Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)最新文献

{"title":"Infant mental health as we enter the third millennium: Can we prevent aggression?","authors":"Y. Gauthier","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10057","url":null,"abstract":"Au sortir d'un siecle marque de violences extremes, l'auteur tente de reflechir sur les origines de la violence et cite plusieurs auteurs recents qui, dans leur travail avec des meurtriers, les ont entendus frequemment parler d'une enfance toute marquee par l'abus et la violence. La recherche sur les premieres manifestations de violence montre que l'agression physique presente des l'âge de cinq ans est le meilleur predicteur de l'agression physique a l'adolescence, mais aussi qu'elle est presente bien avant l'âge de cinq ans, et peut etre controlee tot. La pauvrete est un facteur important de violence, mais en association avec les caracteristiques familiales. La recherche a l'interieur de la theorie de l'attachement nous apprend que l'attachement insecure, specifiquement le pattem desorganise-desoriente (D), est etroitement relie a l'apparition de comportements agressifs a cinq ans et a sept ans, et que le developpement du controle de soi et de l'empathie chez le jeune enfant est en etroite relation avec un environnement familial empathique. Une revue des projets d'intervention precoce en milieu defavorise demontre que des resultats positifs a long terme sont possibles, particulierement dans des projets construits autour d'un support familial intensif et de services aux enfants rendus tres tot, surtout dans des visites a domicile. Des recommandations sont finalement faites dans le sens de la continuation de recherches et d'interventions precoces de formes diverses et du developpement de politiques sociales qui aident les parents de jeunes enfants, pour toute la population, mais particulierement dans les milieux a haut risque.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"140 1","pages":"296-308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81767746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIVERSITY: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN INFANCY","authors":"Susan Mcdonough, H. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10051","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue of the Infant Mental Health Journal presents the plenary addresses from WAIMH’s 7th World Congress in Montreal, Canada (2000). As we noted in the program booklet for that congress, the field of infant mental health coalesces around three common assumptions: infant behavior cannot be viewed separately from relationships with others; infants’ most important relationships are with their primary caregivers; and infant caregivers have relationships with others in their social contexts. These assumptions rest on such historical reminders that infants are born into a social world (Rheingold, 1968), which consists of reciprocal relationships (Bell, 1968), (especially) with primary caregivers (Winnicott, 1964), who may or may not have unresolved issues that construct barriers to the development of secure social-emotional relationships (Fraiberg, Adelson, & Shapiro, 1975). All of these characterizations provide a basis for understanding that infant mental health is grounded in the reciprocal interactions that infants have with others within the extraordinarily diverse contexts in which infants live and negotiate the world. Infants, caregivers, extended family members, and the broader social and cultural networks in which these families are embedded, provide the contexts that influence social and emotional development and generate issues relevant to infant mental health (Fitzgerald & Barton, 2000). If there is any common theme cutting across all of the contexts within which human infants live and thrive or atrophy and die, it is diversity. The theme of the 7th World Congress, “Diversity: Challenges and Opportunities in Infancy,” captured the Program Committee’s desire to examine contemporary knowledge about the infant in multiple contexts. The congress subthemes were selected to reflect trends in research, clinical practice, and social policy, or to draw attention to issues that should enter into the domain of topics that define modern “trends.” The subthemes and plenary speakers whose works are published in this issue of the Infant Mental Health Journal were “Brain–Behavior Interface” (Megan Gunnar, United States), “De-","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"9 1","pages":"193-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90564974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the dyad: Parent-infant psychotherapy in a multicultural society-reflections from a South African perspective","authors":"A. Berg","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10055","url":null,"abstract":"La prise de conscience de la sante mentale du nourrisson grandit regulierement en Afrique du Sud. Le Service de Sante Mentale du Nourrisson de l'Universite de Cape Town sert la population de moins de trois ans dans deux quartiers de Cape Town. Le defi auquel sont confrontes les professionnels travaillant avec une communaute traditionnelle sont nombreux. Les problemes declenches par la pauvrete mis a part, il existe des differences culturelles qui ont besoin d'etre comprises et apprehendees. Si l'Afrique du Sud est en ce moment en train d'integrer sa diversite culturelle, la formation professionnelle s'est faite sur des modeles occidentaux. Ces modeles mettent l'accent sur les relations individuelles et personnelles. La vue du monde africaine, cependant, comprend une conscience profonde de l'importance de la communaute collective. Le sens de qui on est trouve ses racines dans cette conscience. Pour qu'une psychotherapie en Afrique du Sud soit utile et appropriee, les professionnels travaillant dans ce domaine doivent etre conscients et authentiquement respectueux des differences entre les differents groupes culturels. La complexite de deux cultures qui se rencontrent sans une conscience suffisante de leur difference est illustree par une psychotherapie ratee d'une dyade mere-enfant ayant resulte en une tentative d'infanticide. Cela met en lumiere les defauts d'une psychotherapie basee sur de seuls modeles d'attachement dyadique.