbul, which had continued its validity as a capitulation, was abolished. The social state policy of the period which had started with the foundation of the Turkish Republic aimed to extend the state's medical staff, continue the employment of the health personnel specialized in medicine, struggle against infectious diseases in an organised way, provide a wide-spread medical service, give priority to preventive health care and establish medical institutions, effect a cooperation of these institutes, pass the necessary laws and establish state supervision in all fields. In the first ten years of the Republic, new schools and courses were started in order to increase the number of the medical staff to be sent to areas deprived of social service. In accordance with the Obligatory Service Law of 1923, doctors who were sent to eastern Turkey were provided with encouraging advantages. The organizational work and the laws concerning infectious diseases like malaria, syphilis and trachoma, which were wide-spread, was effective and successful from the year 1925 onwards when Dr. Refik Saydam was the Minister for Health. The meetings of the Turkish National Congresses on Medicine helped solve the nation's health problems and influenced the state's policy and the Health Ministry's activities. The aim was not merely the protection of peoples' health through education. In this period, many laws were passed with the aim to protect the nation's health and to ensure state control in every field. Some of these a","PeriodicalId":83561,"journal":{"name":"Yeni tip tarihi arastirmalari = The new history of medicine studies","volume":"7 ","pages":"105-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24037027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[On the etymology and the semantics of the medical term: Istiska'].","authors":"B Ozaltay,&nbsp;A Köşe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article deals with the etymology and semantics of the term istiska' which was interpreted as cirrhosis in some studies. The meaning of the term in the old medical texts and dictionaries was studied by quoting examples from original sources. It is concluded that istiska was used for dropsy, that is, an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in tissue or in a cavity of a body, such as the abdomen, pleura, thorax, peritoneum etc.; and in the 19th and 20th centuries it meant hydrax and, was used as the prefix hydr- or hydro-. The text also describes the various forms of istiska' found in the Turkish terminology.</p>","PeriodicalId":83561,"journal":{"name":"Yeni tip tarihi arastirmalari = The new history of medicine studies","volume":"7 ","pages":"11-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24037104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A bibliographical study on the hospitals of the Ottoman period].","authors":"A H Bayat","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a bibliography of the articles and books about the hospitals founded during the Ottoman empire period and it includes all of the related publications as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":83561,"journal":{"name":"Yeni tip tarihi arastirmalari = The new history of medicine studies","volume":"7 ","pages":"77-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24037025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Ancient Indian and Chinese medical oaths and the comparison of their medical rules].","authors":"S Aksoy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The art of medicine has existed on earth since the existence of mankind. Although the traditions and practices may vary, the mere intention has been to help people remain healthy and restore their health when they get sick. Since health is man's most important fortune, the medical profession has always been open to abuse or misuse. To prevent this, it came to be a tradition to bound health care professionals with oaths and codes. This article examines medical oaths and codes in two different Eastern traditions, namely China and India. Two different medical oaths from two major ancient Indian medical books, Charaka Samhita and Susuruta will be addressed and elaborated. They will be compared and contrasted with each other and their commons and differences from the other medical oaths will be examined. Chinese medical codes, one from the 7th and the other from the 17th century are reviewed in the article. It has appeared from the discussion that although there are some 'unchangeables' in the codes and oaths, like the reference to some sacred or transcendental being or commitment to show respect to the teachers, there are differences due to the time and place. It is also interesting to note how medical practice and its values are influenced by the respective society.