Archives of Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"Dysfibrinogenemia and elevated anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies: a rare and intriguing case.","authors":"Hanxiao Sun, Xuewei Jiang, Li Yang, Jinpiao Lin, Huiming Sheng","doi":"10.5114/aoms/220466","DOIUrl":"10.5114/aoms/220466","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8278,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"1245-1248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13266520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden of respiratory diseases and attributable risk factors in adolescents and young adults, 1990-2021: a Global Burden of Disease 2021 analysis.","authors":"Jiaqi Pu, Hong Luo, Jian-Qing He","doi":"10.5114/aoms/220340","DOIUrl":"10.5114/aoms/220340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Respiratory diseases impose a substantial global burden on adolescents and young adults (AYAs, aged 15-39 years), yet this population remains undercharacterized.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, we assessed incidence, mortality, DALYs, and attributable risk factors for respiratory diseases among AYAs across 204 countries and territories. Estimates were stratified by age, sex, location, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Temporal trends were evaluated using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and associations with development were analyzed via LOESS regression (span = 0.5).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, upper respiratory infections had the highest age-standardized incidence rate (152,791.5/100,000), while tuberculosis caused the highest age-standardized mortality rate (6.8/100,000). Air pollution was the leading risk factor, contributing to 32.76 age-standardized DALYs per 100,000 for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 62.37 for lower respiratory infections (LRIs). Sex-based disparities were evident: males had higher burdens of pneumoconiosis, LRIs, and tracheal/bronchus/lung cancers, whereas asthma and pulmonary arterial hypertension were more prevalent in females. Regionally, low-SDI areas bore the greatest burden for TB and LRIs, while high-SDI regions had higher rates of URIs and asthma. Smoking was the primary driver of COPD burden specifically in high-income countries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Respiratory diseases present a heterogeneous global health challenge for AYAs that varies by sex, region, and development status. These findings support targeted strategies: control of infectious disease and air quality improvement in low-SDI regions where TB and LRIs predominate, alongside enhanced asthma management and tobacco control in high-income areas where URIs and smoking-related COPD burden are more prevalent.</p>","PeriodicalId":8278,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"857-870"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13266780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148262619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal association of type 1 diabetes with pancreatic cancer: a multi-ancestry Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Jingjing Liu, Tianyi Wu, Qionghua Xia, Shiyu Zhang","doi":"10.5114/aoms/220327","DOIUrl":"10.5114/aoms/220327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8278,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"1218-1223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13266522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers for early identification of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): a narrative review.","authors":"Aleksandra Klisic, Ratko Tomašević, Slavko Djuraskovic, Filiz Mercantepe, Ana Ninić","doi":"10.5114/aoms/219846","DOIUrl":"10.5114/aoms/219846","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has a globally increasing prevalence. Oxidative stress and inflammation, as interdependent processes, play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of MASLD. Moreover, heritability has a significant impact on MASLD. Hence, to fully understand the nature of complex and multifactorial diseases such as MASLD, it is important to consider the role of genetic and epigenetic factors as essential aspects of a broader context that includes clinical and environmental influences and their interactions when multiple metabolic pathways are involved. While traditional biomarkers may be insufficient in the early stages of this process, new-generation biomarkers and multi-omic approaches hold the potential to contribute to the improvement of disease diagnosis and prognosis. This review article aims to systematically examine oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers, as well as genetic and epigenetic factors in MASLD, highlighting current diagnostic advances and future perspectives in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8278,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"602-641"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13266762/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simvastatin reduces growth differentiation factor-15 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","authors":"Emanuel Kolanko, Elżbieta Broniatowska, Aleksandra Kruk, Anetta Undas, Michał Ząbczyk","doi":"10.5114/aoms/219847","DOIUrl":"10.5114/aoms/219847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), statins may improve lung function and reduce exacerbations. In COPD, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) has been shown to correlate with increasing age, current smoking, and greater comorbidity, and to predict disease outcomes; however, the effect of statins on GDF-15 is not known.