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"69 1","pages":"265-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84593904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prebirth predictors of coparenting experiences in early infancy","authors":"L. A. Egeren","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10056","url":null,"abstract":"Le but de nos recherches etait d'identifier des facteurs de prediction d'experiences de coparentage durant la transition a la condition de parent, ceci avant la naissance de l'enfant. Des questionnaires ont ete utilises pour evaluer 101 couples durant le troisieme trimestre de la grossesse et a 1, 3, 6 mois apres la naissance du premier enfant. Les resultats d'analyses lineaires hierarchiques de modelisation ont indique differents facteurs de prediction de niveau de coparentage, de changement lineaire, et de fluctuation pour les meres et les peres. Pour les meres, les experiences de coparentage etaient associees a l'âge, a l'education paternelle, aux inquietudes concernant la facon d'elever l'enfant, aux differences de philosophie sur la maniere d'elever l'enfant, et a la reactance. Alors que pour les peres, les experiences de coparentage etaient liees a la profession, au developpement de l'ego de la mere, au coparentage dans la famille d'origine, et a la motivation des deux parents d'elever des enfants. Nous avons trouve des indications que les meres pousseraient/conduiraient le developpement de la relation de coparentage pour les deux parents.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"46 1","pages":"278-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91143592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain and behavior interface: Stress and the developing brain","authors":"M. Gunnar, Carol L Cheatham","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10052","url":null,"abstract":"Les etudes sur les animaux ont montre que les interactions mere-bebe peuvent avoir un impact a long terme sur les regions du cerveau qui regulent le comportement concernant la peur et la physiologie du stress. Dans ce travail, nous passons en revue les recherches sur des enfants et des nourrissons humains pour voir si les experiences precoces ont des effets similaires chez notre espece. Les recherches montrent que durant la premiere annee de la vie, un mode de soin sensible et attentif devient un fort regulateur du comportement emotionnel et de l'activite de l'hormone neuroendocrine de stress chez les jeunes enfants. Les recherches passees en revue suggerent que le temperament affecte les chances qu'ont les enfants d'avoir des augmentations d'hormones de stress quand la qualite de leur soin diminue. Enfin, nous passons en revue la litterature sur l'activite de l'hormone de stress chez les enfants qui ont ete maltraites tres tot dans leur vie, et nous explorons la question critique selon laquelle un soin accru plus tard dans le developpement peut renverser les effets d'experiences adverses precoces sur le comportement et la neurobiologie.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"4 1","pages":"195-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81657862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parents and infants in changing cultural context: Immigration, trauma, and risk","authors":"M. Moro","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10054","url":null,"abstract":"\"Entre les bibliotheques et les bebes en detresse, il y a un grand fosse\" (Fraiberg, 1999, p. 416). Qu'ils soient africains ou asiatiques, les enfants de familles d'immigrants vivent dans des situations a risque ou ils peuvent etre exposes a des traumatismes serieux. Les familles immigrees vivent souvent dans des conditions extremes. Bien que les recherches decrivent ces conditions, le champ d'intervention demeure faible. Combien de fois n'avons-nous pas entendu dire que le travail au sein de ces familles n'aborde pas le traitement, mais plutot les besoins de base, notant que les familles sont preoccupees par la survie-ou trouver de la nourriture, ou dormir, ou enterrer leurs morts. Cependant, le soin psychologique des enfants et des familles immigres a beaucoup a nous apprendre. Dans cet article je decris le travail qui essaie de construire un pont au dessus du fosse auquel Fraiberg fait reference en partageant ce que j'ai appris sur les familles et la petite enfance immigres.