Qian Liu, Kun Wu, Wenzhen Song, N. Zhong, Yunzhe Wu, Xiangdong Fu
{"title":"Improving Crop Nitrogen Use Efficiency Toward Sustainable Green Revolution.","authors":"Qian Liu, Kun Wu, Wenzhen Song, N. Zhong, Yunzhe Wu, Xiangdong Fu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-070121-015752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-070121-015752","url":null,"abstract":"The Green Revolution of the 1960s improved crop yields in part through the widespread cultivation of semidwarf plant varieties, which resist lodging but require a high-nitrogen (N) fertilizer input. Because environmentally degrading synthetic fertilizer use underlies current worldwide cereal yields, future agricultural sustainability demands enhanced N use efficiency (NUE). Here, we summarize the current understanding of how plants sense, uptake, and respond to N availability in the model plants that can be used to improve sustainable productivity in agriculture. Recent progress in unlocking the genetic basis of NUE within the broader context of plant systems biology has provided insights into the coordination of plant growth and nutrient assimilation and inspired the implementation of a new breeding strategy to cut fertilizer use in high-yield cereal crops. We conclude that identifying fresh targets for N sensing and response in crops would simultaneously enable improved grain productivity and NUE to launch a new Green Revolution and promote future food security.","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"73 1","pages":"523-551"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42956145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayumi Iwasaki, Steven Penfield, Luis Lopez-Molina
{"title":"Parental and Environmental Control of Seed Dormancy in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.","authors":"Mayumi Iwasaki, Steven Penfield, Luis Lopez-Molina","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-090750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-090750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seed dormancy-the absence of seed germination under favorable germination conditions-is a plant trait that evolved to enhance seedling survival by avoiding germination under unsuitable environmental conditions. In <i>Arabidopsis</i>, dormancy levels are influenced by the seed coat composition, while the endosperm is essential to repress seed germination of dormant seeds upon their imbibition. Recent research has shown that the mother plant modulates its progeny seed dormancy in response to seasonal temperature changes by changing specific aspects of seed coat and endosperm development. This process involves genomic imprinting by means of epigenetic marks deposited in the seed progeny and regulators previously known to regulate flowering time. This review discusses and summarizes these discoveries and provides an update on our present understanding of the role of DOG1 and abscisic acid, two key contributors to dormancy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"73 ","pages":"355-378"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39902852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Long, Samuel H. Taylor, S. Burgess, Elizabete Carmo‐Silva, T. Lawson, A. P. de Souza, L. Leonelli, Yu Wang
{"title":"Into the Shadows and Back into Sunlight: Photosynthesis in Fluctuating Light.","authors":"S. Long, Samuel H. Taylor, S. Burgess, Elizabete Carmo‐Silva, T. Lawson, A. P. de Souza, L. Leonelli, Yu Wang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-070221-024745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-070221-024745","url":null,"abstract":"Photosynthesis is an important remaining opportunity for further improvement in the genetic yield potential of our major crops. Measurement, analysis, and improvement of leaf CO2 assimilation (A) have focused largely on photosynthetic rates under light-saturated steady-state conditions. However, in modern crop canopies of several leaf layers, light is rarely constant, and the majority of leaves experience marked light fluctuations throughout the day. It takes several minutes for photosynthesis to regain efficiency in both sun-shade and shade-sun transitions, costing a calculated 10-40% of potential crop CO2 assimilation. Transgenic manipulations to accelerate the adjustment in sun-shade transitions have already shown a substantial productivity increase in field trials. Here, we explore means to further accelerate these adjustments and minimize these losses through transgenic manipulation, gene editing, and exploitation of natural variation. Measurement andanalysis of photosynthesis in sun-shade and shade-sun transitions are explained. Factors limiting speeds of adjustment and how they could be modified to effect improved efficiency are reviewed, specifically nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), Rubisco activation, and stomatal responses.","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"73 1","pages":"617-648"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43629161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When SWEETs Turn Tweens: Updates and Perspectives.","authors":"Xueyi Xue, Jiang Wang, Diwakar Shukla, Lily S Cheung, Li-Qing Chen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-070621-093907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-070621-093907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sugar translocation between cells and between subcellular compartments in plants requires either plasmodesmata or a diverse array of sugar transporters. Interactions between plants and associated