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study was designed as a post-hoc analysis of GDF-15 levels in serum samples obtained from 54 patients with COPD (49 men; 90.7%), who had a 1-second forced expiratory volume (FEV₁) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio < 0.7. Patients assigned (1 : 1) to receive simvastatin (40 mg/day) or to remain without such treatment were followed for 3 months. Lung function and laboratory parameters, including C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6, and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline GDF-15 concentrations (median: 907.5 pg/ml, interquartile range: 720-1095 pg/ml) correlated negatively with FEV₁ (<i>r</i> = -0.38, <i>p</i> < 0.01) and positively with age (<i>r</i> = 0.32, <i>p</i> = 0.017), TNF-α (<i>r</i> = 0.31, <i>p</i> = 0.031), and PAI-1 (<i>r</i> = 0.40, <i>p</i> < 0.01), but not with lipid profile or other variables. Simvastatin reduced GDF-15 by 23% at 3 months compared to baseline (<i>p</i> < 0.01), independently of changes in lipid variables or inflammatory markers. At both 1 and 3 months, GDF-15 levels in the statin-treated group were 14% and 22% lower compared to the untreated control group (both <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that statin treatment can reduce circulating GDF-15 levels associated with COPD severity, which may be an additional benefit of such treatment beyond lipid-lowering or anti-inflammatory effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8278,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"848-856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13266736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148262982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-centred communication in primary care: are general practitioners aware of their strengths and areas for improvement?","authors":"Katarzyna Domosławska-Żylińska, Rafał A Halik, Magdalena M Łopatek, Dominik Olejniczak","doi":"10.5114/aoms/218944","DOIUrl":"10.5114/aoms/218944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Communication and interpersonal skills are fundamental to effective medical practice and can significantly influence adherence to medical recommendations and treatment outcomes. This study aimed to identify both strengths and areas requiring support in interpersonal skills among general practitioners in Poland.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study was conducted using the computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) method with a sample of 600 general practitioners working in public and private primary care clinics in Poland. The Interpersonal Communication Skills Inventory (Learning Dynamics, 2002) was used to assess communication skills.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average score obtained by respondents was 72 out of a possible 120 points. Analysis of specific communication skill domains indicated that the strongest area was Sending Clear Messages (M = 21.19, SD = 5.01). However, Listening (M = 16.68, SD = 4.45) and Giving and Receiving Feedback (M = 16.87, SD = 5.12) were identified as areas requiring improvement. Variations in communication skill levels were associated with factors such as gender, age, years of professional experience, self-assessed communication skills, perceived adequacy of consultation time, perceived need for practical communication training and prior participation in doctor-patient communication workshops. The findings indicate that the surveyed general practitioners may have an insufficient awareness of their own communication skills.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The communication skills of Polish general practitioners require particular attention, especially in the areas of Listening and Giving and Receiving Feedback. No overall improvement in communication skills was observed with increasing professional experience, suggesting that targeted training may be necessary to enhance them.</p>","PeriodicalId":8278,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"642-651"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13266517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study exploring the effects of exercise on cuproptosis targets in Alzheimer's disease brains based on large-scale data.","authors":"Guang Yang, Qi Li","doi":"10.5114/aoms/216654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/216654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by memory loss and cognitive decline. Epidemiological studies have linked sedentary behaviour to increased risk of chronic diseases, but the molecular mechanisms connecting prolonged inactivity to AD remain unclear. Copper dyshomeostasis and a newly defined form of copper-induced cell death - cuproptosis - have been implicated in neurodegeneration. This study investigates the role of cuproptosis-related genes in sedentary elderly individuals and AD patients to identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Gene expression profiles from GEO datasets GSE110298 (hippocampus, sedentary AD vs. control) and GSE9103 (skeletal muscle, sedentary vs. active aging) were processed with the limma package (|log₂FC| ≥ 1, adj. <i>p</i> < 0.05). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were intersected with a curated cuproptosis gene list. KEGG and GO analyses identified enriched pathways. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks in Cytoscape highlighted hub genes. Key candidates were validated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot in hippocampal and quadriceps tissues of exercise and sedentary mouse models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In GSE110298 and GSE9103, 2480 and 890 DEGs were identified, respectively, with 90 overlapping genes enriched in mitochondrial metabolism and neurodegeneration pathways. PPI analysis ranked DLD and DLAT as top hubs; these two remained after intersecting with the cuproptosis gene set. Both DLD and DLAT were significantly upregulated in hippocampi of sedentary AD subjects and in skeletal muscle of sedentary aging individuals. qPCR confirmed 1.6- to 2.8-fold mRNA increases for DLD and DLAT (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and Western blot showed 1.5- to 2.0-fold protein elevation (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additional modulation of TXN and FDX1 was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our integrative analysis identifies DLD and DLAT as key cuproptosis markers dysregulated by sedentary behaviour in AD-relevant tissues. These findings implicate copper-driven cell death in linking prolonged inactivity to neurodegeneration, and highlight DLD/DLAT as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Future work should expand cohort validation and dissect mechanistic roles via multi-omics and functional assays.</p>","PeriodicalId":8278,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Science","volume":"22 4","pages":"2404-2412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>-induced enteritis: findings from observational and Mendelian randomization studies.","authors":"Renli Wang, Zhaojun Xu, Rongjun Liu","doi":"10.5114/aoms/209548","DOIUrl":"10.5114/aoms/209548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>-induced enteritis (CDE) is ambiguous. This study investigated the association and potential causal relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of CDE.