Archives of Psychiatry Research最新文献

{"title":"Understanding Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Literature Review","authors":"Yudha Prasetyo Utomo, Muhammad Luthfi Adnan, Eska Agustin Putri Susanti","doi":"10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.14","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in dissociative identity disorder (DID) in psychiatry has increased rapidly although epidemiologically the cases of patients with DID are still rare, several studies exist trying to understand how DID might occur and the best therapeutic approach. Some of the symptoms of DID can also be found in non-clinical populations even though they are not directly related to the disorder. The findings of DID are often associated with other psychiatric disorders and can complicate the diagnosis. Various studies have tried to understand the case of DID either objectively or subjectively. Diagnosis of DID must be diagnosed by carefully experienced clinicians with clinical interviews with some proper tests that could help to identify various identities. Current DID therapy may be able to strengthen the identity of the patient’s control and prevent impaired social functioning of the patient. Many pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have been developed to improve symptoms of the disorder, but none of them have been effective due to the quality of the studies conducted. Further research is still needed on DID as a whole to assist in the correct diagnosis and therapy for DID patients.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44989233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zuranolone","authors":"Vjekoslav Peitl, Darko Vlahović","doi":"10.20471/may.2023.59.02.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/may.2023.59.02.19","url":null,"abstract":"Zuranolone is an oral neuroactive steroid under development by Sage Therapeutics and Biogen (SAGE-217/BIIB125). It is currently being evaluated as a treatment option for postpartum depression (PPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). MDD is one of the most frequent mental disorders; for example, in the United States, it affects more than 8 % of adults every year. On the other hand, PPD is one of the most common medical complications during and after pregnancy and is estimated to affect approximately one in eight women who have given birth. Although clinical presentation of MDD and PPD varies, patients frequently experience feelings of hopelessness, anxiety or sadness which, consequently, affect their quality of life, in terms of ability to work, maintenance of relationships and school attendance. In severe cases, risk of suicide can be substantial. As for the treatment of these disorders, current guidelines include a multitude of approved antidepressants which can help alleviate symptoms for most patients. However, these medications in general require four to six weeks to work. In translation that means patients must endure their symptoms for a month or more after starting a treatment to see if it helps.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47873630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Resilience as an Emotional Protective Factor to Mental Fatigue During the COVID-19 Lockdown: The Experience of Undergraduate Medical Students in Oman","authors":"Miriam Archana Simon, Amani Ibrahim Al Raisi, Fatema Ali Bakhit Al Ashkhari, Nasra Ali Hamed Al Jahwari, Eman Elsheshtawy","doi":"10.20471/dec.2022.59.02.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2022.59.02.02","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of COVID-19 on mental health across the globe has been colossal. Student mental health and well- being during the pandemic has caused increasing concern due to the drastic transition to online classes, lowered opportunities for socialization and stress related to COVID-19. The aim of the present study was to explore the prevalence of mental fatigue among undergraduate medical students at the College of Medicine and Health Sciences (COMHS), National University of Science and Technology, Sultanate of Oman and study the impact of resilience as a protective factor during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results indicated that participants experienced mild levels of mental fatigue. Normal levels of resilience capacity were seen among medical students. Significant negative correlation was seen between Mental Fatigue and Resilience. Linear regression analysis indicated that gender was a moderate predictive factor in the experience of mental fatigue. Post-lockdown survey results indicated that medical students continued to experience signs of mental fatigue, though restrictions have eased. They also continued to exhibit normal levels of resilience capacity. Students at the COMHS experienced mild levels of mental fatigue during the pandemic lockdown period. Normal level of resilience capacity effectively contributed as an emotional protective factor. Medical students continue to experience mild levels of mental fatigue, though lockdown restrictions have eased. Enhancing campus-based counselling support services to target COVID-19 related psychological distress and improve resiliency capacity is vital.