Applied Organometallic Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Harnessing Temperature-Dependent Breathing Behaviour in Aluminium-Based MOF for Enhanced Congo Red Dye Removal","authors":"Rania Essam,&nbsp;Sayed R. Abdel-Hafeez,&nbsp;M. M. EL-Rabiei,&nbsp;Nagwa Burham,&nbsp;M. F. El-Shahat,&nbsp;Ahmed Radwan","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A novel and efficient strategy for dye adsorption is provided by unlocking the temperature-dependent breathing behaviour of aluminium-based metal–organic frameworks (Al-MOF). Distinct from conventional MOF adsorption studies, this research uniquely elucidates the dynamic structural adaptations of Al-MOFs that enable the accommodation of large dye molecules, specifically Congo red (CR). Hydrothermally synthesised Al-MOFs—extensively characterised to confirm exceptional crystallinity, high porosity (BET surface area of 173 m² g⁻¹), and thermal stability—exhibit a remarkable temperature-responsive ‘breathing’ mechanism. Elevated temperatures induce reversible phase transitions from narrow to large pores, resulting in a significant expansion of pore volume that dramatically enhances CR adsorption, achieving a maximum capacity of 223.8 mg g⁻¹. The adsorption behaviour conforms to the Langmuir model (R² &gt; 0.990) and follows pseudo–second-order kinetics (R² = 0.993), confirming homogeneous chemisorption. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the adsorption process is both spontaneous (ΔG° &lt; 0 at ≥ 303 K) and endothermic (ΔH° = +82.06 kJ mol⁻¹, ΔS° = +271.7 J mol⁻¹ K⁻¹), further substantiating the role of the breathing mechanism. Importantly, the Al-MOF demonstrates outstanding reusability, retaining over 90% adsorption efficiency after five cycles. These findings firmly establish temperature-responsive breathing Al-MOFs as transformative, thermodynamically favourable, and highly reusable adsorbents, offering a promising solution for the advanced environmental remediation of hazardous dye pollutants.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of a New Copper Complex Supported on Magnetic Nanoparticles Fe3O4@THAM@PCH and Its Performance in the Synthesis of 2-Amino-3-Cyano Pyridines and Pyrano[2,3-d] Pyrimidines","authors":"Raheleh Keshani,&nbsp;Nourallah Hazeri,&nbsp;Homayoun Faroughi Niya,&nbsp;Maryam Fatahpour","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research introduces a simple method for sequential modification of ferrite nanoparticles. A novel, reusable, and green nanomagnetic heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized by immobilizing copper onto Fe₃O₄@THAM@PCH. Finally, it was used as a powerful and new catalyst in the synthesis of derivatives 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine and pyrano[2,3-<i>d</i>] pyrimidine. In the fabrication of Fe₃O₄@THAM@PCH-CuⅡ magnetic nanoparticles, the incorporation of tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM) demonstrated its efficacy as a cost-effective and easily accessible coating for Fe₃O₄ in comparison to materials previously documented in the literature. The catalyst underwent comprehensive characterization through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), thermogravimetric (TGA), and map analysis. The present method, known as the green method, has advantages such as a simple operational approach, high product efficiency, mild reaction conditions, minimal chemical side products, and short reaction time. The synthesized nanocatalyst can be recycled up to 5 steps without a noticeable decrease in its activity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of GO/Ni/Y-MOFs via Microwave-Assisted Ball Milling and the Removal of Tetracycline Hydrochloride From Aqueous Solutions","authors":"Fuhua Wei,&nbsp;Min Li,&nbsp;Qinhui Ren,&nbsp;Qin Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Shang,&nbsp;Diaodiao Zhang,&nbsp;Lanyan Tian,&nbsp;Zhao Liang","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this research, GO/Ni/Y-MOFs were successfully prepared using a microwave-assisted ball milling (MABM) technique. 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid was utilized as the organic linker, while nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate and yttrium(III) acetate hydrate acted as the metal sources. