Aquatic Botany最新文献

{"title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the Enemy Release Hypothesis as applied to aquatic plants","authors":"Nompumelelo Catherine Baso ,&nbsp;Martin Patrick Hill ,&nbsp;Angela Bownes ,&nbsp;Julie Angela Coetzee","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2025.103866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Enemy Release Hypothesis (ERH) argues that escape from natural enemies allows exotic plants to become invasive in new habitats. This study provides a critical review of this hypothesis in aquatic plant ecosystems using a meta-analytic approach, considering diverse growth forms, multiple performance parameters, and various study methodologies. The key question posed is whether exotic macrophytes in freshwater ecosystems experience decreased enemy pressure compared to native species, and whether this translates to increased performance parameters. We hypothesize that plant growth form influences ERH expression, with the strongest effects in submerged macrophytes, and that ecological complexity obscures enemy release detection in biogeographical and community studies. A search term based on the key question was formulated and yielded 243 studies. Effects from manipulative experiments revealed significant support for the ERH under abiotic stressors such as eutrophication and temperature change, highlighting the dynamic nature of ecological interactions. However, the 53 community level effects showed contrasting findings, suggesting that native species may outperform invasive conspecifics in more stable environments. The evident complexity of ecological factors considered in the studies used here challenges the theoretical expectations of the ERH, demanding further exploration of alternative mechanisms, such as disturbance, biotic resistance, mutualism, and climate suitability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 103866"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Germination of the invasive water primrose Ludwigia grandiflora in Belgium and potential implications for management","authors":"Olga C. Delange ,&nbsp;Gianmarco Minuti ,&nbsp;Iris Stiers","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invasive Alien Aquatic Plants (IAAPs) are recognised as one of the major threats to aquatic biodiversity globally. Because of their high growth rate and ability to form dense mats, these plants strongly impact biodiversity and the conservation status of aquatic ecosystems. In Belgium, the invasive water primroses <em>Ludwigia</em> spp. are listed on the Invasive Alien Species watchlist, and conventional management actions (manual or mechanical removal) have been carried out, but successful control stories are underreported. Although seed production has not been reported for <em>L. grandiflora</em> in Belgium, local managers suspect it has occurred over the last five to ten years. We studied seed germination of 18 populations within Belgium by growing collected seeds in Petri dishes under a 12|12 h light regime and 14|24°C temperature regime in growth chambers. Results showed that 14 <em>L. grandiflora</em> populations produced germinating seeds, with final germination percentages ranging from 4 % to 77 % at the end of the study. Time to reach 50 % of germination ranged from 12 to 27 days. These results stress the need to implement control measures for seed production of <em>L. grandiflora</em> populations in the management schemes, especially considering the fast emergence and the high number of seeds produced for some populations. The potential germination could hinder management actions by increasing follow-up control efforts and its associated costs. It is thus in the best interest to prevent seeds ripening by removing the vegetative biomass early in new infestations, and by managing the potential soil seed bank in already established ones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 103865"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological consequences of breakwater and revetment structures on the Baltic Sea Coast in Germany","authors":"Daniela Glueck ,&nbsp;Nina Feußner ,&nbsp;Anne Herbst ,&nbsp;Hendrik Schubert","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hard structures, such as breakwaters and revetments, while effective at mitigating coastal erosion, induce significant ecological alterations in terrestrial and aquatic environments. To study these effects, field investigations were performed along the Baltic Sea coast in Thiessow, Germany, highlighting breakwaters, a revetment and comparing them to an unprotected area. For this purpose, floristic mappings were carried out along transects on beach and dune. Algae scratch samples and sediment cores were taken, which were also used for nutrient analyses, each with a replicate number of n = 5. Sediment analysis revealed changes in grain size, sorting, water content, organic matter, and nutrient concentrations in areas influenced by breakwaters and revetments. These differences are less distinct on beach and dune. Finer sediments and increased organic content were observed in shallow waters near the breakwaters, while coarser sediments dominated near revetments. Vegetation surveys showed less dune plant species on the breakwater site and a