microorganisms also depend on sugar transporters. The sugars will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET) family is made up of conserved and essential transporters involved in many critical biological processes. The functional significance and small size of these proteins have motivated crystallographers to successfully capture several structures of SWEETs and their bacterial homologs in different conformations. These studies together with molecular dynamics simulations have provided unprecedented insights into sugar transport mechanisms in general and into substrate recognition of glucose and sucrose in particular. This review summarizes our current understanding of the SWEET family, from the atomic to the whole-plant level. We cover methods used for their characterization, theories about their evolutionary origins, biochemical properties, physiological functions, and regulation. We also include perspectives on the future work needed to translate basic research into higher crop yields.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"73 ","pages":"379-403"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39816433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olga Serra, Ari Pekka Mähönen, Alexander J Hetherington, Laura Ragni
{"title":"The Making of Plant Armor: The Periderm.","authors":"Olga Serra, Ari Pekka Mähönen, Alexander J Hetherington, Laura Ragni","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-102720-031405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-102720-031405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The periderm acts as armor protecting the plant's inner tissues from biotic and abiotic stress. It forms during the radial thickening of plant organs such as stems and roots and replaces the function of primary protective tissues such as the epidermis and the endodermis. A wound periderm also forms to heal and protect injured tissues. The periderm comprises a meristematic tissue called the phellogen, or cork cambium, and its derivatives: the lignosuberized phellem and the phelloderm. Research on the periderm has mainly focused on the chemical composition of the phellem due to its relevance as a raw material for industrial processes. Today, there is increasing interest in the regulatory network underlying periderm development as a novel breeding trait to improve plant resilience and to sequester CO<sub>2</sub>. Here, we discuss our current understanding of periderm formation, focusing on aspects of periderm evolution, mechanisms of periderm ontogenesis, regulatory networks underlying phellogen initiation and cork differentiation, and future challenges of periderm research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"73 ","pages":"405-432"},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39899290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parasitic Plants: An Overview of Mechanisms by Which Plants Perceive and Respond to Parasites.","authors":"Min-Yao Jhu, N. Sinha","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-100635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-100635","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to most autotrophic plants, which produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide using photosynthesis, parasitic plants obtain water and nutrients by parasitizing host plants. Many important crop plants are infested by these heterotrophic plants, leading to severe agricultural loss and reduced food security. Understanding how host plants perceive and resist parasitic plants provides insight into underlying defense mechanisms and the potential for agricultural applications. In this review, we offer a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of host perception of parasitic plants and the pre-attachment and post-attachment defense responses mounted by the host. Since most current research overlooks the role of organ specificity in resistance responses, we also summarize the current understanding and cases of cross-organ parasitism, which indicates nonconventional haustorial connections on other host organs, for example, when stem parasitic plants form haustoria on their host roots. Understanding how different tissue types respond to parasitic plants could provide the potential for developing a universal resistance mechanism in crops against both root and stem parasitic plants. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 73 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47737606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cereal Endosperms: Development and Storage Product Accumulation.","authors":"Jinxin Liu, Ming-Wei Wu, Chun-Ming Liu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-070221-024405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-070221-024405","url":null,"abstract":"The persistent triploid endosperms of cereal crops are the most important source of human food and animal feed. The development of cereal endosperms progresses through coenocytic nuclear division, cellularization, aleurone and starchy endosperm differentiation, and storage product accumulation. In the past few decades, the cell biological processes involved in endosperm formation in most cereals have been described. Molecular genetic studies performed in recent years led to the identification of the genes underlying endosperm differentiation, regulatory network governing storage product accumulation, and epigenetic mechanism underlying imprinted gene expression. In this article, we outline recent progress in this area and propose hypothetical models to illustrate machineries that control aleurone and starchy endosperm differentiation, sugar loading, and storage product accumulations. A future challenge in this area is to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying coenocytic nuclear division, endosperm cellularization, and programmed cell death. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 73 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41374901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jana Trenner, Jacqueline Monaghan, Bushra Saeed, M. Quint, N. Shabek, M. Trujillo