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesized materials were examined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements. These materials were subsequently employed to evaluate their efficiency in removing tetracycline hydrochloride from solution. Experimental findings revealed that adding 200 mg of GO/Ni/Y-MOFs to a solution with an initial concentration of 50 mg/L tetracycline hydrochloride resulted in a remarkable removal efficiency of 87.3% within 2 h. To better understand the kinetic behavior of this process, both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were investigated. It was observed that the experimental data correlated more closely with the pseudo-second-order model predictions. Furthermore, Langmuir, and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to analyze the adsorption characteristics under isothermal conditions. Notably, the experimental results showed a better fit with the Freundlich isotherm compared with the Langmuir isotherm. Based on these experiments, it was concluded that GO/Ni/Y-MOFs exhibit a maximum adsorption capacity for tetracycline hydrochloride at pH 8, reaching up to 375.8 mg/g within 5 h. Overall, our results demonstrate that GO/Ni/Y-MOFs are highly effective for the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride, both theoretically and experimentally.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closely Contacted Multi-Sulfides of Ag2S/ZnS/ZIS/In2S3: In Situ Synthesis From Ternary ZIF-8@MIL-68(In)@Ag-MOF and Visible-Light Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution","authors":"Haibo Hu,&nbsp;Ji Huang,&nbsp;Siyuan Chai,&nbsp;Xia Zhang","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70126","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The multiple metal sulfides with closely contacted interface demonstrate superior photocatalytic activity due to the efficient charge transfer, excellent visible light response ability, and the ideal photocatalytic stability. In this paper, a ternary metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) (ZIF-8@MIL-68(In)@Ag-MOF) was designed as the precursor to precisely construct the multiple metal sulfides of Ag₂S/ZnS/ZIS/In₂S₃ through an in situ one-step sulfurization strategy. The sulfurization process was controlled to preserve the three-dimensional porous architecture of MIL-68(In), and the hollow hierarchical tubes were readily produced due to the sulfurization occurred inner and outer ternary MOFs simultaneously. In the process, the In₂S₃ was generated; firstly, then, the ZnS and Ag₂S was formed; meanwhile, the ZnIn₂S₄ (ZIS) was readily produced at the interface of ZnS and In₂S₃ because of the naturally metal ions exchange. The as-synthesized multiple metal sulfides (named as Z@M@A-<i>t</i>, where <i>t</i> represents the sulfurization time) were used in visible light–induced photocatalytic hydrogen generation. It is shown that the best hydrogen evolution rate is 794.83 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ by Z@M@A-24, which values are evidently higher than that of the ternary MOF precursor. The electrochemical analyses were conducted to clarify the charge transfer route and the enhanced photocatalytic mechanism. It is proven that the closely contacted junction works well in the interface electron transfer. And, the good reusability of Z@M@A-24 heterostructure was also presented. The work highlights the prospect applications of multi-MOF-derived heterostructure for efficient hydrogen production under visible light irradiation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Investigation of a Non-Centrosymmetric Tetrachlorocobaltate (II) Hybrid, in the Presence of Two Distinct Pyridine Molecules","authors":"Sarra Bougossa,&nbsp;Najla Karâa,&nbsp;Ali Ben Ahmed,&nbsp;Besma Hamdi","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel compound, (C₆H₅N₂)(C₆H₇N₂O)[CoCl₄], crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric space group (Cc). It displays a unique arrangement resulting from the presence of two distinct monoprotonated organic molecules (C₆H₅N₂)⁺ and (C₆H₇N₂O)⁺, as well as isolated tetrachlorocobaltate (II). The cohesion between these organic and inorganic edifices is ensured by the presence of hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions, which are analyzed in more detail by Hirshfeld surface analysis. This paper also presents experimental results from FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy, discussing the vibrational modes of the different groups present in this compound. Additionally, the article includes a theoretical analysis using density functional theory DFT calculations.</p><p>The optical study, by UV–Visible absorption, shows a wide band gap exceeding 2.00 eV. The significant β value indicates that the new compound is a promising material for non-linear optical devices. When excited with 375 nm light, the system exhibits bright yellow and orange emissions in aggregated states, which effectively serve as building blocks of white light. This emission, located approximately in the saturated white light region, corresponds to CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.3978, 0.4178).