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this real-world observational study, a total of 1898 participants, including 103 patients with CDE and 1795 non-CDE controls, were selected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses were used to evaluate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of CDE. To assess the potential causal relationship between the two factors, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjustments were made for multiple confounders, a high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (odds ratio [OR] = 0.9764; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.9585-0.9932; <i>p</i> = 0.008) was independently associated with a lower risk of CDE. Similarly, the RCS model demonstrated a linear inverse correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of CDE (<i>p</i> for non-linear = 0.165). Furthermore, MR analysis showed that genetically predicted serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were associated with a decreased risk of CDE (IVW: OR = 0.4630; 95% CI: 0.2836-0.7559; <i>p</i> = 0.002). Sensitivity analysis did not show evidence of potential heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests that low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are associated with an increased risk of CDE, and this relationship is potentially causal.</p>","PeriodicalId":8278,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Science","volume":"22 3","pages":"1588-1595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13426182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148652960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between frailty and headache in middle-aged and older individuals: a data analysis based on the GBD2021, the CHARLS and Mendelian randomization.","authors":"Zhi Qin, Ting Ting Li, Yu Qiao","doi":"10.5114/aoms/216957","DOIUrl":"10.5114/aoms/216957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Headache is a common neurological disease with a significant impact on individuals and a high social economic burden.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We explored the association between frailty (assessed by FI) and incidence of new headaches among older individuals using the Global Burden of Disease database and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We examined 2108 individuals aged 60 years and older, and found that 16.56% of them reported incidence headache. The results demonstrated a clear association between higher levels of frailty and higher risks of headaches. Higher FI was associated with 1% higher odds of having headaches (OR = 1.12, <i>p</i> < 0.001, 1 unit increase of FI). Individuals in highest quartile of FI had OR = 1.36 compared to the lowest quartiles of FI. Results of multi-variable logistic regression analysis consistently supported our findings in different adjusted models. Subgroup analyses showed similar results in different subgroups. Moreover, Mendelian Randomization analysis also supported the genetic correlation between frailty and headache phenotype (OR for FI and headache: 3.023 and 2.937, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The growing global burden of headaches, especially in older adults, underscores the urgency of targeted interventions. Our findings imply that frailty may be a potential indicator of headache risk, and they call for healthcare strategies to reduce the incidence of headache by intervening in frailty. In the future, we will focus on the biological processes underlying the frailty-headache association to provide credible targets for personalized treatment and evidence-based preventive care.</p>","PeriodicalId":8278,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Science","volume":"22 3","pages":"1433-1456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13426192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota and osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study from NHANES among individuals aged ≥ 50 years.","authors":"Zicong Liang, Jianwei Xu, Jingxia Xu, Ruina Lu","doi":"10.5114/aoms/215954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms/215954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The gut microbiota serves as a critical interface between the host's internal environment and external factors, influencing bone mass and quality by modulating immune homeostasis, mineral absorption, and the production of systemically active metabolites. In this context, the Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota (DI-GM) provides a valuable metric for quantifying diet quality in relation to microbiota health. Therefore, investigating the association between DI-GM and the risk of osteoporosis (OP) is important for developing evidence-based dietary prevention guidelines.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study leveraged data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2005-2010 and 2013-2014. Multivariable weighted logistic regression (WLR) models were employed to ascertain the association between DI-GM and the prevalence of OP. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were leveraged to explore the dose-response relationship between DI-GM and OP. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests were performed to validate the reliability of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis included 8,065 U.S. adults aged ≥ 50 years. The multivariable WLR analysis revealed that the risk of OP significantly decreased with increasing DI-GM scores (OR = 0.929, 95% CI: 0.874-0.988, <i>p</i> = 0.021). Relative to the cohort with the lowest DI-GM scores, the highest DI-GM cohort exhibited a 36.1% lower risk of OP (OR = 0.639, 95% CI: 0.441-0.925, <i>p</i> = 0.019). RCS analysis indicated a negative linear correlation between DI-GM and OP (<i>p</i> non-linear = 0.281).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher DI-GM scores were associated with lower risk of OP, indicating a protective role for diets that enhance GM diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8278,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Medical Science","volume":"22 4","pages":"2145-2153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}