pronounced shift towards ruderal plant species. Revetments eliminated terrestrial vegetation entirely due to their impermeable structure directly on the beach. The introduction of hard substrate in soft-bottom habitats in the shallow water favours the settlement of macroalgae, whereby there is only a weak zonation with regard to the distribution of species on the structures. Meanwhile, no seagrass meadows were recorded near the breakwater which could indicate supressing effects. These findings underscore the ecological consequences of hard coastal protection and emphasize the importance of integrating ecological considerations into coastal protection strategies to balance shoreline stabilization and preservation of natural habitats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 103864"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-destructive biomass estimation for eelgrass (Zostera marina): Allometric and percent cover-biomass relationships vary with environmental conditions","authors":"Jordan A. Thomson,&nbsp;Benedikte Vercaemer,&nbsp;Melisa C. Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating plant biomass reliably over large areas while minimizing impacts on sampled habitats is an important goal in plant ecology. Often, this is accomplished by first using a small number of harvested plants to quantify the relationship between plant biomass and less destructive predictor variables (e.g., height, cover), and then applying this relationship across larger spatial scales. However, the influence of environmental conditions on these relationships is often poorly understood. Here, we assess the impact of environmental variability on two biomass estimation functions for the seagrass <em>Zostera marina</em> in Atlantic Canada: the allometric leaf length-weight relationship and the relationship between percent cover and above-ground biomass (AGBM). First, we determined allometric and cover-AGBM regression relationships at the regional level using data from all sites pooled. We then investigated whether these models could be improved by including a site group covariate based on principal component analysis of site-level environmental data. At the regional level, allometric and cover-biomass models were both strongly significant, although uncertainty was high in the cover-AGBM model. Both models improved markedly when environmental variability (i.e., site group) was included: in warm, shallow conditions, eelgrass leaves were lighter for a given length, and AGBM increased at a slower curvilinear rate with percent cover. This indicates that environmental effects on eelgrass morphological traits not typically included in biomass models (e.g., leaf thickness, rigidity) can be important. Our study suggests that environmental effects on eelgrass biomass models should be considered, particularly when highly accurate estimates with low uncertainty are required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 103853"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of the submerged macrophyte Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner to warming in different climate regions: A synchronized oligohaline mesocosm experiment","authors":"Md Masum Billah ,&nbsp;Gültekin Yılmaz ,&nbsp;Cihelio Alves Amorim ,&nbsp;Meltem Kuyumcu ,&nbsp;Onat Arıkan ,&nbsp;Mustafa Korkmaz ,&nbsp;İrem Gamze Arık ,&nbsp;Meryem Beklioğlu ,&nbsp;Erik Jeppesen ,&nbsp;Korhan Özkan","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Submerged macrophytes play a crucial role as primary producers and contribute essential ecosystem functions and services, but rising temperatures caused by climate change may alter their functional traits. We aimed to assess the effects of simulated climate warming (4.5 °C) on the functional trait responses of a submerged macrophyte, <em>Stuckenia pectinata</em> (L.) Börner, in a synchronized oligohaline (4 ppt salinity) mesocosm experiment conducted in two different climate regions in Turkey: cold semi-arid Ankara and hot, dry Mediterranean Mersin. The experiment was conducted using eight mesocosms at each site, with four replicates of each ambient temperature and warming treatment. Each mesocosm held 5000 L and was inoculated with natural sediment, plankton, macroinvertebrate and fish communities to represent natural oligohaline lake ecosystem. <em>S. pectinata</em> shoots collected from a single population from a coastal lake in Mersin were also inoculated in all mesocosms in similar abundances. Overall, we observed significant differences in macrophyte functional traits between the two sites with different climates, albeit with less pronounced effects of a 4.5 ºC rise in temperature within each site. Specifically, higher macrophyte percent volume infested (PVI) and canopy height were observed in the warmer Mersin than in the colder Ankara, which we attributed to higher shading by phytoplankton (reflected by water column Chlorophyll a, Chl-a). The biomass ratio (%dry weight (DW)/wet weight (WW)) was notably higher in Ankara, suggesting that the macrophytes in Ankara acquired relatively more resources than those in Mersin. The pronounced differences between the two sites likely reflected not only temperature differences but also cascading ecosystem characteristics (e.g., water column