</p>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/aoc.70123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Transition Metal Coordination Crystals With Tetramethylethylenediamine and Aromatic Carboxylic Acids","authors":"Muhammad Nawaz Tahir,&nbsp;Muhammad Ashfaq,&nbsp;Muhammad Usman Khan,&nbsp;Khurram Shahzad Munawar,&nbsp;Saltanat Arshad Aghayeva,&nbsp;Muhammad Haroon,&nbsp;Norah Alhokbany,&nbsp;Muhammad Majid Iqbal","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two new mononuclear heteroleptic complexes (a) <b>Cu (II)</b> complex using 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and tetramethylethylenediamine and (b) <b>Ni (II)</b> complex with benzoic acid and tetramethylethylenediamine were synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. Moreover, the compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), which showed that the benzoate group chelated the metal center in the <b>Cu (II)</b> complex, whereas the non-chelating response of the benzoate group was observed in the <b>Ni (II)</b> complex. A disordered octahedron geometry was found in both complexes according to SC-XRD results. Furthermore, the supramolecular assembly was investigated by Hirshfeld surface analysis. DFT analysis was employed to investigate the electronic characteristics, assess charge transfer processes and examine the NLO properties of the synthesized <b>Cu (II)</b> and <b>Ni (II)</b> complexes. A band gap of 5.083 and 5.116 eV was observed for complexes of copper and nickel, respectively. The global reactivity results indicated that all complexes exhibited positive electron affinity values, implying their participation in charge transfer reactions. Notably, complex <b>Cu (II)</b> was identified as more reactive, while complex <b>Ni (II)</b> was found to be more stable. Both complexes showed absorption peaks in the UV region of the spectrum. Remarkably, the obtained compound <b>Cu (II)</b> demonstrated exceptional NLO characteristics, with a maximum linear polarizability &lt;<i>α</i>&gt; of 4.312 × 10⁻²³ esu and a second hyperpolarizability (<i>γ</i>_total) of 2.482 × 10⁻³⁵ a.u. when in an acetonitrile solution. These synthesized chromophores displayed remarkable NLO properties, primarily attributed to their reduced charge transport resistance. The findings from this NLO study could pave the way for researchers to explore novel NLO materials that hold promise for cutting-edge applications in the modern era.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fe-Catalyzed C-N/C-S Bonds Formation via Activation of Csp3-H Bond of Methylarenes: A Straightforward Tandem Oxidative Process to Access Benzazoles","authors":"Fatemeh Bigdelizadeh,&nbsp;Dariush Khalili,&nbsp;Jasem Aboonajmi","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fe-catalyzed tandem cross-dehydrogenative coupling of the methylarenes with <i>o</i>-phenylenediamine/2-aminothiophenol as coupling partners has been developed for the synthesis of benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles. Various 2-aryl benzimidazoles/thiazoles were synthesized with high efficiency from cost-effective raw materials using <i>tert</i>-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an environmentally benign oxidant without any co-promoter and additional oxidizing reagent.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles as Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor for Nitrite Determination","authors":"Mahmoud A. Fadil,&nbsp;R. M. Abdel Hameed,&nbsp;Gehad G. Mohamed,&nbsp;Omar A. Fouad","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Taking into account the harmful influence of superfluous nitrite content onto the ecosystem and human health, sensitive and real-time estimation of its concentration by developing reduced cost and efficient catalytic surfaces seems as a vital problem to be solved. Herein, a sensing platform for nitrite ions in water samples was designated based on mixed transition metal oxides. NiFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were fabricated using a simple and straightforward sol–gel protocol followed by calcination at 900°C. Convenient physical characterization tools were employed to investigate the crystal structure, morphological, chemical composition, and the elemental mapping distribution of this formed nanocomposite. The cubic spinel crystal structure of NiFe₂O₄ was