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43847047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of a Safety Culture Index among Mental Health Workers in Ghana","authors":"Jacob Owusu Sarfo, Edward Wilson Ansah, D. Apaak, Rafael Valdece Sousa Bastos","doi":"10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.11","url":null,"abstract":"Safety culture among mental health workers is essential, especially in developing countries where workplace safety seems neglected. However, few studies have provided detailed psychometric analyses of convenient safety instruments with practical relevance for the healthcare industry in the Sub-Saharan African context. We sampled 574 (54.4 % females, 45.6 % males) mental health workers from three Specialist Psychiatric Teaching Hospitals in Ghana. Initially, we collected data using adapted items from Edkins and Coakes’ 25-item Airline Safety Culture Index (ASCI). Consequently, we conducted a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) using the Diagonally Weighted Least Squares estimator. We also used the item reduction analysis (Gradual Response Model) to reduce the adapted 25-item scale to 11 items (Modified Safety Culture Index, MSCI- 11). Finally, we conducted reliability analyses (alpha and omega) for the MSCI-11. We observed that the data in the CFA showed adequate fit indices [χ2 (df = 44, N = 574) = 223.752, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.975; TLI = 0.968; RM- SEA = 0.084 (CI 90 % 0.074- 0.096); SRMR = 0.063]. The MSCI- 11 is parsimonious and has good reliability estimates [α = 0.853 (95 % CI 0.835 – 0.870) and ω = 0.853 (95 % CI 0.837- 0.087)]. Future studies should use additional cross-validation in other high-risk jobs to generalise the new scale.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45134645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effect between Antidepressants and D-phenylalanine, a Phenethylamine Precursor, in an Animal Model of Depression","authors":"Oscar Fernando Moreno Adaro, Claudio Berríos Bravo, M. Guevara, Gonzalo Mesones, Leticia Sabina, D. Mulet, Ainura Okasova, Ricardo Andrada, Á. Gargiulo, M. Gargiulo, A. Gargiulo, Marcos C.J. Gargiulo, Norman López Velásquez, José Vicente Lafuente, Adriana I. Landa de Gargiulo, H. M. Mesones Arroyo, P. Gargiulo","doi":"10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"A relevant role has been attributed to phenethylamine in depressive disorders. It has been measured in human urine and rat brain in pathological conditions and after drug administration. Furthermore, a clinical correlation has been proposed between urinary elimination and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, its metabolic predecessor, D-phenylalanine, has been used as an antidepressant drug in the treatment of depressive disorders. The use of this amino acid has been realized alone, or in combination with classical antidepressants. In the present study, we tried to characterize its behavioural profile comparing it with imipramine and fluoxetine. Antidepressant drugs have been studied using diverse animal models. We used here the Porsolt test, or Forced Swimming Test (FST), measuring times of climbing, swimming and resting. When a comparison was performed between groups in climbing behaviour, significant differences were observed between imipramine treated group and saline controls (p < 0.05), and imipramine versus fluoxetine and D-phenylalanine (p < 0.01). When swimming was evaluated, clear differences between D-phenylalanine and the other groups were observed (p < 0.001). Additionally, a significant difference was also observed between imipramine and fluoxetine (p < 0.01). When resting was evaluated, high differences between D-phenylalanine versus all other groups were shown (p < 0.001). Observed behavioural profile was according to serotonergic antidepressant drugs effects. It is supported by the fact that swimming behaviours were increased, and a correlative decrease in resting was also present. We conclude that D-phenylalanine showed higher antidepressant potency than other classical antidepressants, at least at the doses used.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44214513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Give Me a Break: Do Mental Health Breaks from Social Networking Sites Correlate with Lower Psychopathology? - Preliminary Findings","authors":"Kelci Chezem Davis, Jennifer Katherine Boland, Larissa Aileen Fernandez, Jaime Lynn Anderson","doi":"10.20471/may.2023.59.02.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/may.2023.59.02.12","url":null,"abstract":"Social networking sites (SNS) have become a pervasive part of modern society. In 2019, 69 % of adults used Facebook, and 74 % of these users checked Facebook daily. Social networking use is even higher in younger generations; 92 % of adolescents check SNS daily, and 24 % report being online “almost constantly.” Recently, a flood of research has exposed the harmful correlates of social networking site use, including increased depression, anxiety, suicidality, psychological distress, self-esteem, anxiety, and sleep problems. As the public has become aware of these adverse outcomes, a new trend of taking a break from SNS for their mental health has increased in popularity. However, no empirical research has examined how the mental health of those who have taken a SNS mental health break differs from those who have not. Therefore, this study examined the differences in personality psychopathology, self-esteem, and internalizing symptoms between these two groups in a sample of 565 adult social networking site users. It was found that individuals who took a SNS mental health break had higher self-esteem, but also higher levels of personality psychopathology and internalizing symptomology. Implications for this study are discussed.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134981717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Craving as a Nexus Of Gaming Disorder, its Assessment Scarcity and Role in Therapy Response: a Case Series","authors":"K. Siste, Enjeline Hanafi, Lee Thung Sen, Adrian Adrian, N. Sieto","doi":"10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.16","url":null,"abstract":"Gaming disorder (GD) is a recently recognized mental health disorder and has been garnering international attention. It shares core concepts with other addiction disorders and arguably the craving criterion. Craving has been well studied in substance and gambling addiction, with specific instruments for more objective measurement and distinctive contextual variables pertaining the craving. We present, for the first time, a series of four cases from the Indonesian national addiction clinic that demonstrated certain levels of craving might impede therapeutics response, the difficulty in assessing craving level on distinct scenarios, and the various variables influencing craving. The first two cases displayed low improvement and poorer prognosis compared to the two latter cases. Overall, these cases posited a great need of focus to measure, monitor, and manage craving among GD patients.