</p>","PeriodicalId":83561,"journal":{"name":"Yeni tip tarihi arastirmalari = The new history of medicine studies","volume":"7 ","pages":"65-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24037023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Dermatological diseases and treatment described in the Turkish manuscripts (XIV-XVth centuries) (part II)].","authors":"M Tokaç","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study deals with skin diseases described in the earliest compiled or translated Turkish medical manuscripts of the 14th and 15th centuries in Anatolia. The manuscripts studied are: Müntehab-i Sifa, Edviye-i Müfrede, Tervihü'l-Ervah, Yadigâr, Cerrahiyyetü'l-Haniyye, Kamilü's-Sinaatü't-Tibbiye Tercü-mesi, Kitab-i Müntehab-i fi't-Tibb, Haza'inü's-Sa'adat, Akrabadin Tercümesi, Mücerrebname, Müfredât-i Ibn-i Baytar Tercümesi, Tuhfe-i Mübarizi and Tuhfe-i Muradi. The skin diseases known at that time are studied under the following topics: Cüderi (Ciçek, Variola, Small-pox); Hasbe (Kizamik, Rubeola, Measles); Cüzzam (Lepra, Leprosy, Hansen's disease); Demregü (Temriye, Dermatophtosis, Tinea corporis); Behak (There are two types: the white and the black; the black is Addison's disease); Baras (Ala, Vitilio); Nemle (Isirga, Makül); Ateş paresi (Nar-i farisi, frunculosis); Cemre (Kara kabarcik, Sirpençe, Karbonkül, Carbuncle); Caversiye (Kabarcik hastaliği, blisters disease); Sivilceler (Various types of pimples; Humre: Yilancik, Erizipel, Erysipelas, St. Anthony's fire; Başbert: Ciban, Fronkül, Boil, Fruncle; Dümmel: Kan çibani, Abse, Abscess); Abile (Kabarcik, Bule); Seretan (Kanser, Cancer); Hanazir (Siraca, Scrofuloderma); Akile (Yinürbaş, Gangren); Kurdeşen (Urtiker, Urticeria); Uyuz (Gale, Scabies); Giciyik (Kaşinti, Pruritus); Sa'fe (Konak, Seboreik dermatit, Scurf; Kel (Alopesi, Favus); Evram (Sişler, Urlar, Tumours); Yara (Karha, Cerahat, Wound). The terminology and symptoms of these diseases are studied and tried to find their equivalents of today. The causes and the treatment of the skin diseases known then are presented. The second part of Tokaç's article continues to deal with the etiology, symptoms and treatment of dermatological diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":83561,"journal":{"name":"Yeni tip tarihi arastirmalari = The new history of medicine studies","volume":"7 ","pages":"161-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24036345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The biography and work of Prof. Dr. Burhaneddin Toker-on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of his death].","authors":"E Göksoy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":83561,"journal":{"name":"Yeni tip tarihi arastirmalari = The new history of medicine studies","volume":"7 ","pages":"387-431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24036353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Mental diseases described in \"Seririyat-i Akliye Desleri\", a work of Raşit Tahsin (Tuğsavul)].","authors":"M Sehiralti","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reşit Tahsin (Tuğsavul) is a well known Turkish psychiatrist. He was sent to Germany to study psychiatry and neurology and on his return he started to lecture in the Military Faculty of Medicine. Thus, courses on neurology and psychiatry, formerly carried out under the title of \"asabiye\", as a part of the internal medicine courses, became an independent course called \"Emraz-i Akliye ve Asabiye\". Reşit Tahsin's book \"Seririyat-i Akliye Dersleri\" was published in 1336 (1920). The book consists of two parts; and in the first part, mental diseases are classified and dealt with. In the foreword, Reşit Tahsin, notes that, in composing the first part of his book, he utilized a book of Emil Kraepelin whom he had worked with in Germany. The second part of the book is devoted to cases presented to the medical students. The history of each case, observations of the patients and their diseases, the method of differentiating diagnosis and the prognosis and treatment of diseases are discussed. In the foreword, the author also states that he disregarded the usual composing of medical books of his time; and he preferred to write his book as cynical lectures, after the way in Europe. He adds that be expected this to be an example for books similar to those written by \"European masters\". In the introduction, the need for and the aim of education on mental diseases is explained. Detailed information on the social aspects of psychiatric patients is also given. This book consists of 56 lectures to medical students and meanwhile it provides information about the psychiatry education during the period.