confirmed using XRD and TEM analyses. The average crystallite size was estimated as 25.70 nm for a wide particle size distribution range between 10 and 50 nm. Cyclic voltammetric study revealed pronounced oxidation current density at NiFe₂O₄ nanomaterial when contrasted to that of Fe₃O₄ by 1.283 times. The influence of altering the scan rate and electrolyte pH during the relevant electrochemical measurements onto the electroactivity of this mixed oxide nanostructure was evaluated. Some kinetic parameters for nitrite ions oxidation reaction at NiFe₂O₄ nanocomposite were estimated including Tafel slope (59.96 mV dec⁻¹), exchange current density (2.13 × 10⁻⁷ A cm⁻²), diffusion coefficient (1.178 × 10⁻³ cm² s⁻¹), and electron transfer rate constant (2.074 × 10⁻³ cm s⁻¹) values. A wide linear concentration range towards nitrite ions with outstanding sensitivity of 70.57 nA μM⁻¹ cm⁻² and lowered detection limit of 23.9 nM could be monitored using NiFe₂O₄ nanopowder. These encouraging results might focus further efforts for synthesizing binary transition metal oxides with surprising activity towards numerous analytes determination.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Nodal Cobalt-Based MOF as a Photocatalyst for Efficient Antibiotic Degradation in Aqueous Environments","authors":"Lei Bao,&nbsp;Mithun Kumar Ghosh,&nbsp;Yun-Fei Ma,&nbsp;Jun-Cheng Jin,&nbsp;Mohd. Muddassir,&nbsp;Tanmay Kumar Ghorai,&nbsp;Xu-Cheng Fu","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A new metal–organic framework (MOF) {[NH₂(CH₃)₂][Co₅(BTC)₃(OAC)₂ (DMA)₂]_n·1.25DMA·2.25H₂O} (<b>1</b>), has been synthesized and characterized. The thermal stability, optical properties and photocatalytic activity of <b>1</b> were also evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed stable thermal behaviour up to 172°C, while UV–visible spectroscopy indicated an optical band gap of 1.6 eV, suggesting semiconducting properties. Photocatalytic tests demonstrated efficient degradation of antibiotic pollutants under UV light, with optimal performance in degrading Ornidazole (ODZ) at 40 ppm and 5 mg/L photocatalyst dosage, achieving a degradation efficiency of 83.69%. Reusability tests showed stable photocatalytic performance over multiple cycles. Additionally, the photocatalytic activity of <b>1</b> was assessed in different water mediums, and its performance was affected by the presence of common inorganic anions, highlighting its potential for environmental remediation applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Trend to Introduce a Biocompatible Drug Carrier Based on Immunoglobulin for Prolonged Release of Palladium (II) Complex as an Anticancer Agent: Drug Release and Cytotoxicity Assessment","authors":"Maryam Saeidifar,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Mirzaei,&nbsp;Ghazaleh Rahimi,&nbsp;Robert Macgregor,&nbsp;Seyed Mojtaba Daghighi","doi":"10.1002/aoc.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aoc.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Severe side effects and low chemotherapy efficacy remain challenges in cancer treatment. Therefore, this research is aimed at investigating a colloidal drug nanocarrier based on immunoglobulin nanoparticles (IgGNPs) for sustained release of an anticancer agent. A novel palladium (II) complex (PBD) loaded to IgGNPs and its formation (PBD@IgGNP) was characterized by FTIR, DLS, and AFM techniques. The size of designed system was 797 ± 121 nm, with a particle size distribution and surface charge greater than those of IgGNP indicating the conjugation of PBD and IgGNP. The release behavior indicated that 33.66% of PBD and 12.76% of encapsulated PBD in IgGNP were released at 579 h, while carboplatin was completely released at 216 h. The release mechanism followed Korsmeyer–Peppas model and non-Fickian law. Other kinetic parameters of the release are also presented. Furthermore, MTT assay showed that IC₅₀ values of PBD and PBD@IgGNP on breast cancer cells, 4T1, were 0.75 mM while 78% of the cells were viable at the same concentration of carboplatin. DAPI, AO/EB, and PCR staining indicated that the apoptotic induction of PBD@IgGNP was greater than PBD. Moreover, in vivo results confirmed the apoptotic induction and inhibition of tumor growth in the presence of PBD@IgGNP. These valuable achievements proposed a potential nanocarrier to increase the apoptotic induction and effectiveness of anticancer drugs and decrease their side effects.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8344,"journal":{"name":"Applied Organometallic Chemistry","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}