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"2 1","pages":"240-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86994275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CLINICAL INTERVIEW FOR HIGH-RISK PARENTS OF PREMATURE INFANTS (CLIP) AS A PREDICTOR OF EARLY DISRUPTIONS IN THE MOTHER- INFANT RELATIONSHIP AT THE NURSERY","authors":"M. Keren, R. Feldman, A. Eidelman, L. Sirota, B. Lester","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10049","url":null,"abstract":"The relations between mothers' narrative regarding the infant and the premature birth and the quality of mother–infant interaction were examined in mothers of 47 very low birth weight (<1650 g) premature singletons prior to discharge. Maternal representations were assessed with the Clinical Interview for high-risk Parents of premature babies (CLIP), a semistructured interview that explores mothers' experiences of the pregnancy, delivery, hospitalization period, thoughts and feelings about the infant, and impending discharge. Ten minutes of mother–infant interaction were videotaped, and global and microanalytic codes were used to define three interactive variables: maternal adaptation, maternal touch, and infant withdrawal. Factor analysis of the CLIP items identified two factors with eigen values of 2.00 and above, termed Readiness for Motherhood and Maternal Rejection. Regression analyses were used to predict the three interactive variables by the infant's medical condition, maternal anxiety and depression, and the CLIP factors. Maternal adaptation to the infant's signal and maternal positive touch were each uniquely predicted by the mother's readiness for the maternal role, and were each negatively related to maternal depression. The infant's interactive withdrawal was independently predicted by maternal rejection. The clinical implications of the findings and the potential use of the CLIP for routine detection of early disruptions in the mother–infant relationship are discussed. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"80 1","pages":"93-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73598606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal self‐efficacy beliefs, competence in parenting, and toddlers' behavior and developmental status","authors":"P. Coleman, K. Karraker","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10048","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to examine parenting self-efficacy beliefs as correlates of mothers' competence in parenting toddlers and as predictors of toddlers' behavior and development. Sixty-eight predominantly middle-class mother–toddler pairs participated in this study. Mothers completed questionnaires, toddlers were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-II), and each dyad participated in the Crowell Procedure, which is designed to observe parent and toddler behaviors in a semistructured laboratory context. Although domain-general and domain-specific parenting self-efficacy beliefs were not associated with parenting competence, domain-specific beliefs were significantly related to toddlers' scores on the Mental Scale of the BSID-II and several behaviors observed during the Crowell Procedure (Affection Towards Mother, Avoidance of Mother, Compliance, Enthusiasm, and Negativity). Implications of the findings are discussed. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"69 1","pages":"126-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76307627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An attachment perspective on grandparents raising their very young grandchildren: Implications for intervention and research","authors":"Julie Poehlmann","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10047","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to apply an attachment perspective to the growing number of families with grandparents raising grandchildren to increase our understanding of the complexity of intergenerational relationship processes in these families and to guide early intervention and research. It is proposed that, as grandparents take responsibility for their grandchildren, three relationship processes simultaneously occur: (1) disruptions in attachments potentially occur, especially in relationships involving parents, (2) attachment relationships between grandchildren and grandparents develop or are revised, and (3) family members' internal working models of attachment and caregiving are challenged and shaped. To address these processes, attachment theory and research focusing on the formation, disruption, and intergenerational transmission of attachment relationships are reviewed. Conclusions suggest that when grandparents assume responsibility for grandchildren, families may need and be particularly open to a range of interventions. In addition, research focusing on attachment relationships in families of grandparents raising grandchildren is needed. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"5 1","pages":"149-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90166535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of transitional objects in young children in Tokyo and New York","authors":"M. Hobara","doi":"10.1002/IMHJ.10046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/IMHJ.10046","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the prevalence of children's transitional object attachment in the two groups of young children in Tokyo and New York. The subjects (mothers of a child who was between two and four years of age) were 50 Caucasian women who resided in New York and 50 Japanese women who resided in Tokyo. Families of all subjects were within middle and upper socioeconomic status. There was a higher prevalence of transitional object attachment in American children (62%) than in Japanese children (38%). Japanese children more often slept in the same bed or same room with mothers than American children. The two groups did not differ regarding the hours of mother's availability. The results lend support to Gaddini and Gaddini's suggestion that children whose mothers are continuously available, especially at night, are not likely to develop attachment to transitional objects. The results from this survey research were discussed in terms of significance of transitional object attachment on child development. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.","PeriodicalId":83356,"journal":{"name":"Tradition (Rabbinical Council of America)","volume":"30 1","pages":"174-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89862198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}