Chl-a, water nutrients) due to climatic differences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 103855"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of the chloroplast genomes of different strains of Pyropia haitanensis","authors":"Hongzi Song ,&nbsp;Zhicong Gao ,&nbsp;Haimin Chen ,&nbsp;Shanshan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pyropia haitanensis</em>, an economically and nutritionally significant marine crop, is extensively cultivated in China. This study employed genome skimming to assemble and annotate the chloroplast genome sequences of 15 different strains of <em>P. haitanensis</em> and conducted a comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome structure and characteristics. The assembled chloroplast genomes ranged in size from 195,577 to 201,312 base pairs (bp) and contained annotations for 253 (or 254 in some strains) genes associated with photosynthesis, transcription, biosynthesis and other essential processes. The number of simple repeat sequences (SSRs) varied between 28 and 30, with AT as the most abundant two-base repeat sequence. Despite overall conservation in the chloroplast genome structure, we identified eight highly variable regions that can serve as potential molecular markers for distinguishing different strains of <em>P. haitanensis</em>. These regions are eight intergenic spacer regions: <em>petJ</em>-<em>carA</em>, <em>ORF32</em>-<em>ycf35</em>, <em>rbl35</em>-<em>pbsA</em>, <em>ORF68</em>-<em>accB</em>, <em>psbB</em>-<em>psbT</em>, <em>syh</em>-<em>groEL</em>, <em>ORF107</em>-<em>ycf12</em>, <em>rpl32</em>-<em>ORF263</em>. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the 15 strains mainly divide into three subgroups, suggesting a degree of genetic differentiation among them. Overall, this study not only contributed to the understanding of the genetic variation of <em>P. haitanensis</em>, but also offered valuable resources for future research, breeding efforts, and utilization of this economically important marine crop.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 103854"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and functional dynamics of coralline algal systems under warming scenarios: Insights into vulnerability, and resilience","authors":"Andrea Bautista-García ,&nbsp;Patricia M. Valdespino-Castillo ,&nbsp;Teresa Pi-Puig ,&nbsp;Fabio Favoretto ,&nbsp;Martín Merino-Ibarra ,&nbsp;Javier A. Ceja-Navarro ,&nbsp;Silvia Espinosa-Matías ,&nbsp;Javier Tadeo León ,&nbsp;Anidia Blanco-Jarvio","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, climate change affects reef ecosystems, causing community reconfigurations and ecological impacts. Coralline rhodophyta are one of the reef groups most vulnerable to synergistic warmer temperatures, and ocean acidification. Yet, mineralogic, microstructural, and chemical studies of their thalli are necessary to understand their vulnerability and resilience. Here, we studied mineralogy, microstructure, and chemistry of adjacent coralline rhodophyta systems in La Paz Bay: <em>Neogoniolithon trichotomum</em>-dominated tidal pools, and rhodoliths from a shallow rhodolith bed at San Lorenzo channel. These systems depicted mineral diversity, including different phases of high-magnesium calcites in rhodoliths. The carbonates in <em>N. trichotomum</em> included Mg-calcite, aragonite, ankerite, and Fe-carbonates. Compositional X-ray maps of calcium and magnesium in rhodoliths reproduce very well the concentric growth band-structure. In a complementary way, the bands richest in calcium are the poorest in magnesium, and vice versa. They are most likely related to the high-magnesium phases detected by bulk XRD-Rietveld, as indicated by their similar EPMA-WDS Mg:Ca ratios. Chemical imaging at the microscale revealed iron was distributed in the primary mineral structure, in contrast with detritic elements, such as Al and Si, located in the algal surface (perithallus). Because algal elemental content is sensitive to environmental conditions, La Paz Bay coralline rhodophyta systems emerge as interesting models to monitor high-magnesium carbonate, in a scenario of tropicalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 103851"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal trait variation and functional niche overlap of macrophyte growth forms","authors":"Lindsay Louise Trottier ,&nbsp;Ashley Hoblyn ,&nbsp;Lars Lønsmann Iversen","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Macrophytes provide many ecosystem processes and functions which support freshwater ecosystem services, and the ecological role of a macrophyte is related to its growth form (emergent, free-floating, floating rooted, submerged). Differences between growth forms and the relationships between ecosystem functioning and environmental conditions can be described by functional traits. Seasonal variation in functional trait expression can lead to alterations in ecosystem functioning. As such, when inferring trait-environment relationships, a species’ functional niche should capture this temporal variation. However, it is unknown how functional traits in macrophytes vary seasonally, and the importance of between-growth form variation. Using hypervolume analysis and linear mixed effect modelling, we