{"title":"Evolution and Functions of Plant U-Box Proteins: From Protein Quality Control to Signaling.","authors":"Jana Trenner, Jacqueline Monaghan, Bushra Saeed, M. Quint, N. Shabek, M. Trujillo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-102720-012310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-102720-012310","url":null,"abstract":"Posttranslational modifications add complexity and diversity to cellular proteomes. One of the most prevalent modifications across eukaryotes is ubiquitination, which is orchestrated by E3 ubiquitin ligases. U-box-containing E3 ligases have massively expanded in the plant kingdom and have diversified into plant U-box proteins (PUBs). PUBs likely originated from two or three ancestral forms, fusing with diverse functional subdomains that resulted in neofunctionalization. Their emergence and diversification may reflect adaptations to stress during plant evolution, reflecting changes in the needs of plant proteomes to maintain cellular homeostasis. Through their close association with protein kinases, they are physically linked to cell signaling hubs and activate feedback loops by dynamically pairing with E2-ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to generate distinct ubiquitin polymers that themselves act as signals. Here, we complement current knowledge with comparative genomics to gain a deeper understanding of PUB function, focusing on their evolution and structural adaptations of key U-box residues, as well as their various roles in plant cells. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 73 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47851593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Costs and Benefits of Plant-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Interactions.","authors":"Alison E. Bennett, K. Groten","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-124504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-124504","url":null,"abstract":"The symbiotic interaction between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is often perceived as beneficial for both partners, though a large ecological literature highlights the context dependency of this interaction. Changes in abiotic variables, such as nutrient availability, can drive the interaction along the mutualism-parasitism continuum with variable outcomes for plant growth and fitness. However, AM fungi can benefit plants in more ways than improved phosphorus nutrition and plant growth. For example, AM fungi can promote abiotic and biotic stress tolerance even when considered parasitic from a nutrient provision perspective. Other than being obligate biotrophs, very little is known about the benefits AM fungi gain from plants. In this review, we utilize both molecular biology and ecological approaches to expand our understanding of the plant-AM fungal interaction across disciplines. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 73 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43045431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charles Bachy, Fabian Wittmers, Jan Muschiol, Maria Hamilton, B. Henrissat, A. Worden
{"title":"The Land-Sea Connection: Insights Into the Plant Lineage from a Green Algal Perspective.","authors":"Charles Bachy, Fabian Wittmers, Jan Muschiol, Maria Hamilton, B. Henrissat, A. Worden","doi":"10.1146/annurev-arplant-071921-100530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-071921-100530","url":null,"abstract":"The colonization of land by plants generated opportunities for the rise of new heterotrophic life forms, including humankind. A unique event underpinned this massive change to earth ecosystems-the advent of eukaryotic green algae. Today, an abundant marine green algal group, the prasinophytes, alongside prasinodermophytes and nonmarine chlorophyte algae are facilitating insights into plant developments. Genome-level data allow identification of conserved proteins and protein families with extensive modifications, losses, or gains and expansion patterns that connect to niche specialization and diversification. Here, we contextualize attributes according to Viridiplantae evolutionary relationships, starting with orthologous protein families, and then focusing on key elements with marked differentiation, resulting in patchy distributions across green algae and plants. We place attention on peptidoglycan biosynthesis, important for plastid division and walls; phytochrome photosensors that are master regulators in plants; and carbohydrate-active enzymes, essential to all manner of carbohydrate biotransformations. Together with advances in algal model systems, these areas are ripe for discovering molecular roles and innovations within and across plant and algal lineages. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 73 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8335,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of plant biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":23.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63954358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}