</p>","PeriodicalId":83561,"journal":{"name":"Yeni tip tarihi arastirmalari = The new history of medicine studies","volume":"7 ","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24037018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A review of Sanizade Mehmed Ataullah Efendi's book: Kanunü'l Cerrahin].","authors":"N K Kurt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sanizade, who lived in the first half of the 19th century, is an important physician for his great contributions to the Ottoman Medicine, by transferring European medical knowledge. He has important books concerning history, as well as medicine. In one of his works on medicine, Hamse-i Sanizade, a work of five volumes, the volume titled Kanunü'l Cerrahin (the Law of Surgery), deals with surgery. Written in 1810s, the book could be published only in 1828, after Sanizade's death. In the introduction of the book, diseases necessitating surgery and surgical operations are described in brief. In the part concerning diseases requiring surgery; swellings, diseases of the uro-genital organs, hard and soft tumors, injuries and wounds and methods of their treatment are dealt with. As an additional part, orthopedical disorders, such as fractures, dislocations and other skeletal disorders are described. Surgical operations are written aiming to train in the field. The book is not composed in the classical style of the Ottoman surgery books, which implies that the book might be a translation from an Italian work or it may be an anthology.</p>","PeriodicalId":83561,"journal":{"name":"Yeni tip tarihi arastirmalari = The new history of medicine studies","volume":"6 ","pages":"237-337"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24034990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Poisons and antidotes according to Gunyetü'l Muhassilin and an 18th century Ottoman pamphlet].","authors":"R Tuğ","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study deals with the chapter on poisons (Sümum) of Gunyetü'l-Muhassilin, a translation, and a pamphlet on antidotes called Panzehir, by Ahmed Sani, one of the most prominent figures of the Ottoman physicians. As a foreword, the terminology related with the subject; and an introduction to the Islamic medical theory, the basis of the subject, is discussed. The main topics on poisons are; protection against and treatment of poisons; being poisoned by the sting of insects, snakes etc. and diseases such as rabies, as a result of bites of animals and their treatment; treatment of poisoned suppuration; insecticide drugs and measures; and common drugs against all kinds of poisons. Immunization and nutrition with respect to being poisoned; and preventive measures against insects; and mineral and organic antidotes are also discussed. The classification of diseases and treatment ase evaluated on the humoral theory basis. The treatment of insect poisoning is viewed from the perspective of its symptoms. The pamphlet named Panzehir is about a special antidote, the bezoar stone. This antidote is divided into two, of the mineral and the animal origin and the uses of the bezoar are discussed. A vocabulary is added to help readers to understand the terminology.</p>","PeriodicalId":83561,"journal":{"name":"Yeni tip tarihi arastirmalari = The new history of medicine studies","volume":"6 ","pages":"95-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24034988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The comparison of the two Ottoman books of anatomy (17-19th centuries) with regard to the circulatory system].","authors":"E Uluçam,&nbsp;N Gökçe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>17th and 19th centuries were particularly important for the development of the Ottoman medicine. Westernization which had already started in the 17th century continued along the 19th and the early 20th centuries. Turkish physicians began to contact with their European colleagues and in this period Latin medical terminology began to appear in the Ottoman medical literature. Sirvanli Semseddin Itaki's work of the 17th century, the Teşrihü'l Ebdan ve Tercüman-i Kibale-i Feylesufan, is the first illustrated Turkish manuscript of anatomy. The illustrations are qualified as developed examples, compared with the medical literature and knowledge of the period. In the 19th century, Sanizade Mehmet Ataullah Efendi (1771-1826) wrote a modern book of anatomy for the Ottoman medical doctors. Miyarü'l Etibba was one of the earliest printed medical books in Turkish. The second volume of Sanizade's Hamse, Miratü'l Ebdan fi Teşrih-i Azai'l Insan is the first printed Ottoman book on anatomy. In Usulü't-Tabia, the third volume of Hamse, the circulatory system is discussed. In this article, we studied the circulatory system described in Semseddin Itaki's Teşrih-ül Ebdan ve Tercüman-i Kibale-i Feylesufan and in Sanizade's Usulü't-Tabia and compared them.</p>","PeriodicalId":83561,"journal":{"name":"Yeni tip tarihi arastirmalari = The new history of medicine studies","volume":"6 ","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24034987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}