H. Hartmann, Ana Bastos, Adrian J. Das, Adriane Esquivel‐Muelbert, W. M. Hammond, J. Martínez‐Vilalta, N. McDowell, J. Powers, T. Pugh, K. Ruthrof, C. Allen
{"title":"Climate Change Risks to Global Forest Health: Emergence of Unexpected Events of Elevated Tree Mortality Worldwide.","authors":"H. Hartmann, Ana Bastos, Adrian J. Das, Adriane Esquivel‐Muelbert, W. M. Hammond, J. Martínez‐Vilalta, N. McDowell, J. Powers, T. Pugh, K. Ruthrof, C. Allen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-012804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-012804","url":null,"abstract":"Recent observations of elevated tree mortality following climate extremes, like heat and drought, raise concerns about climate change risks to global forest health. We currently lack both sufficient data and understanding to identify whether these observations represent a global trend toward increasing tree mortality. Here, we document events of sudden and unexpected elevated tree mortality following heat and drought events in ecosystems that previously were considered tolerant or not at risk of exposure. These events underscore the fact that climate change may affect forests with unexpected force in the future. We use the events as examples to highlight current difficulties and challenges for realistically predicting such tree mortality events and the uncertainties about future forest condition. Advances in remote sensing technology and greater availably of high-resolution data, from both field assessments and from satellites, are needed to improve both understanding and prediction of forest responses to future climate change. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 73 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44184577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ying Li, Houqing Zeng, Feiyun Xu, F. Yan, Weifeng Xu
{"title":"H+-ATPases in Plant Growth and Stress Responses.","authors":"Ying Li, Houqing Zeng, Feiyun Xu, F. Yan, Weifeng Xu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-114551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-114551","url":null,"abstract":"H+-ATPases, including the phosphorylated intermediate-type (P-type) and vacuolar-type (V-type) H+-ATPases, are important ATP-driven proton pumps that generate membrane potential and provide proton motive force for secondary active transport. P- and V-type H+-ATPases have distinct structures and subcellular localizations and play various roles in growth and stress responses. A P-type H+-ATPase is mainly regulated at the posttranslational level by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of residues in its autoinhibitory C terminus. The expression and activity of both P- and V-type H+-ATPases are highly regulated by hormones and environmental cues. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in understanding of the evolution, regulation, and physiological roles of P- and V-type H+-ATPases, which coordinate and are involved in plant growth and stress adaptation. Understanding the different roles and the regulatory mechanisms of P- and V-type H+-ATPases provides a new perspective for improving plant growth and stress tolerance by modulating the activity of H+-ATPases, which will mitigate the increasing environmental stress conditions with ongoing global climate change. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 73 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48008005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jose M Alvarez, Matthew D Brooks, Joseph Swift, Gloria M Coruzzi
{"title":"Time-Based Systems Biology Approaches to Capture and Model Dynamic Gene Regulatory Networks.","authors":"Jose M Alvarez, Matthew D Brooks, Joseph Swift, Gloria M Coruzzi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-081320-090914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-081320-090914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All aspects of transcription and its regulation involve dynamic events. However, capturing these dynamic events in gene regulatory networks (GRNs) offers both a promise and a challenge. The promise is that capturing and modeling the dynamic changes in GRNs will allow us to understand how organisms adapt to a changing environment. The ability to mount a rapid transcriptional response to environmental changes is especially important in nonmotile organisms such as plants. The challenge is to capture these dynamic, genome-wide events and model them in GRNs. In this review, we cover recent progress in capturing dynamic interactions of transcription factors with their targets-at both the local and genome-wide levels-and how they are used to learn how GRNs operate as a function of time. We also discuss recent advances that employ time-based machine learning approaches to forecast gene expression at future time points, a key goal of systems biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"72 ","pages":"105-131"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9312366/pdf/nihms-1823116.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25433228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan J Emenecker, Alex S Holehouse, Lucia C Strader