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44790468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Aspects of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms in Vascular Dementia","authors":"Nirad Yadav, Sunil Suthar, S. Jain","doi":"10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia is a growing problem that presents increasing challenges for health services worldwide. Vascular dementia is the 2nd most common type of dementia after Alzheimer dementia. The aim of the study is to describe the clinical aspects of behavioural and psychological symptoms in patients aged ≥ 60 years diagnosed with vascular dementia. A cross sectional study was carried out in the Psychiatric Centre at tertiary care hospital from Dec 2018 to May 2019 involving elderly (≥ 60 years) with vascular dementia. Patients with other dementia types, condition and medication that stimulate cognitive disturbances were excluded. The tools used were Hindi mini mental status examination (HMSE), Zarit Burden Interview and the 12- item Neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI). All patients presented with two or more behavioural symptoms, Irritability was the most common symptom (80 %) followed by Night-time behaviour (60 %) and Agitation/ aggression (50 %). There was a significant association between Zarit Score and Behavioural Symptoms (p = 0.023), as well as HMSE and Zarit score (p = 0.03). Caregiver burden showed significant correlation with delusion, hallucination, disinhibition, aberrant motor behaviour and night-time behaviour. Most of the patients had multiple behavioural symptoms. Irritability was the most common symptom followed by night-time behaviour and Agitation.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49609779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gambling Addiction and Declaration of Nullity of Marriage at the Church Interdiocesan Tribunal in Split (2000 – 2020)","authors":"Boris Vidović, Gina Šparada","doi":"10.20471/dec.2023.24.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2023.24.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper is based on the investigation of over 1000 lawsuits for the declaration of nullity of mar- riage initiated at the Church Interdiocesan Tribunal in Split between 2000 and 2020. The main aim of this research paper was to focus on the lawsuits connected with the canon 1095, n. 3, especially on the problems of gambling addiction. The materials were analysed synthetically, and data were collected on a number of lawsuits conducted under this canon and on specific reasons for filing a lawsuit. Data on annulation of matrimony were also collected. The data are presented in an anonymous and aggregated manner. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used. The paper consists of a theoretical part and methodology, which includes the motive of the paper, the description of the sample used and the criteria of inclusion, materials, methods and procedures of paper, and the presentation of the results, together with the discussion of the results.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46698135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlations Between Clinical and Metabolic Variables and Smoking among Antipsychotic- Naïve First-Episode and Nonadherent Chronic Patients with Psychosis","authors":"S. Nadalin, V. Peitl, D. Karlović, Sara Huskić, Lena Zatković, A. Buretić-Tomljanović","doi":"10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20471/dec.2023.59.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"An interaction between smoking and antipsychotic medications could potentially affect treatment efficacy and promote metabolic side effects. We investigated the contribution of smoking status towards Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores and metabolic syndrome- related parameters (plasma lipid and glucose concentrations, and body mass index) among two groups of unmedicated patients with psychosis from the Croatian population: antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients and nonadherent chronic patients. Previous data are inconsistent regarding the effects of smoking on clinical psychopathology among antipsychotic-naïve or minimally medicated patients with first-episode psychosis, and no studies have examined the potential influence of smoking on clinical psychopathology and metabolic parameters among nonadherent patients with chronic psychosis. Information about smoking status and antipsychotic nonadherence was obtained via auto-anamnestic and hetero-anamnestic information. PANSS data were obtained while patients were in a psychotic state during the illness requiring hospitalization. Plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL- c), triglyceride, and glucose levels were determined after a 12-hour fasting period. Compared with non-smoking antipsychotic-naïve first-episode individuals, antipsychotic-naïve smokers exhibited significantly lower depression factor scores, and significantly higher triglyceride levels and triglyceride/HDL- c ratio (p < 0.05). Compared with non-smoking nonadherent chronic individuals, nonadherent smokers exhibited significantly lower negative symptoms and negative factor scores, and lower HDL- c levels. Contributions of smoking to clinical and metabolic parameters ranged from ~ 3.4 % to 10 %. Our present results indicated that smoking may be associated with less severe clinical psychopathology, and with increased risk for metabolic abnormalities, among unmedicated patients with first-episode psychosis and chronic psychosis.","PeriodicalId":8294,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Psychiatry Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45883603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}