demonstrate that seasonal trait variation within-growth forms is stronger than between-growth form variation over time. We found that emergent macrophytes have significantly (p &lt; 0.01) higher specific leaf area in June compared to September. Whereas leaf nutrients (total nitrogen and phosphorus), are significantly higher early in the growing season for emergent, floating rooted, and submerged plants (p &lt; 0.05). We show that the large functional niche of submerged macrophytes is shaped by seasonal variation, and that the functional niches of all macrophyte growth forms overlap, suggesting redundancies in the maintenance of ecosystem functions. Together, this study demonstrates the influence of seasonal variation on macrophyte functional traits. Thus, seasonality is relevant to our understanding of aquatic ecosystem functioning and must be considered when determining the ecological role of macrophytes across a season. This study provides rationale for further examinations of between-growth form redundancies in the ecological role of macrophytes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 103852"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No endemic Isoëtes (Isoëtaceae) species in the North Asian Pacific evidenced by genetic and morphological analysis","authors":"Maxim Yu. Grigoryan ,&nbsp;Polina A. Volkova ,&nbsp;Maria O. Ivanova ,&nbsp;Olga A. Mochalova ,&nbsp;Maria D. Logacheva ,&nbsp;Tatyana V. Neretina ,&nbsp;Alexander A. Bobrov","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genus <em>Isoëtes</em> is a unique group of lycophytes that offers valuable insights into plant evolution. However, taxonomic issues and evolutionary pathways within the genus require further study, particularly in North-East Asia, where only representatives of the <em>I. echinospora</em> complex occur. We studied genetic (nuclear DNA LFY2int and IBR3 regions, transcriptomes) and morphological (size and ornamentation of mega- and microspores, velum coverage) variability of <em>Isoëtes</em> populations, focusing on the Russian Far East. We found no clear genetic and morphological differentiation between European and North Asian populations of diploid <em>I. echinospora</em> s.l. (the latter was referred to as <em>I. asiatica</em>), not supporting treatment of <em>I. asiatica</em> as a separate species. The finding of samples with spiny papillate microspores in some North Asian populations of <em>I. echinospora</em> s.l. (neither differentiated by the other morphological characters, nor genetically) is of particular interest. Genetic analysis of the North Asian Pacific tetraploid <em>I. maritima</em> (initially referred to as <em>I</em>. <em>beringensis</em>) revealed its origin from diploid progenitors close to <em>I. echinospora</em> and North American <em>I. bolanderi</em> or <em>I. howellii</em>, as has been shown earlier for North American populations. This finding supports treatment of the North Asian and North American populations of <em>I. maritima</em> as one species, in line with their morphological similarity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"198 ","pages":"Article 103850"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neotypification of the Sporolithon mediterraneum Heydrich (Sporolithales, Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta) and the status of Sporolithon in the Mediterranean Sea","authors":"Andrea Cabrito ,&nbsp;Sara Kaleb ,&nbsp;Viviana Peña ,&nbsp;Annalisa Falace","doi":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquabot.2024.103839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A neotype specimen is designated for the coralline alga <em>Sporolithon mediterraneum</em> Heydrich (Sporolithales, Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta) and critically examined here, since the original holotype specimen apparently has been destroyed. The neotype specimen was collected in a mesophotic rhodolith bed near Gorgona Island (Tyrrhenian Sea, Mediterranean). Additional specimens were collected in a rhodolith bed in the Menorca Channel (Western Mediterranean) and were used to confirm the identification of the neotype. Molecular analyses of <em>psb</em>A and <em>rbc</em>L with all <em>Sporolithon</em> species for which there are currently sequence data, including <em>S. ptychoides</em> and <em>S. molle</em> supported the designation of this neotype and the circumscription of this Mediterranean species. Additional specimens from Menorca Channel were resolved as conspecific based on <em>psb</em>A sequences. The morpho-anatomical data presented indicated that <em>S. mediterraneum</em> can be also distinguished from the type species <em>Sporolithon ptychoides</em> Heydrich and <em>Sporolithon molle (</em>Heydrich) Heydrich, the only two other species previously reported from the Mediterranean Sea, by the occurrence of 5–6 cell paraphyses and larger stalk cells. A consideration of the status of <em>Sporolithon</em> in the Mediterranean region is also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8273,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Botany","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 103839"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143170168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}