{"title":"Biological Phase Separation and Biomolecular Condensates in Plants.","authors":"Ryan J Emenecker, Alex S Holehouse, Lucia C Strader","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-081720-015238","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-081720-015238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A surge in research focused on understanding the physical principles governing the formation, properties, and function of membraneless compartments has occurred over the past decade. Compartments such as the nucleolus, stress granules, and nuclear speckles have been designated as biomolecular condensates to describe their shared property of spatially concentrating biomolecules. Although this research has historically been carried out in animal and fungal systems, recent work has begun to explore whether these same principles are relevant in plants. Effectively understanding and studying biomolecular condensates require interdisciplinary expertise that spans cell biology, biochemistry, and condensed matter physics and biophysics. As such, some involved concepts may be unfamiliar to any given individual. This review focuses on introducing concepts essential to the study of biomolecular condensates and phase separation for biologists seeking to carry out research in this area and further examines aspects of biomolecular condensates that are relevant to plant systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"72 ","pages":"17-46"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8221409/pdf/nihms-1713550.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25448058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phytochrome Signaling Networks.","authors":"Mei-Chun Cheng, Praveen Kumar Kathare, Inyup Paik, Enamul Huq","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-080620-024221","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-080620-024221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The perception of light signals by the phytochrome family of photoreceptors has a crucial influence on almost all aspects of growth and development throughout a plant's life cycle. The holistic regulatory networks orchestrated by phytochromes, including conformational switching, subcellular localization, direct protein-protein interactions, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulations, and translational and posttranslational controls to promote photomorphogenesis, are highly coordinated and regulated at multiple levels. During the past decade, advances using innovative approaches have substantially broadened our understanding of the sophisticated mechanisms underlying the phytochrome-mediated light signaling pathways. This review discusses and summarizes these discoveries of the role of the modular structure of phytochromes, phytochrome-interacting proteins, and their functions; the reciprocal modulation of both positive and negative regulators in phytochrome signaling; the regulatory roles of phytochromes in transcriptional activities, alternative splicing, and translational regulation; and the kinases and E3 ligases that modulate PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs to optimize photomorphogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"72 ","pages":"217-244"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10988782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25508439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christine V Hawkes, Rasmus Kjøller, Jos M Raaijmakers, Leise Riber, Svend Christensen, Simon Rasmussen, Jan H Christensen, Anders Bjorholm Dahl, Jesper Cairo Westergaard, Mads Nielsen, Gina Brown-Guedira, Lars Hestbjerg Hansen
{"title":"Extension of Plant Phenotypes by the Foliar Microbiome.","authors":"Christine V Hawkes, Rasmus Kjøller, Jos M Raaijmakers, Leise Riber, Svend Christensen, Simon Rasmussen, Jan H Christensen, Anders Bjorholm Dahl, Jesper Cairo Westergaard, Mads Nielsen, Gina Brown-Guedira, Lars Hestbjerg Hansen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-080620-114342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-080620-114342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The foliar microbiome can extend the host plant phenotype by expanding its genomic and metabolic capabilities. Despite increasing recognition of the importance of the foliar microbiome for plant fitness, stress physiology, and yield, the diversity, function, and contribution of foliar microbiomes to plant phenotypic traits remain largely elusive. The recent adoption of high-throughput technologies is helping to unravel the diversityand spatiotemporal dynamics of foliar microbiomes, but we have yet to resolve their functional importance for plant growth, development, and ecology. Here, we focus on the processes that govern the assembly of the foliar microbiome and the potential mechanisms involved in extended plant phenotypes. We highlight knowledge gaps and provide suggestions for new research directions that can propel the field forward. These efforts will be instrumental in maximizing the functional potential of the foliar microbiome for sustainable crop production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"72 ","pages":"823-846"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39244834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pollen-Pistil Interactions as Reproductive Barriers.","authors":"Amanda K Broz, Patricia A Bedinger","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-080620-102159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-080620-102159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pollen-pistil interactions serve as important prezygotic reproductive barriers that play a critical role in mate selection in plants. Here, we highlight recent progress toward understanding the molecular basis of pollen-pistil interactions as reproductive isolating barriers. These barriers can be active systems of pollen rejection, or they can result from a mismatch of required male and female factors. In some cases, the barriers are mechanistically linked to self-incompatibility systems, while others represent completely independent processes. Pollen-pistil reproductive barriers can act as soon as pollen is deposited on a stigma, where penetration of heterospecific pollen tubes is blocked by the stigma papillae. As pollen tubes extend, the female transmitting tissue can selectively limit growth by producing cell wall-modifying enzymes and cytotoxins that interact with the growing pollen tube. At ovules, differential pollen tube attraction and inhibition of sperm cell release can act as barriers to heterospecific pollen tubes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"72 ","pages":"615-639"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39244836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and Molecular Genetics of <i>Marchantia polymorpha</i>.","authors":"Takayuki Kohchi, Katsuyuki T Yamato, Kimitsune Ishizaki, Shohei Yamaoka, Ryuichi Nishihama","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-082520-094256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-082520-094256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bryophytes occupy a basal position in the monophyletic evolution of land plants and have a life cycle in which the gametophyte generation dominates over the sporophyte generation, offering a significant advantage in conducting genetics. Owing to its low genetic redundancy and the availability of an array of versatile molecular tools, including efficient genome editing, the liverwort <i>Marchantia polymorpha</i> has become a model organism of choice that provides clues to the mechanisms underlying eco-evo-devo biology in plants. Recent analyses of developmental mutants have revealed that key genes in developmental processes are functionally well conserved in plants, despite their morphological differences, and that lineage-specific evolution occurred by neo/subfunctionalization of common ancestral genes. We suggest that <i>M. polymorpha</i> is an excellent platform to uncover the conserved and diversified mechanisms underlying land plant development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"72 ","pages":"677-702"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25448057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wolfgang Zierer, David Rüscher, Uwe Sonnewald, Sophia Sonnewald
{"title":"Tuber and Tuberous Root Development.","authors":"Wolfgang Zierer, David Rüscher, Uwe Sonnewald, Sophia Sonnewald","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-080720-084456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-080720-084456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Root and tuber crops have been an important part of human nutrition since the early days of humanity, providing us with essential carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamins. Today, they are especially important in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, where they help to feed an ever-growing population. Early induction and storage organ size are important agricultural traits, as they determine yield over time. During potato tuberization, environmental and metabolic status are sensed, ensuring proper timing of tuberization mediated by phloem-mobile signals. Coordinated cellular restructuring and expansion growth, as well as controlled storage metabolism in the tuber, are executed. This review summarizes our current understanding of potato tuber development and highlights similarities and differences to important tuberous root crop species like sweetpotato and cassava. Finally, we point out knowledge gaps that need to be filled before a complete picture of storage organ development can emerge.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"72 ","pages":"551-580"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25549124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrzej T Wierzbicki, Todd Blevins, Szymon Swiezewski
{"title":"Long Noncoding RNAs in Plants.","authors":"Andrzej T Wierzbicki, Todd Blevins, Szymon Swiezewski","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-093020-035446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-093020-035446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants have an extraordinary diversity of transcription machineries, including five nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Four of these enzymes are dedicated to the production of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are ribonucleic acids with functions independent of their protein-coding potential. lncRNAs display a broad range of lengths and structures, but they are distinct from the small RNA guides of RNA interference (RNAi) pathways. lncRNAs frequently serve as structural, catalytic, or regulatory molecules for gene expression. They can affect all elements of genes, including promoters, untranslated regions, exons, introns, and terminators, controlling gene expression at various levels, including modifying chromatin accessibility, transcription, splicing, and translation. Certain lncRNAs protect genome integrity, while others respond to environmental cues like temperature, drought, nutrients, and pathogens. In this review, we explain the challenge of defining lncRNAs, introduce the machineries responsible for their production, and organize this knowledge by viewing the functions of lncRNAs throughout the structure of a typical plant gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"72 ","pages":"245-271"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25505445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}